Os agricultores familiares catarinenses vêm reagindo e se adaptando a dois processos relevantes que vem transformando as condições de produção e trabalho ao longo dos últimos anos. O primeiro diz respeito ao aperto econômico que atravessa as diversas atividades desenvolvidas nos diferentes territórios de Santa Catarina. O segundo se refere ao movimento de retorno à demanda por produtos alimentares de qualidade diferenciada que se verifica no contexto dos Países desenvolvidos e também no Brasil. Os agricultores familiares historicamente apresentam estreita relação com os grandes complexos agroindustriais, num processo em que se tornaram fornecedores de matérias-primas para a transformação em produtos padronizados sob o regime de produção industrial. A reação a estes processos vem acontecendo através de inúmeras iniciativas e práticas que buscam um reposicionamento nos mercados agroalimentares, se inserindo de forma autônoma e construindo novos mercados através da produção e processamento de alimentos de qualidade diferenciada, seja artesanal, orgânica, ou na identificação com a cultura e valores do local. As estratégias de integração aos diversos mercados através da construção de novas cadeias agroalimentares vêm se tornando prática recorrente em diversos locais e apresentam estreita relação com a luta constante pelos agricultores familiares por autonomia e progresso, com os processos de desenvolvimento rural e com as mudanças rurais em curso. A emergência desses novos mercados alimentares (de qualidade) pode ser identificada em Santa Catarina através da reconexão das relações entre produtor e consumidor que surge a partir da construção de cadeias agroalimentares curtas. Essas cadeias se caracterizam por enraizar práticas alimentares em relações eco-social locais, criando novos espaços econômicos. Assim, esta tese trata fundamentalmente da construção pelos agricultores familiares catarinenses de cadeias agroalimentares curtas como estratégia de agregação de valor através da inserção nos mercados de produtos com qualidades específicas conformando através da produção e mercantilização de alimentos uma relação de confiança entre produtores e consumidores. Para tanto analisamos três tipos de cadeias curtas em diferentes contextos catarinenses: as cadeias face a face, as de proximidade espacial e aquelas espacialmente estendidas. A partir de três estudos de casos buscamos entender os processos que vem provocando mudanças rurais e alterando dinamicamente as formas de produção, de organização e de integração dos agricultores familiares em novos circuitos mercantis e acirrando a disputa entre os diversos agentes que conformam os distintos mundos do alimento em Santa Catarina. Estas cadeias curtas surgem a partir das relações de proximidade e são tanto causa como resultado da ativa construção de redes por vários atores na cadeia agroalimentar atuando na ressocialização e relocalização dos alimentos em situações de desenvolvimento rural emergentes. Evidenciamos que a inserção dos agricultores familiares nos circuitos mercantis através da produção de alimentos com qualidades diferenciadas a partir da construção de cadeias curtas é uma estratégia que visa ampliação da autonomia e maior apropriação do valor agregado aos produtos com qualidade diferenciada. / Santa Catarina family farming have been reacting and adapting themselves to two relevant processes that have been transforming production and working condition along the last years. The first one regards the economic pressure which several activities developed in different territories in Santa Catarina face. The second one regards the moving back of the demand for differentiated quality food products that one verifies in the context of developed countries and also in Brazil. Family farming historically present close relation with big agriindustrial complexes, in a process that they become suppliers of raw materials to transform into standardize products under the rule of industrial production. The reaction to these processes are happening through several initiatives and practices that aim at a repositioning in the agri-food food markets, inserting themselves in an autonomous way and building new markets through the production and processing of differentiated quality food, whether artisanal, organic, or in the identification with the local culture and values. The strategies of integration to several new markets through the construction of new agri-food chains has becoming familiar practice in several places and present close relation with the family farmers constant struggle for autonomy and progress, with the processes of rural development and with the rural changes in progress. The emergence of these new agri-food markets (of quality) can be identified in Santa Catarina through the reconnection of the relations between producer and consumer that emerges from the construction of short agrifood chains These chains characterize themselves by rooting food practices in local ecosocial relations, creating new economic spaces. A key characteristic would be its capability to re-socialize or re-spacialize food, allowing consumer to make value judgment. It would mean redefine the relation producer-consumer by giving clear signals about the product origin and the role of this relation in the construction of values and meanings. Thus, this thesis discusses fundamentally the construction by Santa Catarina family farmers of short agri-food chains as an ad value strategy through insertion in markets of products with specific qualities conforming through food production and trade a relation of trust among producers and consumers. To such three short chains in different contexts in Santa Catarina were analysed: the chains face to face, the ones with spatial proximity and the ones spatially extended. From three case studies we aim at understanding the processes that have been provoking rural changes and dynamicly altering the ways of production, organization, and integration of family farmers in new market circuits and stimulating the dispute among several agents that conform distinct food worlds in Santa Catarina. These short chains arise from proximity relations and are both cause and result of the active construction of nets by several actors in agri-food chain acting in the re-socialization and re-location of food in situations of emergent rural development. We made evident that insert family farmers in market circuits through food production with differentiated quality starting from the construction of short chains is a strategy that aims at amplifying autonomy and more appropriation of the added value to products with differentiated quality.

