Cette étude vise à identifier ce qu’a pu être le costume de la sphère royale en Mésopotamie de l’époque d’Akkad à l’époque néo-babylonienne. Dans ce cadre, le costume est entendu comme l’ensemble des pièces susceptibles d’être portées – habits, couvre-chefs, ceintures, chaussures, bijoux, armes, insignes, etc. – de même que les coiffures ou les cosmétiques qui contribuent à l’apparence. Bien que la plupart d’entre eux ait aujourd’hui disparu, quelques vestiges matériels du costume mésopotamien subsistent et une multitude de textes et d’images l’évoque. Leur confrontation permet donc de restituer en partie la garde-robe royale. Pour ce faire, l’étude dresse d’abord un catalogue des matières et des pièces ayant pu être portées, lequel démontre une grande variété de types vestimentaires dont certains modèles particulièrement précieux. Cet inventaire typologique fournit le cadre d’une réflexion synthétique plus large sur la confection des habits ainsi que sur les permanences et les évolutions des différentes pièces identifiées. Notre travail retrace également la manière dont les éléments de costume étaient combinés ensemble, qui les portait et dans quels contextes. Par ailleurs, l’étude examine les facteurs de distinction sexuelle du costume, de même que les spécificités de l’habillement du souverain, à la fois parmi les autres membres de la sphère royale et entre rois des différentes cours mésopotamiennes. Enfin, le costume n’étant pas seulement un élément essentiel de la vie quotidienne mais aussi le vecteur de multiples discours, l’étude souligne son importance en Mésopotamie à travers sa valeur financière et sa place dans l’économie ainsi qu’à travers son rôle symbolique. / This study aims to identify the different elements that could have composed the costume in Ancient Mesopotamian royal sphere from Akkadian time to the fall of Neo-Babylonian Empire. The term of costume is understood as everything worn including clothes, hats, belts, baldrics, gloves, shoes, jewels, weapons, etc., and what contributes to the general appearance such as hairdresses or cosmetics. Although most of the material evidences of the costume in Ancient Mesopotamia have now disappeared, ancient texts and images relate it. Their confrontation enables us to partially reconstruct the royal wardrobe. The royal wardrobe included different types of pieces, each of them in a great variety of models, among which many were very precious. First, our study makes the inventory of clothing types and materials attested or presumed but also demonstrates how costume pieces were combined together, who worn them and in which circumstances. This typological study constitutes the base of a larger reflection upon the way costumes were made, the evolution over the analyzed period or the consistency of the different pieces of clothes. This part also sums up the gender distinction points of the costume and the specificities of the king’s costume in the royal sphere and between the various Mesopotamian courts. Finally, costume being not only an essential part of daily life but also a mean of communication, this study underlines its importance in Mesopotamia through its financial value, its major place in the economy and also through its symbolic role.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1936. / "Reprint from Ignace J. Gelb, Pierre M. Purves, and Allan A. MacRae, Nuzi personal names (The University of Chicago, 'Oriental Institute publications, ' vol. LVII)" This portion is restricted to Akkadian and Sumerian elements. "Publications and sources": p. xiii-xvii.

Thesis--Münster. / Includes old Babylonian texts and translations. Vita.

