Compreender o que pensam os visitantes do portador de aids é um tema de pesquisa relevante, no contexto de uma prática de saúde na qual se pressupõe uma participação ativa daqueles que recebem o cuidado. Este estudo abordou, através de entrevistas individuais, semi-estruturadas, dez visitantes de clientes com aids, internados em uma unidade especializada, de um hospital geral, com o objetivo que compreender os sentimentos dos familiares e amigos que visitavam uma pessoa próxima portadora. A caracterização desses visitantes mostrou que a maioria deles é mulher com vínculos de consangüinidade com o portador: mãe, irmã, tia, entre outros. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada com base no referencial teórico-metodológico das representações sociais e centrou-se em categorias prévias que circunscreveram o tempo que cerca a construção dessas representações, quais sejam: tempo longo, tempo vivido e tempo curto. No contexto do tempo longo, apareceram conteúdos de construção da representação da aids que remeteram a questões, como estigma, preconceito e morte. No contexto do tempo vivido, foram representadas as razões para a manutenção e/ou reatamento dos vínculos entre visitante e portador, sustentadas nas relações de dar, receber e retribuir, que são os fundamentos da solidariedade entre essas pessoas. No contexto do tempo curto, apareceram os significados do adoecimento e suas repercussões imediatas na vida dos participantes. Reitera-se, aqui, a importância destes achados tendo em vista a demanda que se impõe aos profissionais da saúde, de um modo geral, que atuam junto a portadores de doenças cujo tratamento estende-se por um período longo de tempo e com os quais têm grande proximidade. / Understanding the visitor’s feelings is an important research topic inside a practice of health that assumes an active participation that receive the care. This estudy approached in individuals interviews, ten visitors of people with aids, commited in a special unit of a general hospital, with the goal of comprehending the feelings of family and friends that visited a close sick person. The carahacterization of theses visitors showed tha maiority us woman with blood reation with client: mothers, uncles, sisters and other people. The interview analysis was conducted based on theorical-methodological reference of social representation and principal points in previous cathegories that limited the theme about construction of these representations: long time, life time and short time. In the context of long time contents of construction of aid’s representation appear, that take questions like stigma, preconception and death. In the content of life time we presented razions of maintence or treatment of visitor relation with client, supported in relations of giving, receiving, retributing, based solidarity with these people. In the context of a life of participants. This result is important because of demand to health profissionales, that work theses clients, whose treatment lasts for a long time and withwhom has much proximity.