The detrimental consequences associated with industrial models of food production are becoming more difficult to ignore. In response, one dominant approach to mitigating the myriad environmental, social, and ethical harms relating to food has sought to increase the efficiency of agricultural outputs through scientific and technological innovation. Although technology certainly has some role to play in any vision of a sustainable future, technocratic approaches to problem solving are insufficient—and arguably inappropriate—for addressing many of the kinds of complex challenges that we face today. There are recent indications that both agri-food law and policy and innovation policy are being taken more seriously in Canada, which creates an opportunity to reflect more deliberately on their ends and means. This dissertation explores the topic of how laws, policies, and other tools of governance can work to better align technological innovations in the agri-food sector with shared environmental goals and ethical aspirations. Taking a critical legal perspective closely informed by feminist insights and the work of existing, analogous justice movements, I examine several interlinkages between technology, law, the environment, and society to evaluate some of the failings of existing approaches to food systems transformation and to offer a contribution to the conversation about alternative pathways. Given the context-specific nature of food systems and food systems governance, my focus is primarily on Canada, but the universal importance of food in a globalized world renders some comparative and transnational discussion unavoidable. I use case studies and discourse analysis to demonstrate that, when considered through a justice-oriented lens, several of the new and emerging technologies being championed in the agri-food sector may not be as beneficial as their proponents claim. Instead, they may serve to retrench injustice and cement existing, exploitative power structures, making them more difficult to challenge and change later down the line. Thus, if technologies are to serve public instead of private interests in the ways they are incentivized, designed, regulated, and used, we will need to see broad systemic and structural reforms informed by thoughtful shifts in our values and priorities, rather than merely reactive adjustments to our policies and practices. Though this undertaking will be difficult, it is not impossible; this dissertation offers one way to facilitate the process of seeding change for environmental sustainability and technological justice.

Background:  Industry 4.0 technologies are expected to play an important role in the near future. Among these, blockchain technology is in the spotlight and recognized to be revolutionary within the agri-food industry and its supply chains. However, the technology and its adoption is in an early phase and involves several challenges for agri-food organizations. Given its nascent nature, academic research is scarce and a need for research of blockchain technology adoption in different contexts has been identified.  Purpose:  The purpose of this thesis is therefore to analyze the reasoning behind Swedish agri-food organizations’ decisions to adopt or reject blockchain technology as well as their approach to its adoption in their supply chains.  Method:  A qualitative research design with an inductive approach was applied, where the primary data was gathered through 9 semi-structured interviews with agri-food organizations and experienced individuals within the field.  Conclusion:  The findings show that trustworthiness is the main goal and driver of blockchain technology adoption and identified several secondary reasons for adoption. The research also specifies challenges which act as reasons for rejection as well as two-edged critical factors affecting adoption decisions. Further, Swedish agri-food organizations were recognized to be in an immature adoption phase and hence two main approaches to blockchain adoption, proactive and pending, were determined. Based on these findings, the BAP framework visualizing the blockchain adoption process was developed.

