Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1052.pdf: 1426257 bytes, checksum: 302057355291e83990486aed5f396a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-22 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the aging and the regular physical activity on the autonomic control of heart rate (HR) at rest and during deep breath test (DBT) in healthy men. Nine young sedentary (mean = 22.67 ±2.45 years), sixteen young active (mean = 22.38 ±2.13 years), eight sedentary older (mean = 63.5 ±2.39 years) and eight older active (mean = 61 ±1.6 years) men were studied. Electrocardiogram was continuously recorded during 15 minutes (rest), 4 minutes (DBT, with breath rate at 5 to 6 cycles/minute) and 1 minute (recovery) in supine position. The HR (bpm) and the R-R intervals (RRi) (ms) were analyzed by time (RMSSD index) and frequency domain methods. The power spectral components were expressed as absolute (a) and normalized units (nu) at low (LF) and high (HF), and as the LF/HF. The HR and the RRi were analyzed by the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) indices: expiration/inspiration ratio (E/I) and inspiration-expiration difference (&#8710;IE). The HR was lower in the activity groups than to the matched-age sedentary groups. The older sedentary group had lower heart rate variability (HRV), E/I and &#8710;IE than young ones. The older active group showed higher RMSSD and HF component than matched-age sedentary group (45.04 and 28.78 ms, 58,167 and 12,218 ms2/Hz, P<0.05; respectively). No differences were found between young and older active groups for RMSSD (61.71 and 45.04 ms, respectively) and HRV (TP:130,816 and 125,710, LFa:33,295 and 32,611, HFa:84,346 and 58,167, ms2/Hz, respectively) and DBT indices (E/I: 1.40 and 1.35, &#8710;IE: 23 and 18, respectively). The results show that aging associates with inactivity reduces the HRV. However, the regular physical activity increases the HRV, independent of age, suggesting attenuation the effects of the aging in the autonomic control of the heart rate. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da idade e da atividade física regular sobre o controle autonômico da freqüência cardíaca (FC) durante o repouso e durante a manobra para acentuar a arritmia sinusal respiratória (MASR) em homens saudáveis. Participaram do presente estudo, 9 jovens sedentários (média= 22,67 ±2,45 anos), 16 jovens ativos (média= 22,38 ±2,13 anos), 8 idosos sedentários (média= 63,5 ±2,39 anos) e 8 idosos ativos (média= 61 ±1,6 anos). O traçado eletrocardiográfico foi registrado durante 15 minutos (repouso com respiração espontânea), 4 minutos (MASR, com freqüência respiratória mantida entre 5 a 6 ciclos/minuto) e 1 minuto de recuperação. A freqüência cardíaca (FC), em bpm, e os intervalos RR (iR-R), em ms, foram analisados pelo domínio do tempo (índice RMSSD) e pelo domínio da freqüência. Os componentes da potência espectral foram expressos em valores absolutos (a) e em unidades normalizadas (un) para a densidade total de potência (DTP), as bandas de baixa freqüência (BF), alta freqüência (AF) e razão BF/AF. A FC obtida durante a manobra MASR foi analisada a partir dos índices: razão expiração/inspiração dos iR-R (E/I) e de sua variação durante a inspiração-expiração (&#8710;IE). Os grupos ativos apresentaram valores inferiores de FC de repouso em comparação aos controles sedentários de mesma idade. O grupo idoso sedentário apresentou menor variabilidade da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca (VFC), E/I e &#8710;IE que o grupo jovem sedentário. O grupo idoso ativo mostrou valores superiores de RMSSD e da banda de HF em relação ao grupo sedentário idoso (45,04 e 28,78 ms, 58.167 e 12.218 ms2/Hz, p<0,05; respectivamente). Diferenças estatísticas não foram encontradas entre o grupo jovem ativo e idoso ativo para o RMSSD (61,71 e 45,04 ms, respectivamente) e para a VFC (DTP: 130.816 e 125.710, LFa: 33.295 e 32.611, HFa: 84.346 e 58.167, ms2/Hz, respectivamente) e para os índices da ASR (E/I: 1,40 e 1,35, &#8710;IE: 23 e 18, respectivamente). Para os grupos sedentários foi observado correlação negativa entre os índices DTP, AFa, E/I e &#8710;IE e a idade (p<0,05), sendo que o mesmo não pode ser observado nos grupos ativos. Os resultados sugerem que o envelhecimento associado ao sedentarismo provoca reduções na VFC, representadas pela diminuição da atividade vagal sobre o coração, determinada tanto pela análise no domínio da freqüência como pelos índices da arritmia sinusal respiratória. Entretanto, a atividade física regular aumenta a VFC, independentemente da idade, e atenua as alterações, decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento, no controle autonômico da freqüência cardíaca.

