Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar se, como e quais saberes tem sido mobilizados e/ou produzidos na experiência de leitura, especialmente no que diz respeito à relação entre tais saberes e as atividades de trabalho dos participantes. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com trabalhadores de uma empresa de agropecuária, localizada na cidade de Jaguarão, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e, como procedimento metodológico, foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada com trabalhadores que participam do Programa de Desenvolvimento de Líderes. Este Programa, coordenado pela pesquisadora, realiza entre outras atividades, seminários de leitura com trabalhadores agrícolas. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo à luz da abordagem ergológica, dos conceitos do campo da educação de jovens e adultos e concepções freireanas. Ao longo da dissertação buscou-se o entendimento necessário do contexto no qual estão inseridos os sujeitos. A compreensão da dinâmica da empresa, cenário profissional dos trabalhadores pesquisados, foi alicerçada no marxismo. Todo esse aporte permitiu a adequada exploração das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas. De acordo com os achados, essa dissertação sugere que a prática sistemática de leitura pode estimular a emergência de saberes, além de contribuir para o empoderamento do trabalhador agrícola através do desenvolvimento de uma postura crítica frente ao mundo. / The aim of this study was the investigation of whether, how and what knowledge has been mobilized and / or produced in the reading experience, especially with regard to the relationship between such knowledge and the work activities of the participants. The research was developed with workers from a farming company, located in Jaguarão, small city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. This is a qualitative research and as a methodological procedure, semi-structured interviews with workers who participate in the Leadership Development Program. This program, coordinated by the researcher conducts activities including seminars reading with agricultural workers. Data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis in the light of ergological approach, from the concepts from the field of youth and adult education and freirean concepts. Throughout the dissertation, we sought the necessary understanding of the context which are inserted those subject. The understanding the dynamics of the company, professional scene of the workers surveyed, was grounded in Marxism. All this input enabled adequate exploration of the responses obtained in the interviews. According to the results, this dissertation suggests that the systematic practice of reading can stimulate the emergence of knowledge and contribute to the empowerment of agricultural workers by developing a critical stance toward the world.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar se, como e quais saberes tem sido mobilizados e/ou produzidos na experiência de leitura, especialmente no que diz respeito à relação entre tais saberes e as atividades de trabalho dos participantes. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com trabalhadores de uma empresa de agropecuária, localizada na cidade de Jaguarão, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e, como procedimento metodológico, foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada com trabalhadores que participam do Programa de Desenvolvimento de Líderes. Este Programa, coordenado pela pesquisadora, realiza entre outras atividades, seminários de leitura com trabalhadores agrícolas. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo à luz da abordagem ergológica, dos conceitos do campo da educação de jovens e adultos e concepções freireanas. Ao longo da dissertação buscou-se o entendimento necessário do contexto no qual estão inseridos os sujeitos. A compreensão da dinâmica da empresa, cenário profissional dos trabalhadores pesquisados, foi alicerçada no marxismo. Todo esse aporte permitiu a adequada exploração das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas. De acordo com os achados, essa dissertação sugere que a prática sistemática de leitura pode estimular a emergência de saberes, além de contribuir para o empoderamento do trabalhador agrícola através do desenvolvimento de uma postura crítica frente ao mundo. / The aim of this study was the investigation of whether, how and what knowledge has been mobilized and / or produced in the reading experience, especially with regard to the relationship between such knowledge and the work activities of the participants. The research was developed with workers from a farming company, located in Jaguarão, small city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. This is a qualitative research and as a methodological procedure, semi-structured interviews with workers who participate in the Leadership Development Program. This program, coordinated by the researcher conducts activities including seminars reading with agricultural workers. Data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis in the light of ergological approach, from the concepts from the field of youth and adult education and freirean concepts. Throughout the dissertation, we sought the necessary understanding of the context which are inserted those subject. The understanding the dynamics of the company, professional scene of the workers surveyed, was grounded in Marxism. All this input enabled adequate exploration of the responses obtained in the interviews. According to the results, this dissertation suggests that the systematic practice of reading can stimulate the emergence of knowledge and contribute to the empowerment of agricultural workers by developing a critical stance toward the world.