The agri-food sector is responsible for 26% of the total global carbon emissions. This puts the sector under the critical eye of the world, which demands radical solutions to this. For this, alternatives to unsustainable practices have already been implemented and have led to the transformation of the systems into more sustainable ones. And, studies that seek to understand these transformations have been carried out, which belong to the Sustainability Transitions field. However, this branch of studies has been more prominent in countries of the northern hemisphere, and not so much in countries of the south. This is why, this study aimed to extend the knowledge on sustainability transitions in countries from the global south by studying the case of the blueberry sector in Peru, and the possible factors that may be hindering or boosting a sustainable transition. The study focused on the evaluation of secondary data on the context and relevant events within the blueberry sector in Peru from 2004 to 2021, also interviews were held to support the information gathered previously. The study showed that factors that act as a booster for a transition, within the Peruvian context, are the price of a product in the global market, and also the enactment of certain laws that promote certain activities like organic production. Also, those hindering factors were the price of cultivation of the blueberries and the activity of informal institutions called “services”. Moreover, the study shows that two out of the three alternatives for sustainable change that were analyzed lacked consideration for social sustainability aspects. Finally, the insights provided in this study could help to better understand how sustainability transitions could unravel in similar South American regions.

Master of Science / Department of Communications and Agricultural Education / Jason D. Ellis / Agricultural sustainability is a growing concern for the general public because of agriculture’s considerable use of land, water, and other natural resources. In response to this growing concern, companies have started to publish sustainability reports to highlight sustainable practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of sustainability reporting from companies in the agri-food supply chain. The research objectives of this study were (1) determine the prevalence of sustainability reporting among food system companies, (2) identify, to what extent, the three components of the triple bottom line model are represented in sustainability reports, (3) determine if/how sustainability reporting differs among sectors of the agriculture supply chain, (4) assess how companies describe stakeholder engagement in sustainability reports, and (5) explore which aspects of reputation are included in sustainability reports. In total, 66 agribusinesses were included in this study of which 16 had published sustainability reports. Data for the quantitative content analysis were collected using a scorecard based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Results indicated that sustainability reporting is limited among companies involved in the agriculture and food supply chain. Though better than sectors studied in previous research, agribusinesses also struggle to explain stakeholder engagement and need to focus sustainability report content to align more closely with the three components of the triple bottom line model – environment, economic, and social.

Des groupes agro-alimentaires se tournent vers les filières laitières artisanales pour assurer leur approvisionnement. De cette tendance émergent des business inclusifs (BI). Malgré l’engouement qu’ils suscitent auprès des acteurs du développement agricole, ils restent délicats à mettre en œuvre. Mais dans quelle mesure la coordination de ces BI relève de démarches inclusives ? Quelles sont les barrières à leur adoption et les conséquences sur leur durabilité? Un cas d’étude est analysé pour explorer ces questions, le projet DEEP (Danone Egypt Ecosystem Project). Initié en 2011 par le fond Danone Ecosystème, en partenariat avec Danone Egypte et l’ONG CARE, il promeut un business model réplicable de centres de collecte de lait (CCL) de vache auprès des petits producteurs, dans des coopératives agricoles publiques. Ce BI tente de sécuriser l’approvisionnement de la laiterie Danone et de contribuer au développement socio-économique des villages hôtes. Dans la thèse, un cadre analytique transdisciplinaire est élaboré ; la gestion de la qualité permet d’associer une approche chaîne de valeur (CV) et une approche système agroalimentaire localisée (SYAL). Des données socio-économiques sont collectées entre 2014 et 2016, individuellement et collectivement, auprès des acteurs directement ou indirectement impliqués dans ce BI. Si l’extrême diversité des activités, des objectifs et des ressources des acteurs qui « gravitent » autour du produit lait et du BI est mise en évidence, améliorer la qualité du lait semble être un but partagé. La distance et les asymétries de pouvoirs entre les partenaires limitent la promotion de stratégies répondant à la complexité et à la variabilité du contexte égyptien. Au dépend de la collaboration, des logiques d’intégration et de coercition s’installent dans la chaîne de valeur inclusive (CVI), pilotée en aval par l’entreprise avec l’ONG. Si la qualité sanitaire du lait fourni par les CCL s’améliore, la qualité compositionnelle se dégrade. L’entreprise rejette fréquemment les livraisons des CCL sans mécanisme de compensation et la CVI construite est fragile. Le BI est alors abordé en examinant l’évolution