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Sustentabilidade do cultivo de mel?o no assentamento S?o Rom?o em Mossor?/RN / Sustainability of melon cultivation in S?o Rom?o settlement, Mossor?/RNFormiga J?nior, Ivanildo Martins 26 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / A agricultura ? um dos temas mais discutidos atualmente dentro do campo conceitual da sustentabilidade. Os debates s?o cada vez mais recorrentes e colocam em quest?o, o modelo adotado a partir p?s-guerra, denominado de revolu??o verde, pelo seu potencial de degrada??o dos recursos naturais. Esse tipo de agricultura colocou o Brasil no topo do agroneg?cio mundial, aonde se destaca em diversos setores como o de gr?os, carne, a??car e tamb?m na fruticultura. As discuss?es est?o voltadas para aspectos relacionados ao uso de agroqu?micos, monocultivo, convers?o de florestas nativas em extensas ?reas agr?colas, dentre outros pontos tidos como delet?rios ao equil?brio ambiental. Por outro lado, encontra-se um modelo, denominado de agricultura familiar, que para muitos pesquisadores, possui atributos mais pr?ximos do entendimento de agricultura sustent?vel. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, o potencial agr?cola reside principalmente na fruticultura, aonde se destaca o agropolo A?u-Mossor?, como uma das principais regi?es produtoras de frutas tropicais do Brasil, sendo o mel?o o principal fruto produzido. O cultivo desta oler?cola desenvolveu-se na regi?o no final da d?cada de 1980, a partir do investimento de grandes empresas agr?colas, cujas t?cnicas de cultivo eram pautadas pela revolu??o verde. Atualmente, o cultivo do mel?o ? tamb?m desenvolvido em agroecossistemas cuja gest?o ? caracterizada pela participa??o familiar, inclusive em assentamentos rurais criados pelo Instituto Nacional de Coloniza??o e Reforma Agr?ria (INCRA). Diante desta inser??o da agricultura familiar num campo em que a pouco era dominado por grandes empresas agropecu?rias, surgem quest?es relativas a manuten??o dos atributos que caracterizam essa modalidade de gest?o agr?cola. O presente trabalho objetivou a avalia??o da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares do assentamento S?o Rom?o em Mossor?-RN, cultivados com mel?o. O estudo foi realizado a partir da utiliza??o da estrutura do Marco para Avalia??o de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturais Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade (MESMIS), em dez agroecossitemas do assentamento. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da realiza??o de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observa??es de campo, de forma que as respostas, considera??es e coment?rios realizados pelos assentados foram amplamente aproveitados para percorrer os seis passos do ciclo avaliativo do MESMIS. Foram determinados sete pontos cr?ticos que afetam a sustentabilidade, sendo: recursos h?dricos, solos, depend?ncia de insumos externos, biodiversidade, qualidade de vida, rendimento familiar e organiza??o comunit?ria, a partir dos quais derivaram vinte e tr?s indicadores que buscaram refletir o real estado de sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas. / Agriculture is one of the most discussed topics currently in the conceptual field of
sustainability. The debates are increasingly recurrent and put in question the model adopted
from post-war, so-called green revolution, for its potential of degradation of natural resources.
This type of Agriculture put Brazil at the top of the global agribusiness, where stands out in
various sectors such as grain, meat, sugar and horticulture. Discussions are focused on aspects
related to the use of agrochemicals, monoculture, conversion of native forest in extensive
agricultural areas, among other points taken as deleterious to environmental balance. On the
other hand, there is a model, called by family farming, which for many researchers, has
attributes closer to the understanding of sustainable agriculture. In the state of Rio Grande do
Norte, the agricultural potential lies mainly on horticulture, where stands the agropolo AcuMossor?,
as one of the greatest tropical fruit producing regions of Brazil, being melon, the
major fruit produced. The cultivation of this vegetable was developed in the region in the late
1980s, from the investment of large agricultural enterprises, whose cultivation techniques
were grounded by the green revolution. Currently, the melon cultivation is also developed in
agroecosystems whose management is characterized by family participation, including small
farmers of rural settlements created by Instituto Nacional de Coloniza??o e Reforma Agr?ria
(INCRA). In view of the inclusion of family farming in a field that recently was dominated by
large agribusiness companies, some questions arise about the maintenance of attributes that
characterise this type of family agriculture management. This research aimed to assess the
sustainability of family agroecosystems in S?o Rom?o settlement in Mossor?-RN, cultivated
with melon. The study was conducted by the Framework for Evaluation of Natural Resources
Management Systems Incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS), in ten
agroecosystems of the mentioned settlement. The data were obtained from semi-structured
interviews and field observations, so that the answers, considerations and comments made by
settlers, were widely used to cycle through the six steps of the MESMIS evaluation. As a
result of the work, were determined seven critical points affecting sustainability, being: water
resources, soils, reliance on external inputs, biodiversity, quality of life, family income and
community organizing, from which was derived twenty-three indicators that sought to reflect
the actual state of sustainability of the agroecosystems
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Metodologia de projetos em experimento com sistema de plantio direto da alface / Projects methodology on experiment with direct seeding system of lettuce.Souza, Jos? Adilson Gon?alves de 26 November 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-26 / The full formation of professionals on agricultural area consists on the possibility to insert
pedagogical practices of learning in the Agriculture Technic Course?s students, as a strategic
factor on the sustainable social development of a country, being decisive in the construction of
their cultural, scientific and technological identity. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the
student?s knowledge construction using the Projects Methodology in the direct seeding system
of lettuce, in order to contribute to the knowledge construction of these professionals and also
to provide technological information that will subsidize the increase of lettuce?s production
and quality. The study was managed at IFFluminense ? campus Bom Jesus of Itabapoana-RJ,
with the participation of the students of Concomitant Agriculture Technic Course. So the
experiment with lettuce cultivation on direct seeding system was implanted in two stages: in
the first one, it was done the plantation of plant species for mulch formation and, in the
second stage, 25 days after the plant species lodging, the lettuce seedlings were transplanted.