The editor's Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin. / Vita.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1989. / Master copies of 5 1/2 inch (Floppy) disks kept separately by library. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Iraqi State Department of Antiquities and the Polish expedition under the late Janusz Meuszynski and Richard Sobolewski, assisted later by Samuel Paley (Buffalo), set themselves the goal to locate, identify and to reconstruct the original arrangement of the reliefs from the Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II. The majority of the reliefs are scattered all over the world in museums and institutions from Leningrad to Los Angeles, mainly due to the style of archaeologists and opportunists from the previous century who removed these reliefs from the Nimrud Mound. Section A of the dissertation attempted to complement the achievements of the combined Iraqi-Polish-American effort through the study of the "Standard" Inscription which was carved across and in between the reliefs of Ashurnasirpal. Subsequently, this somewhat audacious and time-consuming project was launched to trace the present whereabouts of those reliefs outside Iraq in a bid to study each text seperately. This was achieved in the end in that the inscriptions were studied from the original sculptures or from photos provided by the institutions in whose care the reliefs are at present. Each exemplar was eventually copied, transliterated and reproduced in its original room setting of the North-Vest Palace. In order to reproduce each text as an entity in its own right and in an accessible way (in direct opposition to previous attempts whereby a myriad of text-critical data was simply reduced to footnotes), available computer software initially had to be experimented with before a suitable program could be decided upon. Eventually T 3 of TOI Software Research was selected on mainly user-friendly and font-adaptability grounds. The interested scholar is now in a position to see at a glance how the texts, which were originally engraved onto sculptured slabs in the close proximity of one room, vary from one another. The remainder of Ashurnasirpal's textual corpus was treated in Section B. These inscriptions were studied and collated on the original monuments in London and New York. The texts were finally collated, revised and transliterated in a standardized form from photographs, provided by the institutions in whose care they are at present. In order to facilitate the progress of research on the Ashurnasirpal inscriptions, it was decided to make all the textual material available in the electronic medium of two 2.1 megabyte floppy disks (cf. the envelope attached to the back cover). The data is stored in T 3 volumes (73VOLS). The latest T 3 version (2.3) has a conversion program for converting T 3 documents to YordPerfect 5.0, making the material of this research more accessible to non T 3 users. Thanks to the initiatives of the Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients Project which provides the critical historian with a much needed historico-geographical footing, the unique summary of conquests or so-called standard titulary sections in the royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal were examined in search of a historically verifiable methodology. These passages were collected not only from the Calah inscriptions, but especially from other provenances like Ashur and Nineveh on the assumption that a definite correlation exists between geographic references and the chronological sequences of events in the Ashurnasirpal II royal inscriptions. These "summary" sections provide a useful summary in titular form of the king's conquests comprising essentially geographic material. They emanated stylistically from the preceding sections on the king's genealogy, titulary, filiation and theological legitimation. They were in a constant state of editorial flux impending on the successes of the king's expansionist policies. The modern historian can now utilize these summaries, or historico-political titles, not only as a fixed point of departure, historically speaking, but also as a normative tool to unravel biased military reports of the king's military activities in both the annalistic and display type of inscriptions. A new approach on the historical reconstruction of the reign of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C.) with its implications for the study of the Old Testament can now be anticipated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Irakse Direktoraat van Rultuursake en 'n Poole ekspedisie onder aanvoering van wyle Janusz Meuszynski en Ryszard Sobolewski, later bygestaan deur Samuel Paley (Buffalo), het hulle dit ten doel gestel om al Assurnasirpal II se reliefs, wat sedert die vorige eeu deur skattejagters en argeoloe van die Nimrud Tel (naby Mosul in die noorde van Irak) verwyder is en na museums en instellings van Leningrad tot in Los Angeles versprei is, op te spoor. Met behulp van hoof saaklik die ikonografie-is die reliefs se oorspronklike plekke in die beroemde Noordwes-Paleis vasgestel en grafies gerekonstrueer. Afdeling A van hierdie dissertasie poog om hierdie projek aan te vul deur al die II "Standaard" Inskripsies wat bo-oor en tussen die reliefs aangebring was, te bestudeer. 