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar se, como e quais saberes tem sido mobilizados e/ou produzidos na experiência de leitura, especialmente no que diz respeito à relação entre tais saberes e as atividades de trabalho dos participantes. A pesquisa se desenvolveu com trabalhadores de uma empresa de agropecuária, localizada na cidade de Jaguarão, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e, como procedimento metodológico, foi utilizada entrevista semiestruturada com trabalhadores que participam do Programa de Desenvolvimento de Líderes. Este Programa, coordenado pela pesquisadora, realiza entre outras atividades, seminários de leitura com trabalhadores agrícolas. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo à luz da abordagem ergológica, dos conceitos do campo da educação de jovens e adultos e concepções freireanas. Ao longo da dissertação buscou-se o entendimento necessário do contexto no qual estão inseridos os sujeitos. A compreensão da dinâmica da empresa, cenário profissional dos trabalhadores pesquisados, foi alicerçada no marxismo. Todo esse aporte permitiu a adequada exploração das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas. De acordo com os achados, essa dissertação sugere que a prática sistemática de leitura pode estimular a emergência de saberes, além de contribuir para o empoderamento do trabalhador agrícola através do desenvolvimento de uma postura crítica frente ao mundo. / The aim of this study was the investigation of whether, how and what knowledge has been mobilized and / or produced in the reading experience, especially with regard to the relationship between such knowledge and the work activities of the participants. The research was developed with workers from a farming company, located in Jaguarão, small city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. This is a qualitative research and as a methodological procedure, semi-structured interviews with workers who participate in the Leadership Development Program. This program, coordinated by the researcher conducts activities including seminars reading with agricultural workers. Data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis in the light of ergological approach, from the concepts from the field of youth and adult education and freirean concepts. Throughout the dissertation, we sought the necessary understanding of the context which are inserted those subject. The understanding the dynamics of the company, professional scene of the workers surveyed, was grounded in Marxism. All this input enabled adequate exploration of the responses obtained in the interviews. According to the results, this dissertation suggests that the systematic practice of reading can stimulate the emergence of knowledge and contribute to the empowerment of agricultural workers by developing a critical stance toward the world.

The general subject of this thesis is about farm labor intermediaries who are important not only because they are transferring and organizing seasonal agricultural work but also they have social relations and interactions with other actors of seasonal agricultural work. This analysis elaborates multi dimensional relations of farm labor intermediaries and construction and reproduction of these relations. These social relations which can be accepted also as social capital and their nature are important for both understanding farm labor intermediaries and seasonal agricultural work in Turkey. Adana is determined as research field because of its long history about seasonal agricultural work. Moreover, changes and transformations in terms of social and agricultural structure taking place in Adana for 20 years are very important factors with regard to understand how farm labour intermediaries reproduce social relations. Labor intermediaries are the people who are providing and organizing seasonal labor force demanded by employers in labor intense agricultural production in different regions of Turkey. Delegate, backer, or sarge is the some local names of intermediaries using in Turkey. As it can be understood from the function of labor intermediary, it is arbiter between employer and worker. Family, relatives, friends and neighbors are seen as the labor force resources of intermediaries. From the eyes of the seasonal agricultural workers, intermediaries are not only the people who are finding job for them but also they are the people who meet their basic needs. This is very crucial point, since seasonal agricultural labor force is supplied from very poor regions in Turkey. At the same time intermediaries are important actors for employers due to their controlling functions of agricultural work process. However, the relationship between intermediary and employer is simply defined as business where mutual interests are important. In this context labor intermediation in Turkey has lots of meaning other than finding job for workers and worker for employers. Labor intermediation is a legal job which is controlled and regulated by law. However, both pervious researches and this study demonstrate that this job is mostly executed as informal. The main determinant factor for this informal execution of the job can be related with working style of intermediaries, namely, face to face social relations that has been institutionalized within time.

