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Understanding change : an intellectual and practical study of military innovation : U.S. Army antiaircraft artillery and the battle for legitimacy, 1917-1945 /Greenwald, Bryon E. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 407-518). Also available online.
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PARAMETERS AFFECTING MENTAL WORKLOAD AND THE NUMBER OF SIMULATED UCAVS THAT CAN BE EFFECTIVELY SUPERVISEDCalkin, Bryan A. 18 April 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Mitigating the MANPADS threat : International Agency, U.S., and Russian efforts /Bartak, John R. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Mikhail Tsypkin, Edward J. Laurance. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-79). Also available online.
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Modelling weapon assignment as a multiobjective decision problemLotter, Daniel Petrus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a ground-based air defense (GBAD) military environment, defended assets on the ground require
protection from enemy aircraft entering the defended airspace. These aircraft are detected
by means of a network of sensors and protection is afforded by means of a pre-deployment of
various ground-based weapon systems. A fire control officer is responsible for deciding upon an
assignment of weapon systems to those aircraft classified as threats. The problem is therefore
to find the best set of weapon systems to assign to the threats, based on some pre-specified
criterion or set of criteria. This problem is known as the weapon assignment problem.
The conditions under which the fire control officer has to operate are typically extremely stressful.
A lack of time is a severely constraining factor, and the fire control officer has to propose
an assignment of weapon systems to threats based on his limited knowledge and intuition, with
little time for analysis and no room for error. To aid the fire control officer in this difficult
decision, a computerised threat evaluation and weapon assignment (TEWA) decision support
system is typically employed. In such a decision support system a threat evaluation subsystem
is responsible for classifying aircraft in the defended airspace as threats and prioritising
them with respect to elimination, whereas a weapon assignment subsystem is responsible for
proposing weapon assignments to engage these threats.
The aim in this thesis is to model the weapon assignment problem as a multiobjective decision
problem. A list of relevant objectives is extracted by means of feedback received from a weapon
assignment questionnaire which was completed by a number of military experts. By using two
of these objectives, namely the cost of assigning weapon systems and the accumulated single
shot hit probability, for illustrative purposes, a bi-objective weapon assignment model is derived
and solved by means of three multiobjective optimisation methodologies from the literature in
the context of a simulated, but realistic, GBAD scenario.
The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is implemented by means of assessments carried out in
conjunction with a military expert. The assignment of weapon systems to threats is achieved
by means of a greedy assignment heuristic and an AHP assignment model. Both these methods
provide plausible results in the form of high quality assignments achieving an acceptable tradeoff
between the two decision objectives. However, a disadvantage of the AHP approach is that
it is inflexible in the sense that a large portion of its pre-assessments have to be reiterated if
the set of weapon systems and/or threats is adapted or updated.
A bi-objective additive utility function solution approach to the weapon assignment problem
is also developed as a result of various assessments having been carried out in conjunction
with a military expert. The assignment of weapon systems to threats is again achieved by
means of a greedy assignment heuristic and a utility assignment model. Both these methods
again provide high quality assignments of weapon systems to threats, achieving an acceptable
trade-off between the two decision objectives. However, a disadvantage of the utility function
approach is that if additional weapon systems are added to the current set of weapon systems, which achieve objective function values outside the current ranges of the values employed, new
utility functions have to be determined for the relevant objective function. Moreover, both the
AHP and utility function approaches are also constrained by generating only one solution at a
time.
A final solution approach considered is the implementation of a multiobjective evolutionary
metaheuristic, known as the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). This
approach provides very promising results with respect to high quality assignments of weapon
systems to threats. It is also flexible in the sense that additional weapon systems and threats
may be added to the current sets without the need of considerable additional computations or
significant model changes. A further advantage of this approach is that it is able to provide an
entire front of approximately pareto optimal solutions to the fire control officer. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ’n militêre grond-gebaseerde lugafweeromgewing vereis bates op die grond beskerming teen
vyandelike vliegtuie wat die beskermde lugruim binnedring. Hierdie vliegtuie word deur middel
van ’n netwerk van sensors waargeneem en deur middel van ’n ontplooing van ’n verskeidenheid
grond-gebaseerde wapenstelsels afgeweer. ’n Afvuur-beheer operateur is verantwoordelik vir die
besluit om wapenstelsels aan vliegtuie wat as bedreigings geklassifiseer is, toe te wys. Die
onderliggende probleem is dus om die beste stel wapens, volgens ’n voorafbepaalde kriterium
of ’n stel kriteria, aan die bedreigings toe te wys. Hierdie probleem staan as die wapentoewysingsprobleem
bekend.