du SYAL laitier d’Halabeya. Après 6 années d’interventions, le CCL y est un acteur central des réseaux de collecte de lait. Il influence la qualité sanitaire via les institutions qui l’organisent (analyses de la qualité du lait, fixation des prix ou connaissances sur l’hygiène). La promotion d’un pôle concentrant l’offre de services agricoles pour les fournisseurs du CCL échoue. Une multitude d’entreprises familiales de proximité, organisées en réseaux spécialisés mais non coordonnés, l’assurent. Il semble que la généricité de la construction de CVI durable doive passer par la systématisation de processus de partenariat. En Egypte, une cellule de coordination villageoise pourrait être créée. Réunissant divers acteurs clef du SYAL, elle pourrait activer les ressources territoriales aux profits des habitants et du BI, en l’associant dans un comité de pilotage avec des représentants de l’état, de l’entreprise investisseuse et de l’ONG. Ce comité de pilotage s’attacherait à bâtir un business model adapté au territoire et aux besoins des partenaires, puis à piloter la CVI construite. L’utilisation de l’amélioration de la qualité du lait pourrait catalyser l’action collective. Par la sensibilisation des partenaires, l’implication de l’état, le recours à des facilitateurs et la possibilité pour les territoires de communiquer sur ces interventions, limiter les asymétries de pouvoir devient envisageable. Original par son utilisation de la gestion de la qualité comme un facteur d’inclusion, le cadre d’analyse permet d’aborder des échelles variées et plus ou moins distantes et pose les bases d’un cadre d’action favorisant la territorialisation des partenariats de BI. Ainsi, bâtir des CVI durables, c’est contribuer à l’émergence de territoires autonomes, voie prometteuse dans les pays du Sud comme du Nord. / Agri-food companies turn to traditional dairy sector to ensure their supply of milk. Inclusivebusinesses (IB) have emerged from this trend. Despite the enthusiasm raised among the playersof agricultural development, such businesses remain difficult to implement. But to what extentdoes IB coordination fall into an inclusive approach? What are the obstacles to the adoption ofsuch processes and the consequences for their sustainability? A case study is analyzed to explorethese issues, the DEEP project (Danone Egypt Ecosystem Project). Initiated in 2011 by the DanoneEcosystem fund, in partnership with Danone Egypt and the NGO CARE, it promotes a replicablebusiness model of cow milk collection centers (MCC) in public agricultural cooperatives targetingsmall producers. This IB’s aims are to secure the sourcing of Danone’s dairy and to contribute tothe socio-economic development of associated villages. In this thesis, a transdisciplinary analyticalframework is developed; the quality management has been used to link a value chain (VC)approach and a localized agri-food system (SYAL) approach. Socio-economic data were collectedbetween 2014 and 2016, individually and collectively, directly or indirectly from the playersinvolved in this IB. While the extreme diversity of the activities, objectives and resources of actorsevolving around the milk product and the IB is highlighted, improving the quality of the milk seemsto be a common goal. Both the distance and the differences in power between partners limit thepromotion of strategies responding to the complexity and variability of the Egyptian situation.Logics of integration and coercion take place within the inclusive value chain (IVC) drivendownstream by the company with the NGO, to the detriment of collaboration. If the sanitaryquality of the milk provided by the MCC is improving, its compositional quality deteriorates. Thecompany frequently rejects deliveries from MCCs, without a mechanism for compensation, whichlead to the precarity of such built IVC. The IB is therefore discussed by examining the evolution ofthe dairy SYAL from Halabeya. After 6 years of interventions, the MCC became a central playerwithin the milk collection networks. It influences milk sanitary quality through the institutions thatorganize it (milk quality analyses, pricing or hygiene knowledge). The promotion of a hubdelivering agricultural services to MCC suppliers fails. Numerous local family businesses, organizedin specialized networks lacking of coordination, ensure it. It seems that the genericity of theconstruction of sustainable IVC must go through the systematization of partnership processes. InEgypt, a coordination cell in the village could be established. Bringing together various key actorsof the SYAL, this cell could activate the territorial resources in favour of the inhabitants and the IB,by associating it in a steering committee with representatives of the state, the investing companyand the NGO. This steering committee would work on building a business model adapted to theterritory and to the needs of the partners, before piloting the IVC built. Using milk qualityimprovement could catalyze the collective action. By raising awareness of partners, involving thestate, using facilitators and giving the capacity for the territories to communicate on theseinterventions, therefore limiting the differences in power becomes possible. Through its use ofquality management as an inclusion factor, the analytical framework allows approaching distantscales, and lays the foundations for an action framework fostering the territorialization of IBpartnerships. Therefore building sustainable IVCs go hand in hand with the emergence ofautonomous territories, a promising path towards the Southern countries as well as the Northern.