Background The remarkably efficient mechanisms of the human body to maintain its core temperature of 37°C can be inadequate when harsh climatic conditions and excessive muscle movement lead to heat stress, dehydration and potential heat illness, ranging from minor symptoms such as fatigue to a potentially fatal heat stroke. Agricultural workers in the tropics are at high risk, which is expected to increase with climate change. Sugarcane harvesting in Costa Rica is largely done by cutting the cane with a machete, by temporary, sub-contracted workers who are often migrants and living in poverty. Sugarcane harvesters are known to be affected by an epidemic of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin, currently hypothesized to be related to working conditions. Objectives This work aimed to better understand and document sugarcane harvester exposure to heat and the health consequences of working under such conditions. Specific objectives were to 1) Document working conditions and heat in the Costa Rican sugarcane industry (Paper I); 2) Quantify heat stress exposures faced by sugarcane harvesters in Costa Rica (Paper II); and 3) Quantify the occurrence of heat stress symptoms and abnormal urinary parameters in sugarcane workers in Costa Rica (Papers III and IV). Methods This study took place over three harvests following a pilot assessment prior to the first harvest. Methods included direct observation, semi-structured interviews with 24 individuals and a participatory workshop with 8 harvesters about heat-related perceptions, exposures and coping strategies during the harvest and non-harvest season (Pilot). Researchers accompanied workers in the field during all three harvests, measured wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and conducted direct observation. Heat exposure assessment was conducted by calculating metabolic load, WBGT and corresponding limit values based on international guidelines (NTP and OSHA) (Harvest 1). Self-reported symptom data were collected using orally-administered questionnaires from 106 sugarcane harvesters and 63 non-harvesters from the same company (Harvest 2). Chi-square test and gamma statistic were used to evaluate differences in self-reported symptoms and trends over heat exposure categories. Finally, liquid consumption during the work shift was documented and urinalysis was conducted pre-and post-shift in 48 sugarcane harvesters on three days; differences were assessed with McNemar´s test on paired proportions (Harvest 3). Results Sugarcane workers in both the harvest and non-harvest seasons are exposed to heat, but particularly during the harvest season. Field workers have to carry their own water to the field and often have no access to shade. Some plantworkers are also exposed to intense heat. The metabolic load of sugarcane harvesting was determined to be 261 W/m2. The corresponding threshold value is 26 ◦C WBGT, above which workers should decrease work load or take breaks to avoid the risk of heat stress. Harvesters in this study were at risk of heat stress as early as 7:15 am on some mornings and by 9:00 am on all mornings. After 9:15 am, OSHA recommendations would require that harvesters only work at full effort 25% of each hour to avoid heat stress. Heat and dehydration symptoms at least once per week were experienced significantly more frequently among harvesters than non-harvesters (p<0.05): headache, tachycardia, fever, nausea, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and dysuria. Percentages of workers reporting heat and dehydration-related symptoms increased over increasing heat exposure categories. Total liquid consumed ranged from 1 to 9 L and differed over days (median 5.0, 4.0 and 3.25 on days 1, 2 and 3 respectively). On these same days, the two principle indicators of dehydration: high USG (≥1.025) and low pH (≤5), changed significantly from pre to post-shift (p=0.000 and p=0.012).Proportions of workers with proteinuria >30 mg/dL, and blood, leucocytes and casts in urine were also significantly different between pre and post-shift samples at the group level, but unlike USG and pH, these alterations were more frequent in the pre-shift sample. 85% of workers presented with proteinuria at least once and 52% had at least one post-shift USG indicative of dehydration. Conclusion Heat exposure is an important occupational health risk for sugarcane workers according to international standards. A large percentage of harvesters experience symptoms consistent with heat exhaustion throughout the harvest season. Pre and post-shift urine samples demonstrate dehydration and other abnormal findings. The results of this study demonstrate an urgent need to improve working conditions for sugarcane harvesters both under current conditions and in adaptation plans for future climate change.

While agricultural work is hazardous for all workers, migrant workers face additional challenges that make them more vulnerable than domestic workers. The lack of access to permanent immigration status in the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) and the agricultural stream of the Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP) makes workers’ jobs hinge on retaining their employers’ favour and creates a particular type of job insecurity that overshadows their behaviour, decisions, and agency to assert their rights for safe and healthy workplaces and workers’ compensation. While researchers argue that the TFWP competes with the SAWP as employers search for the cheapest and most docile workers, less research has examined whether workers’ health and safety exposures and experiences differ within the two programs. Drawing primarily from interviews with advocates and system stakeholders and participant observation at advocate-organized events, this research will offer preliminary answers to discovering whether the programs pose different obstacles to improving health and safety and access to compensation that affect migrant workers’ experiences in Ontario before and after injury. The research will help gather information about possible avenues to improve the health and safety of migrant workers given how the two programs operate within both federal and provincial frameworks. Advocates’ experience assisting workers in both programs offers important insights about whether differences between the programs create particular vulnerabilities for some migrant workers. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This research identifies opportunities and barriers that migrant agricultural workers and their advocates face in improving occupational health and safety and access to workers' compensation in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and the agricultural stream of the Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP). Through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document review, the research will help identify whether interplay between the programs causes additional vulnerabilities for some workers. The research will help gather information about possible avenues to improve the health and safety of migrant workers given how the two programs operate in a federal and provincial framework.

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