In the first stage, the mass production of dry matter in the aerial part of the species was
evaluated, while in the second stage it was evaluated the phytosociological survey of weeds
on the 21st day after the transplantation and the lettuce production characteristics. All along
the study, analysis tool was used to monitor the knowledge gains, both transmitted and
acquired, through questionnaires and reports obtained during the conduction of field
experiment with the lettuce cultivation. The highest mass production of dry matter in cover
crops was obtained with the treatment using corn species. The species of cover crops which
promoted greater reduction on weeds infestation, compared to the conventional plantation,
were the following treatments: cowpea + corn; crotalaria + corn; cowpea + wheat. When
checking the weight of fresh mass of the aerial part of the lettuce, the treatments that had
better results were the conventional plantation and the one with crotalaria. When analyzing
the several teaching methods, it was found that the best one was the projects methodology,
with 90% of acceptance. When checking the students? performance level in terms of fulfilling
the objectives that were set to them, in the first and in the second stage of the experiment it
was found that 70% and 90%, respectively, clearly overcame the objectives. The students?
interaction with the project contributed to the construction of learning and socialization with
the practical realities proposal. Therefore, the students observed that the direct seeding system
of the lettuce was viable and efficient in the study, besides having a positive effect on the
productivity and low impact upon the soil and on the environment / A forma??o plena de profissionais da ?rea agr?cola consiste na possibilidade de inserir pr?ticas
pedag?gicas de aprendizagem aos estudantes do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria, como fator
estrat?gico no desenvolvimento social sustent?vel de um pa?s, sendo decisivo na constru??o
da sua identidade cultural, cient?fica e tecnol?gica. Nesse trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a
constru??o de conhecimentos dos discentes utilizando a Metodologia de Projetos no sistema
de plantio direto de alface, de modo a contribuir na constru??o de conhecimento desses
profissionais e, tamb?m, disponibilizar informa??es tecnol?gicas que ir?o subsidiar o aumento
da produ??o e qualidade da alface. O trabalho foi conduzido no IFFluminense ? campus
Bom Jesus do Itabapoana-RJ, com a participa??o dos estudantes do Curso T?cnico em
Agropecu?ria concomitante. Assim, foi implantado um experimento com a cultura de alface
em sistema de plantio direto em duas fases: na primeira fase, foi realizado o plantio de
esp?cies de plantas para forma??o da cobertura morta e, na segunda fase, ap?s 25 dias do
acamamento das esp?cies de plantas, foram transplantadas as mudas de alface. Na primeira
fase, foi avaliada a produ??o de massa de mat?ria seca da parte a?rea das esp?cies. J? na
segunda fase, foram avaliados o levantamento fitossociol?gico das plantas espont?neas, aos
21 dias ap?s o transplantio, e as caracter?sticas de produ??o da alface. Foi utilizado, ao longo
do trabalho, ferramenta de an?lise e acompanhamento de ganhos de conhecimentos
transmitidos e adquiridos atrav?s de question?rio e relat?rios obtidos na condu??o de
experimento de campo com a cultura de alface. A maior produ??o da massa de mat?ria seca
das plantas de cobertura foi com o tratamento da esp?cie de planta milho. As esp?cies de
plantas de cobertura que promoveram maior redu??o da infesta??o de plantas espont?neas, em
rela??o ao plantio convencional, foram os tratamentos feij?o-mi?do + milho; crotal?ria +
milho; feij?o-mi?do + trigo. Ao verificar o peso da massa fresca da parte a?rea da alface, os
tratamentos que apresentaram melhores resultados foram o plantio convencional e a
crotal?ria. Ao analisar os v?rios m?todos de ensino, verificou-se que o melhor m?todo de
aprendizagem foi a metodologia de projetos com 90% aceita??o. Ao verificar o n?vel de
desempenho dos alunos em termos de cumprimento dos objetivos que lhe foram fixados, na
primeira e segunda fase do experimento, constatou-se que 70% e 90%, respectivamente,
superaram claramente os objetivos que foram fixados. A intera??o dos estudantes com o
projeto contribuiu para a constru??o da aprendizagem e socializa??o com a realidade pr?tica
proposta. Assim, os estudantes constataram que o sistema de plantio direto de alface foi vi?vel
e eficiente no estudo e tem efeito positivo na produtividade e baixo impacto sobre o solo e o
ambiente.
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