O presente trabalho visa analisar o impacto da agenda de Objetivos do Milênio (ODM) definida pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) na criação e no desdobramento de projetos voltados para o desenvolvimento sustentável, com foco na ótica dos pequenos agricultores brasileiros. Para que este objetivo pudesse ser alcançado, foi empenhada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória por meio de estudos de caso sobre os projetos \"Rede de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional\" e \"Clima da Caatinga\", promovidos pela Prefeitura de Maracanaú (CE) e pela Associação Caatinga, respectivamente. A amostra foi selecionada tendo por critério de representatividade a condecoração dos projetos na edição de 2013 do Prêmio ODM Brasil, a sua localização no estado mais premiado (Ceará), e a divisão do prêmio nas categorias \"Governos Municipais\" e \"Organizações Sociais\". A pesquisa contou com a realização de entrevistas em profundidade e entrevistas em grupo com lideranças e beneficiários dos dois projetos que, somadas às análises de documentos de fontes primárias e secundárias e observação não estruturada dentro do contexto de execução dos projetos, propiciou a elucidação dos papel e influência da ONU e das políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento dos projetos estudados. Verificou-se que as iniciativas da ONU no âmbito do programa Objetivos do Milênio, apesar de produzirem baixo impacto na motivação que levou à criação dos projetos analisados, assumiram papel relevante para os seus respectivos desdobramentos, contribuindo para a sua reorientação ao planejamento de longo prazo e facilitando o estabelecimento de parcerias estratégicas. Além disso, as políticas públicas de incentivo se mostraram uma relevante ferramenta no processo de intervenção e transformação de realidades de vulnerabilidade social e degradação ambiental. Ante a isto, concluímos que os incentivos promovidos pelas organizações internacionais na esteira da definição de agendas sustentáveis, como os ODM, possuem grande potencial contributivo para a consolidação de projetos que visem a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. / This paper aims to analyze the impact of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) defined by the United Nations (UN) on the creation and deployment of projects focused on sustainable development, focusing on the perspective of small Brazilian farmers. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative exploratory research was undertaken through case studies on the \"Food and Nutrition Security Network\" and \"Caatinga Climate\" projects, promoted by the City Hall of Maracanaú (CE) and the Caatinga Association , respectively. The sample was selected considering the presence of the projects in the 2013 edition of the Brazil ODM Award, its location in the most contemplated state (Ceará), and the division of the award in the categories \"Municipal Governments\" and \"Social Organizations\". The research included in-depth interviews and group interviews with leaders and beneficiaries of the two projects, which, together with the analysis of documents from primary and secondary sources and unstructured observation within the context of project execution, provided the elucidation of the roles and influence of the UN and public policies for the development and maturing of the studied projects. Following the investigation, it was found that UN initiatives under the Millennium Development Goals, although having a low impact on the motivation that led to the creation of the projects analyzed, have played a relevant role in their respective developments, contributing to their reorientation to the long-term planning and facilitating the establishment of strategic partnerships. In addition, the public policies have proved to be an important tool in the process of intervention and transformation of realities of social vulnerability and environmental degradation. It was concluded that the incentives promoted by international organizations through the definition of sustainable agendas, such as the MDGs, have great contributory potential for the consolidation of projects regarding the promotion of sustainable development.