Die toestande waaronder die afvuur-beheer operateur besluite ten opsigte van wapentoewysings
maak, is besonder stresvol. ’n Gebrek aan tyd is ’n uiters beperkende faktor, en die afvuurbeheer
operateur moet gevolglik binne ’n tydspan wat weinige analise en geen ruimte vir foute
toelaat, wapentoewysings volgens sy beperkte kennis en intuïsie maak. ’n Gerekenariseerde
bedreigingsafskatting-en-wapentoekenningstelsel kan gebruik word om die operateur met besluitsteun
te bedien. In sò ’n besluitsteunstelsel is ’n bedreigingsafskattingdeelstelsel verantwoordelik
om vliegtuie wat die beskermde lugruim binnedring as bedreigings of andersins te klassifiseer en
ten opsigte van eliminasie te prioritiseer, terwyl ’n wapentoewyingsdeelstelsel verantwoordelik is
om wapentoewysings aan die bedreigings voor te stel.
Die hoofdoel in hierdie tesis is om die wapentoewysingsprobleem as ’n multikriteria-besluitnemingsprobleem
te modelleer. ’n Lys van relevante doelwitte is met behulp van ’n wapentoewysingsvraelys
verkry wat aan militêre kenners vir voltooing uitgestuur is. Twee van hierdie
doelwitte, naamlik toewysingskoste en geakkumuleerde enkelskoot-trefwaarskynlikheid, is vir
illustratiewe doeleindes gebruik om ’n twee-doelwit wapentoewysingsprobleem te formuleer wat
met behulp van drie multikriteria-besluitnemingsmetodologië uit die literatuur in die konteks
van ’n realistiese, gesimuleerde grond-gebaseerde lugafweerscenario opgelos word.
Die analitiese hiërargiese proses (AHP) is met behulp van assesserings in samewerking met ’n
militêre kenner geïmplementeer. Die toewysing van wapenstelsels is met behulp van ’n gulsige
toewysingsheuristiek asook aan die hand van ’n AHP-toewysingsmodel bepaal. Beide hierdie
metodes is in staat om resultate van hoë gehalte te behaal wat ’n aanvaarbare afruiling tussen
die twee doelwitte verteenwoordig. ’n Nadeel van die AHP is egter dat dit onbuigsaam is in die
sin dat ’n groot hoeveelheid vooraf-assesserings herhaal moet word indien meer wapenstelsels
en/of bedreigings by die huidige sisteem gevoeg word.
’n Twee-doelwit additiewe nutsfunksiebenadering tot die wapentoewysingsprobleem is ook met
behulp van velerlei assesserings in samewerking met ’n militêre kenner ontwikkel. Die toewysings
is weereens met behulp van ’n gulsige wapentoewysingsheuristiek asook ’n nutstoewysingsmodel
bepaal. Beide hierdie metodes is ook in staat om resultate van hoë gehalte te behaal wat ’n
aanvaarbare afruiling tussen die twee doelwitte verteenwoordig. ’n Nadeel van die nutsfunksiebenadering
is egter dat indien addisionele wapenstelsels by die huidige stel wapenstelsels gevoeg word, en indien die waardes van hierdie addisionele wapenstelsels buite die grense van die doelfunksiewaardes
van die huidige wapenstelsels val, daar ’n nuwe nutsfunksie vir die relevante
doelwit van voor af bereken moet word. Beide die AHP- en die nutsfunksiebenaderings is
verder tot die lewering van slegs een oplossing op ’n slag beperk.
Laastens is ’n multikriteria evolusionêre metaheuristiek (die NSGA II) geïmplementeer wat ook
goeie resultate in terme van hoë-gehalte toewysings van wapenstelsels aan bedreigings lewer.
Die voordeel van hierdie benadering is dat dit buigsaam is in die sin dat die getal wapenstelsels
en bedreigings in die huidige sisteem aangepas kan word sonder om noemenswaardig meer
berekeninge of groot modelveranderinge teweeg te bring. ’n Verdere voordeel is dat die metaheuristiese
benadering daartoe in staat is om ’n front van benaderde pareto-optimale oplossings
gelyktydig te lewer.