Atualmente, estimativas da Organização das Nações Unidas para Prevenção e Controle da Aids (UNAids), apontam para a existência de mais de 40 milhões de soropositivos no mundo. Sendo a adolescência uma fase que se caracteriza pela expressão mais efetiva da sexualidade e dos impulsos sexuais em função da maturidade sexual, estes vêm constituindo-se grupo prioritário nas ações de prevenção. Nesse contexto, a Coordenação Nacional de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis/AIDS (CN-DST/AIDS) e o Ministério do Exército do Brasil, firmaram em 1996, um convênio visando ações na área de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST)/aids junto às Forças Armadas. O presente estudo objetivou investigar e compreender aspectos relacionados à vulnerabilidade às IST/aids entre atiradores do serviço militar obrigatório, bem como caracterizar a população nos aspectos pertinentes às condições socioeconômicas, práticas sexuais, ocorrência de IST e prevenção às IST/aids, com vistas a uma apreciação sociocomportamental. Para tanto o presente estudo constitui-se do tipo survey, o qual permite a obtenção de informações quanto à prevalência, distribuição e inter-relação de variáveis no âmbito de uma população. Dentre os resultados, destacam-se: 36,5% com idade de 18 anos; 64,7% com segundo grau de escolaridade completo; 23,5% pertencem aos estratos sociais “C" e “D"; 88,2% referem já ter vivenciada a primeira relação sexual; 53,3% não fizeram uso do preservativo na última vez que praticaram coito oral; 28% não utilizaram preservativo na última vez que praticaram coito vaginal ou anal; 3,5% já apresentaram corrimento, feridas, verrugas ou bolhas em seus órgãos genitais; 56,5% desejam receber orientações sobre IST/aids de profissionais de saúde; 54,1% consideram o fato de manter relações sexuais com quem confiam uma barreira no uso do preservativo; 71,8% percebem como sendo nula ou baixa a vulnerabilidade pessoal ao HIV. Os dados sociocomportamentais apresentados demonstram a vulnerabilidade às IST/aids entre os atiradores estudados, assim evidenciando a necessidade de ações de educação em saúde junto aos mesmos. / Nowadays, the estimations of the United Nations Agency on Aids show the existence of more than 40 million persons infected in the world. As the adolescence is the phase characterized by the most effective expression of sexuality and sexual impulses in the function of sexual maturity, the prevention actions prioritize this group. In this sense, the National Coordination for Sexually Transmitted Diseases/AIDS (CN-DST/AIDS) and the Brazilian Army established in 1996 an agreement with the purpose to develop actions in the area of Sexually Transmitted Infections/aids with the Brazilian Forces. This study aimed to examine and understand aspects of vulnerability to STI/aids among shooters in obligatory military service, as well as to characterize the population with respect to socio-economic conditions, sexual practices, occurrence of STI and prevention of STI/aids, with a view to obtaining a socio-behavioral evaluation. Hence, this survey allowed us to collect information on the prevalence, distribution and interrelation among variables in the sphere of a population. Results showed: 36.5% are 18 years old; 64.7% completed high school; 23.5% are from “C" and “D" social classes; 88.2% have had their first sexual intercourse; 53.3% did not use preservatives during their last oral sex ; 28% did not use preservative in their last vaginal or anal intercourse; 3.5% already presented discharge, wounds, warts or blister in their genital organs; 56.5% would like to receive orientations on STI/aids from health professionals; 54,1% consider that the fact that they maintain sexual intercourse with some one they trust is a barrier to use preservatives; 71.8% perceive as zero or low their personal vulnerability to HIV. The socio behavioral data showed a vulnerability to STI/aids among the shooters studied, confirming the need for health education directed to them.

Since the 1990s, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has increasingly impacted minority groups in the United States, particularly African Americans. Why is this happening? Comparative studies of developing nations have convincingly established a relationship between concentrated poverty, ethnic boundaries, and lack of effective governmental response as contributing to high levels of infection in those countries. To date, however, no study has sought to apply these insights to the American context. This dissertation endeavors to show that, first, marginalization of U.S. sub-groups most at risk of infection is largely a product of poor health outcomes associated with concentrated urban poverty and economic stratification. Second, this sub-group marginalization is exacerbated by the politics of retrenchment which increasingly privatizes risks onto individuals, states, and non-governmental providers. The net result of these changes is a U.S. health care system too fractured to recognize and respond to changes in HIV/AIDS demographics.