Estudos demonstram que a inserção de pequenos produtores e assentados rurais na produção voltada às grandes cadeias agroalimentares globais pode levar a mudanças nas estruturas de produção e consumo de alimentos deles próprios. Como consequência, tem-se constatado maior dependência da renda para obtenção de alimentos, o que impacta a segurança alimentar das famílias rurais em seus três princípios estruturantes: acesso, qualidade e reprodução social e da cultura alimentar. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou caracterizar as práticas alimentares de assentados rurais do Alto Xingu, entender os fatores que influenciam a escolha e obtenção dos alimentos e sua relação com o atual contexto de mudança no uso da terra na região. Para isso, partiu-se de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, utilizando-se a observação participante, entrevistas não estruturadas (Metodologia Geradora de Dados de Posey) e Recordatório 24 horas de consumo alimentar. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que muitas variáveis contribuem para a formação do atual contexto de transformações socioeconômicas: envelhecimento rural e a aposentadoria; o aumento da prestação de serviços fora do lote; a inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho; as dificuldades de obtenção de investimento, tecnologia e conhecimento; a limitação hídrica; o êxodo rural; a valorização das terras; as possibilidades de arrendamento; e a dificuldade em se diversificar a produção agrícola além da pecuária e do plantio de soja. Essas transformações socioeconômicas se materializam na paisagem, pela mudança no uso da terra, e nas práticas alimentares, pela diminuição da produção para autoconsumo. A manutenção da produção para autoconsumo mostrou ser mais vulnerável no caso de hortaliças (sobretudo verduras), seguida pela criação de gado, produção de leite, cultivo de mandioca, criação de suínos, frango e, então, frutas (culturas perenes). Em termos de cultura alimentar, o perfil de alimentos que compõem a dieta ainda é o mesmo, caracterizado pelo trio arroz, feijão e carne de vaca. Por outro lado, o que vem mudando nas práticas alimentares dos assentados é a forma de obtenção dos alimentos. Como consequência, a maior dependência da compra de alimentos pode impactar a segurança alimentar das famílias e influenciar a manutenção do hábito alimentar no longo prazo. Conclui-se que a mudança na forma como se obtém o alimento já é o reflexo - ao mesmo tempo em que também reflete - um novo modo de vida do assentado rural. Assim, as transformações nos modos de vidas dos assentados podem colocar em risco a sua segurança alimentar - ao mesmo tempo em que a insegurança alimentar pode reforçar as transformações no modo de vida local. / Researches show that the inclusion of small farmers and rural settlers in large global agri-food chains can lead to changes in food patterns regarding production and consumption. As a result, studies show that there is greater dependency on the income to obtain food, which impacts food security of rural households regarding food access, food quality and maintenance of social reproduction and food culture. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the eating patterns of Upper Xingu rural settlers, the drivers for food choice and food acquisition and their relation to the land use change in the region. In this regard, an interdisciplinary approach was applied, together with the participant observation, unstructured interviews (Generative Methodology Posey data) and 24-hour dietary recall for food consumption. This research has achieved a number of different results. There are several variables hat compose the current context of socio-economic transformations: rural settlers aging and retirement; non-farm-income generating activities; women inclusion in labor market; the difficulties in accessing investment, technology and knowledge; water limitation; rural exodus; land valuation; the possibility of leasing; and the difficulty to diversify agricultural production besides cattle raising and soybean planting. Those socio-economic transformations are materialized in the landscape, by the land use change, and in the eating practices, by the decrease of food production for self-consumption. The maintenance of food production for self-consumption is more vulnerable for vegetables (especially greens), followed by cattle, milk production, cassava, pork, poultry and fruit (perennial crops). Foods that compose the diet of rural settlers have not changed over years, being characterized by rice, beans and beef. Although, eating practices have changed regarding the forms of getting food. As a result, the greater dependency on buying food can have impact on food security of families and influence the maintenance of future eating habits. Finally, this research concludes that the change in food access is the reflection - while it also reflects - a new way of life among rural settlers. Therefore, changes in the rural settlers\' way of life may endanger food security, at the same time that food insecurity may reinforce the changes in the local way of life.

O presente trabalho visa analisar o impacto da agenda de Objetivos do Milênio (ODM) definida pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) na criação e no desdobramento de projetos voltados para o desenvolvimento sustentável, com foco na ótica dos pequenos agricultores brasileiros. Para que este objetivo pudesse ser alcançado, foi empenhada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória por meio de estudos de caso sobre os projetos \"Rede de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional\" e \"Clima da Caatinga\", promovidos pela Prefeitura de Maracanaú (CE) e pela Associação Caatinga, respectivamente. A amostra foi selecionada tendo por critério de representatividade a condecoração dos projetos na edição de 2013 do Prêmio ODM Brasil, a sua localização no estado mais premiado (Ceará), e a divisão do prêmio nas categorias \"Governos Municipais\" e \"Organizações Sociais\". A pesquisa