Le système cardio-respiratoire joue un rôle prépondérant au sein d’un organisme, en permettant notamment l’apport et la distribution du dioxygène et des nutriments à l’ensemble des cellules. Mieux comprendre les modifications du système cardio-respiratoire au cours de la vie est donc un élément central dans l’évaluation de la capacité de l’organisme à répondre à ses différents besoins énergétiques, ainsi que dans la compréhension du phénomène de mortalité naturelle liée à la sénescence. Cette étude a été réalisée sur un vertébré à durée de vie extrêmement courte (~6 mois), le poisson Nothobranchius furzeri. La température, en plus d’être considérée comme l’un des principaux facteurs environnementaux susceptibles d’influencer la physiologie des téléostéens, est connue pour son effet régulateur sur la longévité. Ainsi, les individus étaient acclimatés à deux températures, 26 °C considérée comme la température optimale chez cette espèce, et une température réduite de 22 °C. Au niveau individuel, les réponses biologiques ont été explorées au travers des performances physiologiques comme mesure indirecte de la fitness : la capacité métabolique aérobie (AS), la croissance, les performances de reproduction, de locomotion et de digestion. A l’échelle sub-individuelle, les mécanismes de régulation de la fonction cardiaque ont été examinés via une étude morpho-fonctionnelle des cardiomyocytes. Les résultats mettent en évidence la présence au cours de la vie de deux phases bien distinctes délimitées par un âge optimal : (1) une première phase d’élévation de l’AS des stades juvénile à adulte ; suivie (2) d’une seconde phase, synonyme de déclin de l’AS, des indicateurs cardiaques et des niveaux d’activités ciblés, associés probablement à l’entrée en sénescence. Une réduction de température accroit la longévité, et retarde les effets néfastes du vieillissement sur l’AS, et les performances cardiaques. Cette étude contribuera à établir une vision globale des effets du vieillissement sur la fonction cardio-respiratoire et à mieux comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu lors d’un allongement de la longévité par une réduction de la température. / Cardio-respiratory system plays a key role in an organism by delivering oxygen and nutrients towards the cells. Exploring its age-dependant changes is therefore a corner stone for assessing the organism capacity to meet its energetic needs along its life cycle, and for the understanding of mechanisms involved in the mortality due to aging process. This study was realized in a vertebrate with an extremely short lifespan (~6 months), the fish Nothobranchius furzeri. Temperature is an external factor that regulates longevity. Here, fish were acclimatized at two temperatures, 26 °C considered as the optimal temperature for this species, and 22 °C. Biological responses of fish were evaluated at individual level through the assessment of aerobic metabolic scope (AS), growth, reproduction, locomotion and digestion, which are considered to be relevant indirect measurement of fitness. Furthermore, mechanisms involved in the cardiac function regulation were explored through a morpho-functional study of cardiomyocytes. Along the individual life cycle, two phases were emphasized: 1) the first corresponds to AS elevation from the juvenile to the adult stages, following by 2) a second phase reflecting the entrance in the senescent stage, characterized by the decline in AS, cardiac performances and in activity level. A temperature reduction increases the individual longevity and slows-down deleterious effect of aging on both AS and cardiac function. This study will contribute to provide a global vision of senescent effects on cardio-respiratory system, and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in temperature-dependent increase in longevity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GER - SILA ZUGMAN CALDERONI.pdf: 4541296 bytes, checksum: 5c4af17a5a9270efacb3e402c9cded1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-09 / The contact with someone s old age mobilizes personal contents in middle-aged professionals dealing with the elderly, which produces effects on these professionals´ own lives. This research aimed at examining in what ways Masters in Gerontology conceive and perceive their own ageing process and future old age in the light of their personal and professional experiences. Interviews were carried out with Masters from the Post-graduate Studies Program in Social Gerontology, at PUC-SP, in the 40-60 age group and working in the area of Gerontology. Through a qualitative approach, the interviews were open and organized in a matricial reading for subsequent interpretation. This study has shown that the interviewees contact with the ageing process and the perspective of their own old age is a source of tension. Although