Este estudo objetivou analisar e comparar a incorporação psicossocial do HIV/AIDS entre adolescentes soropositivos considerando os diferentes meios de transmissão: vertical e sexual. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na teoria das representações sociais, na perspectiva da Psicologia Social. Foram estudados 30 adolescentes soropositivos atendidos em um Hospital Universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizada como técnica de coleta de dados entrevistas semi-estruturadas e dois instrumentos de coleta: um questionário de caracterização dos sujeitos e um roteiro temático que guiou as entrevistas. As entrevistas foram gravadas e os conteúdos transcritos e analisados conforme a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. O resultado evidenciou que o significado do HIV/AIDS para os sujeitos, numa análise geral, é marcado predominantemente por sentimentos negativos como medo e sofrimento. Imagens comuns aos dois grupos foram da morte e destruição, assim como o preconceito foi um importante conteúdo representacional. Ao comparar os dois grupos percebe-se que os elementos mais presentes na representação de adolescentes contaminados por relação sexual são sofrimento e o medo, com uma dimensão imagética associada à morte. O uso do preservativo também é outro conteúdo representacional marcante nos discursos deste grupo. A sexualidade está incorporada na representação relacionada às dificuldades com a mesma pós descoberta do vírus. Já os adolescentes contaminados por transmissão vertical tiveram como elementos mais presentes a aceitação e conformação da doença. O tratamento torna-se um importante conteúdo da representação para este grupo, relacionando-o ao cuidado à saúde e a imunodeficiência. Conclui-se, então, que a escolha do estudo das representações sociais e das técnicas de análise utilizadas foram pertinentes, pois permitiram identificar os principais elementos constituintes da representação social do HIV/AIDS, comparando as diferenças representacionais nos dois grupos de adolescentes estudados. Estes resultados servirão para reflexão crítica de profissionais de saúde , tanto na contribuição para repensar estratégias de educação em saúde para prevenção de DST/AIDS, quanto no posicionamento diante de adolescentes soropositivos. / This study aimed to analyze and make a comparison between the HIV / AIDS psychosocial incorporation among HIV-positive adolescents in two different ways of transmission: sexual and vertical. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on the theory of social representations in social psychology perspective. Thirty HIV-positive adolescents treated at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro were studied . It was used as a technique for data collection semi-structured interviews and two data collection instruments: a questionnaire for the characterization of the subjects and a thematic guide who guided the interviews. The interviews were taped, transcribed and content analyzed according to the thematic content analysis technique. The study result showed that the meaning of HIV / AIDS for the subjects, a general review, is marked by predominantly negative feelings like fear and suffering. Some mental images like death and destruction were common to both groups as well as the bias against HIV / AIDS and it was an important representational content. By comparing the two groups it is possible to realize that the most frequently shown elements in the representation of adolescents infected through sexual intercourse are suffering and fear, with a dimension imagery associated with death. Condom use is also another remarkable representational content in the speeches of this group. Sexuality is embodied in the representation related to issues with it after discovering the virus. In the opposite way, teenagers infected by vertical transmission had as the most present and shaping elements the acceptance of the disease. The treatment becomes an important content of representation for this group, relating it to health care and immunodeficiency. It follows then that the choice of study of social representations and analysis techniques used were appropriated, since it allowed to identify the main components of the social representation of HIV / AIDS, comparing the representational differences in the two groups of adolescents studied. These results serve to critical reflection of health professionals, both in contribution to rethink strategies for health education to prevent STD / AIDS, and in attitudes towards adolescents with HIV.

Thesis (M.Cur.) --University of Limpopo, 2011

No description available.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).

Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

This study presents a history of the Canadian AIDS Society (CAS), which began as an informal network of 16 local AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) in 1986 and grew to 120 member organizations by the time of the renewal of Phase III of the National AIDS Strategy in late 1998. There are two main objectives of the study: (1) to look at why the organizational forms of the collection of groups evolved as they did; (2) to examine the outcomes and effectiveness of these organizational forms for CAS and its member organizations. / Interviews were conducted with founding members of CAS and later staff and activists. Members of a subsection of local General Service Organizations (GSOs) were interviewed regarding group relationships to CAS and involvement with other organizations in their communities. Documentary research on materials produced by CAS (now publicly available in the AIDS Committee of Toronto library) was carried out. Some documentation was also available for local organizations. The Globe and Mail index was used to research CAS national level work. / This dissertation uses the concepts network, coalition and umbrella organization to develop an understanding of why CAS formalized and the positive and negative outcomes of this for member groups and the organization itself. The issues of insider/outsider organization, motivation, identity, framing and ideology are discussed in relation to their impact on both CAS and a subsection of member organizations. / CAS developed as a network, coalition, and umbrella organization. This evolution was in response to the purpose and goals of CAS at a national level, Ottawa based representative of member organizations interacting with the government and gathering and producing information useful to local work. CAS became increasingly formalized over the period under study, seeking and gaining access to government and other elites, as at least a semi-insider organization.

This thesis is concerned with AIDS cultural activism. Specifically, it examines artistic responses to the medical/scientific image of HIV that circulates widely in the mainstream press. Examples of AIDS science reporting that focus on the medical/scientific image of HIV are selected from popular American news journals. It is argued that science and journalism are different and mutually dependent domains of knowledge, neither of which can be examined without the other. AIDS activist art engages with the relationship between science and the media and offers alternatives to the authority offered in science reporting. In the author's closing remarks, it is stated that AIDS activist art addresses not only the AIDS crisis but challenges the entire ideological apparatus upon which popular representations of illness are based.