contou com a realização de entrevistas em profundidade e entrevistas em grupo com lideranças e beneficiários dos dois projetos que, somadas às análises de documentos de fontes primárias e secundárias e observação não estruturada dentro do contexto de execução dos projetos, propiciou a elucidação dos papel e influência da ONU e das políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento dos projetos estudados. Verificou-se que as iniciativas da ONU no âmbito do programa Objetivos do Milênio, apesar de produzirem baixo impacto na motivação que levou à criação dos projetos analisados, assumiram papel relevante para os seus respectivos desdobramentos, contribuindo para a sua reorientação ao planejamento de longo prazo e facilitando o estabelecimento de parcerias estratégicas. Além disso, as políticas públicas de incentivo se mostraram uma relevante ferramenta no processo de intervenção e transformação de realidades de vulnerabilidade social e degradação ambiental. Ante a isto, concluímos que os incentivos promovidos pelas organizações internacionais na esteira da definição de agendas sustentáveis, como os ODM, possuem grande potencial contributivo para a consolidação de projetos que visem a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. / This paper aims to analyze the impact of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) defined by the United Nations (UN) on the creation and deployment of projects focused on sustainable development, focusing on the perspective of small Brazilian farmers. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative exploratory research was undertaken through case studies on the \"Food and Nutrition Security Network\" and \"Caatinga Climate\" projects, promoted by the City Hall of Maracanaú (CE) and the Caatinga Association , respectively. The sample was selected considering the presence of the projects in the 2013 edition of the Brazil ODM Award, its location in the most contemplated state (Ceará), and the division of the award in the categories \"Municipal Governments\" and \"Social Organizations\". The research included in-depth interviews and group interviews with leaders and beneficiaries of the two projects, which, together with the analysis of documents from primary and secondary sources and unstructured observation within the context of project execution, provided the elucidation of the roles and influence of the UN and public policies for the development and maturing of the studied projects. Following the investigation, it was found that UN initiatives under the Millennium Development Goals, although having a low impact on the motivation that led to the creation of the projects analyzed, have played a relevant role in their respective developments, contributing to their reorientation to the long-term planning and facilitating the establishment of strategic partnerships. In addition, the public policies have proved to be an important tool in the process of intervention and transformation of realities of social vulnerability and environmental degradation. It was concluded that the incentives promoted by international organizations through the definition of sustainable agendas, such as the MDGs, have great contributory potential for the consolidation of projects regarding the promotion of sustainable development.

Questa tesi di dottorato ha riguardato il recupero di composti ad alto valore aggiunto dai sottoprodotti agro-alimentari e il loro utilizzo in campo alimentare. In particolare, si è studiato il frazionamento lignocellulosico di raspi d’uva e residui di potatura di melo per ottenere emicellulosa, cellulosa, lignina e antiossidanti attraverso processi di auto-idrolisi e organosolv, investigando successivamente l’influenza di sei cultivar sul frazionamento lignocellulosico dei raspi. Un processo composto da quattro fasi (trattamento di lavaggio seguito da un’idrolisi acida, un’idrolisi basica e, infine, una decolorazione basica) è stato applicato su raspi di uva rossa (Barbera, Pinot Noir, Nebbiolo) e bianca (Müller, Chardonnay and Moscato). I raspi sono stati confrontati in termini di composizione chimica della materia prima (umidità, ceneri, minerali, lipidi, fibre, proteine zuccheri liberi) e di frazioni recuperate ( lavaggio, liquors acidi e basici e residui di cellulosa finali). Si è inoltre studiato l’influenza varietale sull’estrazione di antiossidanti da vinacce di Barbera, Pinot Noir and Nebbiolo, i diversi estratti sono stati confrontati per il loro profilo fenolico e per la loro capacità antiossidante. Infine, un estratto liofilizzato di vinacce di Barbera è stato utilizzato per migliorare la shelf-life di una pasta di nocciole valutando l’ossidazione cinetica. / This thesis has focused on the recovery of high value compounds from agri-food by-products and their use in food. In particular, we studied the lignocellulosic fractionation of grape stalks and apple tree pruning for the recovery of hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin and antioxidants through processes of auto-hydrolysis and organosolv, investigating subsequently the influence of six grape cultivar,on the lignocellulosic fractionation of grape-stalks. A four-step process (a washing treatment followed by an acid hydrolysis, a basic hydrolysis and, finally, a basic bleaching) was applied to stalks obtained from six different red (Barbera, Pinot Noir, Nebbiolo) and white (Müller, Chardonnay and Moscato) grape cultivars. The different stalks were compared in terms of chemical composition of raw material (moisture, ash, minerals, lipids, fiber, proteins, free sugars) and of the recovered fractions (washing, acid and basic liquors and final cellulose residues). We also studied the influence of variety on the antioxidants extraction from Barbera, Pinot Noir and Nebbiolo grape marc. The different extracts were compared in terms of phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity. Finally, a freeze-dried extract from Barbera grape marc was used to improve the shelf-life of hazelnut paste evaluating the oxidation kinetics.