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North American security cooperation : prospects for growth /Heredia, Mark L. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Denver, 2006. / "November 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-291).
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Bombing and Air Defense in China, 1932–1941: War, Politics, ArchitectureThompson III, John Buchman January 2022 (has links)
This dissertation traces the emergence of the air raid shelter as the paradigmatic architecture of air defense under the Nationalist Party government in China during the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–1945). More broadly, it explores how air defense in general became an integral technology for the Nationalists’ “war of resistance and reconstruction” (kangzhan jianguo), a fascist project derived from total war, the globally circulating military-political idea that modern wars would enlist the entire populations and economies of nations in warfare while subjecting national populations and infrastructures to equally comprehensive violence.
The Nationalists joined the world in confronting aerial bombing after the Empire of Japan bombed Shanghai in 1932. In response, the government and its military constructed air defense, a political and technological complex combining mass mobilization, through air raid drills and air defense organizations, with material technologies, like searchlights, anti-aircraft guns, and bomb shelters. The Nationalists found in air defense more than a military technology. To them, it also offered a set of tools and resources for fortifying their flailing attempts to unite China in a common national project, and even recasting the substance of that project. Air defense could forge a new society that invested all Chinese people in war as a necessary precondition for overcoming China’s colonial subjection. Where democratic institutions collapsed and appeals to common heritage and customs failed, the Nationalists used air defense to turn survival (shengcun) into the bedrock value of the national community.
Meanwhile, a group of young architects associated with the journal Xin jianzhu in Canton identified air defense as an organizing problem for the nascent professional field of architecture. Rather than the stale historicism endorsed in Nanjing, and against China’s craft building traditions, the group championed modernist architecture, especially the International Style, whose principles of simplicity, functionalism, and rationality they saw as necessary for building modern, industrial, and hygienic Chinese cities capable of enhancing human life. Moreover, they argued that the technological instrumentality informing modernism made it the only style capable of preserving Chinese cities and people from modern threats like bombing. After the fall of Canton in 1938, members of the group took their mission to Chongqing, where they joined the Nationalist government in building air defenses in the wartime capital.
In particular, this dissertation argues that the air raid shelter and air defense focused contradictions in the Nationalists’ fascist project for uniting and revolutionizing China as it traveled to Chongqing following the Nationalist escape from Japan’s invasion of the coast. Over the course of the War of Resistance, the principal technology of air defense shifted away from mass mobilization, as the Nationalists came to administer refugees and displaced people they had never governed before, and became located in infrastructure like city plans and air raid shelters. Air defense served to exclude surplus populations like women and the elderly, rendered redundant according to the state’s wartime needs for industrial production and conscripts, by dispersing them in satellite settlements outside the city, from which they constantly returned in search of work or material goods. Shoddy air raid shelters, in the meantime, revealed the fragile biology of real bodies beneath the fascist fantasy of the heroic political subject, as shelters failed to provide for basic needs like respiration. Over time, these two problems collided, as the state closed shelters in the city to dispersed people, exposing surplus populations to bombing, while civilians also languished in shelters that could still kill them. The goal of building national unity through survival collapsed into a confusion of inclusion and exclusion, life and death, with disastrous results, like the asphyxiation of around one thousand people in Chongqing’s largest public air raid shelter in June 1941. In these circumstances, professionals like the Cantonese architects and new state regulatory bodies produced proposals and standards for building better shelters, offering a technological resolution of air defense’s political contradictions and consolidating the transformation of air defense into a technical expertise.
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Bombing and Air Defense in China, 1932–1941: War, Politics, ArchitectureThompson III, John B. January 2022 (has links)
This dissertation traces the emergence of the air raid shelter as the paradigmatic architecture of air defense under the Nationalist Party government in China during the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–1945). More broadly, it explores how air defense in general became an integral part of the Nationalists’ “war of resistance and reconstruction” (kangzhan jianguo), a fascist project derived from total war, the globally circulating military-political idea holding that modern warfare would enlist entire nations and their economies in war while also subjecting them to comprehensive enemy violence.
The Nationalists joined the world in confronting aerial bombing after the Empire of Japan bombed Shanghai in 1932. In response, the government and its military constructed air defense, a political and technological complex combining mass mobilization, through air raid drills and air defense organizations, with material technologies, like searchlights, anti-aircraft guns, and bomb shelters. The Nationalists found in air defense more than a military technology. To them, it also offered a set of tools and resources for fortifying their flailing attempts to unite China in a common national project, and even recasting the substance of that project. Air defense could forge a new society that invested all Chinese people in war as a necessary precondition for overcoming China’s colonial subjection. Where democratic institutions collapsed and appeals to common heritage and customs failed, the Nationalists used air defense to turn survival (shengcun) into the bedrock value of the national community.