they can already notice signs of ageing in themselves, they have not yet fully realized any limitations in their daily lives, despite half of the professionals interviewed having referred to a feeling of discomfort as a result of the awareness that they will eventually move into the aged population group themselves. Personal and professional experiences, all sorts of crises and suffering which these Masters in Gerontology have been through play a major role in the views and feelings they have towards their own ageing process. Paradoxically, they imagine themselves growing old, but without the limitations that old age brings. The knowledge acquired by the professionals interviewed associated with professional work contributed not only to reduce anguish in relation to their own future but also to produce changes in their daily practices, consequently helping improve their present life and future old age / O contato com a velhice do outro mobiliza conteúdos pessoais naqueles que se encontram na meia-idade e trabalham com idosos, o que repercute sobre suas vidas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar como os Mestres em Gerontologia pensam e sentem o próprio processo de envelhecimento e futura velhice à luz de seu percurso pessoal e profissional. Entrevistei Mestres, titulados pelo Programa de Estudos Pós Graduados em Gerontologia Social, da PUC-SP, que atuam profissionalmente na área da Gerontologia e se situam na faixa etária entre 40 e 60 anos. Numa abordagem qualitativa, utilizei entrevistas abertas, organizadas numa leitura matricial para posterior interpretação. O estudo revelou que o contato dos entrevistados com o processo de envelhecimento e a perspectiva da própria velhice constitui-se em fonte de tensão. Reconhecem em si sinais de envelhecimento, mas ainda não percebem, em sua plenitude, restrições em seus cotidianos, embora a metade dos entrevistados já refira a sensação de incômodo em face dessa consciência. O percurso pessoal e profissional, as crises e os sofrimentos vividos, permeiam as visões e sentimentos que os Mestres em Gerontologia, na meia-idade, têm em relação ao seu próprio processo de envelhecimento e futura velhice. Paradoxalmente, sem perceber, imaginam-se idosos, até longevos, mas sem as limitações da idade avançada. Os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos estudos agregados ao trabalho profissional contribuíram para acalmar angústias em relação ao próprio futuro e modificar práticas quotidianas, tendo a função de contribuir para melhorar o presente e a futura velhice

Jádrem této disertační práce bylo studovat optické a elektrické charakteristiky tenkovrstvých elektroluminiscenčních součástek řízených střídavým proudem (ACTFEL) a zejména vliv procesu stárnutí luminiforů na jejich optické a elektrické vlastnosti. Cílem této studie měl být příspěvek ke zvýšení celkové účinnosti luminoforů, vyjádřené pomocí jasu, účinnosti a stability. Vzhledem k tomu, že současnou dominantní technologií plochých obrazovek je LCD, musí se další alternativní technologie plošných displejů porovnávat s LCD. Výhodou ACTFEL displejů proti LCD je lepší rozlišení, větší teplotní rozsah činnosti, větší čtecí úhel, či možnost čtení při mnohem vyšší intenzitě pozadí. Na druhou stranu je jejich nevýhodou vyšší energetická náročnost, problém s odpovídající barevností tří základních barev a podstatně vyšší napětí nutné pro činnost displeje. K dosažení tohoto cíle jsme provedli optická, elektrická a optoelektrická měření ACTFEL struktur a ZnS:Mn luminoforů. Navíc jsme studovali vliv dotování vrstvy pomocí KCl na chování mikrostruktury a na elektroluminiscenční vlastnosti (zejména na jas a světelnou účinnost) ZnS:Mn luminoforů. Provedli jsme i některá, ne zcela obvyklá, měření ACTFEL součástek. Vypočítali jsme i rozptylový poměr nabitých barevných center a simulovali transportní charakteristiky v ACTFEL součástkách. Studovali jsme vliv stárnutí dvou typů ZnS:Mn luminoforů (s vrstvou napařenou či získanou pomocí epitaxe atomových vrstev) monitorováním závislostí svítivost-napětí (L-V), velikost vnitřního náboje - elektrické pole luminoforu (Q-Fp) a kapacitance-napětí (C-V) ve zvolených časových intervalech v průběhu stárnutí. Provedli jsme krátkodobá i dlouhodobá měření a pokusili jsme se i o vizualizaci struktury luminoforu se subvlnovým rozlišením pomocí optického rastrovacího mikroskopu pracujícího v blízkém poli (SNOM). Na praktickém případu zeleného Zn2GeO4:Mn (2% Mn) ACTFEL displeje, pracujícího při 50 Hz, jsme také studovali stabilitu svítivosti pomocí měření závislosti svítivosti na napětí (L-V) a světelné účinnosti na napětí (eta-V). Přitom byl zhodnocen význam těchto charakteristik. Nezanedbatelnou a neoddělitelnou součástí této práce je i její pedagogický aspekt. Předložený text by mohl být využit i jako učebnice pro studenty na mé univerzitě v Lybii.