Meanwhile, a group of young architects associated with the journal Xin jianzhu in Canton identified air defense as an organizing problem for the nascent professional field of architecture. Rather than the stale historicism endorsed in Nanjing, and against China’s craft building traditions, the group championed modernist architecture, especially the International Style, whose principles of simplicity, functionalism, and rationality they saw as necessary for building modern, industrial, and hygienic Chinese cities capable of enhancing human life. Moreover, they argued that the technological instrumentality informing modernism made it the only style capable of preserving Chinese cities and people from modern threats like bombing. After the fall of Canton in 1938, members of the group took their mission to Chongqing, where they joined the Nationalist government in building air defenses in the wartime capital.
In particular, this dissertation argues that the air raid shelter and air defense focused contradictions in the Nationalists’ fascist project for uniting and revolutionizing China as it traveled to Chongqing following the Nationalist escape from Japan’s invasion of the coast. Over the course of the war, the principal technology of air defense shifted away from mass mobilization, as the Nationalists came to administer refugees and displaced people they had never governed before, and became located in infrastructure like city plans and air raid shelters. Air defense served to exclude surplus populations like women and the elderly, rendered redundant according to the state’s wartime needs for industrial production and conscripts, by dispersing them in satellite settlements outside the city, from which they constantly returned in search of work or material goods. Shoddy air raid shelters, in the meantime, revealed the fragile biology of real bodies beneath the fascist fantasy of the heroic political subject, as shelters failed to provide for basic needs like respiration. Over time, these two problems collided, as the state closed shelters in the city to dispersed people, exposing surplus populations to bombing, while civilians also languished in shelters that could still kill them. The goal of building national unity through survival collapsed into a confusion of inclusion and exclusion, life and death, with disastrous results, like the asphyxiation of around one thousand people in Chongqing’s largest public air raid shelter in June 1941. In these circumstances, professionals like the Cantonese architects and new state regulatory bodies produced proposals and standards for building better shelters, attempting a technical resolution of air defense’s political contradictions and consolidating the transformation of air defense into a primarily technological discipline.
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JB-2: America's First Cruise MissileQuigg, Gary Francis January 2014 (has links)
My research provides a historical and archaeological context for this thesis, in which I argue the JB-2 missile is historically significant as a unique example of the rapid duplication of enemy technology for both physical and psychological retaliation, as a crucial link in the chain of development for America’s cruise missile program, and for its role in early Cold War deterrence. Jet Bomb model number 2 (JB-2), America’s first operationally successful, mass produced cruise missile, developed as a direct copy of the German V-1, with slight variation in manufacture due to differences between German and American components, machinery and tooling. Continuing modifications of the JB-2 during its service life led to improvements in performance, control, and accuracy. From 1944 to 1953, the JB-2 transitioned from a weapon quickly prepared for wartime deployment to an essential test vehicle for the United States Army, Air Force and Navy while supporting the U.S. policy of containment during the early Cold War.
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"Wake up! Sign up! Look up!" : organizing and redefining civil defense through the Ground Observer Corps, 1949-1959Poletika, Nicole Marie January 2013 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In the early 1950s, President Dwight Eisenhower encouraged citizens to “Wake Up! Sign Up! Look Up!” to the Soviet atomic threat by joining the Ground Observer Corps (GOC). Established by the United States Air Force (USAF), the GOC involved civilian volunteers surveying the skies for Soviet aircraft via watchtowers, alerting the Air Force if they suspected threatening aircraft. This thesis examines the 1950s response to the longstanding problem posed by the invention of any new weapon: how to adapt defensive technology to meet the potential threat. In the case of the early Cold War period, the GOC was the USAF’s best, albeit faulty, defense option against a weapon that did not discriminate between soldiers and citizens and rendered traditional ground troops useless. After the Korean War, Air Force officials promoted the GOC for its espousal of volunteerism and individualism. Encouraged to take ownership of the program, observers appropriated the GOC for their personal and community needs, comprised of social gatherings and policing activities, thus greatly expanding the USAF’s original objectives.
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