11 Yervolgens is die moeisame proses aangepak om hierdie reliefs in museums oor die hele wereld op te spoor, die inskripsies direk of vanaf foto's te kollasioneer, te kopieer, te translitereer en in hul oorspronklike vertrekskonteks weer te gee. Die formaat waarin die transliterasies van die inskripsies uiteindelik weergegee moes word, is uiteindelik deur middel van TCI Software Research se T 3 bemeester. Die formaat waarin die tekste weergegee is in hierdie dissertasie, vergemaklik die bestudering van individuele tekste sowel as die vergelyking van die teksvariante in die groter paleiskonteks, deurdat die tekste gegroepeer is ooreenkomstig die oorspronklike posisies van die reliefs teen die mure van die onderskeie vertrekke van die paleis. In Afdeling B is die oorblywende tekskorpus van Assurnasirpal behandel. Die inskripsies is op die oorspronklike monumente, stelas en tablette in hoof saaklik Londen en New York bestudeer, gekollasioneer en die transliterasies is hersien en gestandaardiseer. Dit bring vervolgens mee dat die tekskorpus van Assurnasirpal II in die elektronies-toeganklike formaat van T S -volumes beskikbaar is vir Assirioloe, wat met behulp van die rekenaartegnologie navorsing op die Assurnasirpal tekste wil doen. Die nuwe 2.3 weergawe van 7 3 beskik oor die moontlikheid om 3 -volumes en -leers om te skakel in YordPerfect 5.0 dokumente, wat dus_inligtingsherwinning, data-onttrekking en ander dergelike funksies van die rekenaartegnologie op spykerskriftekste verder vergemaklik. Al die teksmateriaal is vir die doel op twee 2.1 megagreep slapskywe gestoor in 73-volumes en is beskikbaar in die koevert, wat aan die agterblad van die dissertasie vasgeheg is. Ten slotte is 'n nuwe metodologie, gebore uit die inisiatiewe van en blootstelling aan die Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients Projek, op die proef gestel. Kortliks berus hierdie benadering op die aanname dat daar 'n histories-verifieerbare korrelasie tussen geografiese gegewens en kronologiese ordening in die Assiriese Koningsgeskrifte bestaan. Die betrokke gedeelte in die koningsgeskrifte, waarin 'n opsomming van die koning se verowerde gebiede (en dus geografiese data) stilisties voortvloei uit die voorafgaande genealogie, titulatuur en teologiese legitimasie, is vervolgens versamel en gegroepeer uit tekste wat Assur, Nineve en Nimrud insluit. Hierdie opsommende titulatuur is op 'n gereelde basis deur die amptelike Assiriese skrywers geredigeer ooreenkomstig die welslae van die koning se buitelandse beleid van ekspansionisme. Vervolgens kan die moderne historikus hierdie beknopte historiese gegewens in die opsommende titulatiqr, gesuiwer van tipiese Assiriese propaganda, as 'n vaste normatiewe basis aanwend om die breedvoerige annalistiese beskrywings van die koning se veldtogte krities te bestudeer. 'n Betroubare rekonstruksie van die regeringstyd van Assurnasirpal II (883-859 v.C.) en die implikasies wat dit vir die flu Testament inhou, kan vervolgens in die vooruitsig gestel word.

Le présent travail se propose d’analyser les textes littéraires bilingues suméro-akkadiens du Ier millénaire av. J.-C. du point de vue de la méthodologie de traduction employée par les lettrés mésopotamiens. Pour cela, il est fait appel à la traductologie, la science qui s’intéresse aux méthodes de traduction, et tout particulièrement aux récentes études dans le domaine de l’herméneutique et de la linguistique, afin de comprendre les processus intellectuels ayant permis le passage d’une langue à une autre. Il s’agit de montrer en quoi la traduction mésopotamienne est le premier témoin d’une réflexion sur la traduction, le langage et la transmission du savoir dans l’histoire, tout en mettant en avant ses spécificités, dues notamment au système d’écriture cunéiforme, au contexte multilingue de la région, et à la mentalité des savants de l’époque, qui considéraient que tous les phénomènes de la nature pouvaient et devaient être expliqués, et ce, au moyen de l’écriture. Le multilinguisme mésopotamien, une constante durant toute son histoire, présente des manifestations diverses, dont la plus originale est le bilinguisme suméro-akkadien, un bilinguisme exclusivement littéraire et religieux à partir du IIe millénaire av. J.-C., dans lequel la pratique de la traduction s’apparente plus à une forme de divination et de réflexion philosophique qu’à une traduction littérale ou précise. Cette traduction représente par ailleurs une forme particulière de transmission du savoir et une véritable réflexion sur la multiplicité des langues et leur rôle dans la transmission de textes ayant une grande valeur culturelle et idéologique. / The present research seeks to analyze Sumero-Akkadian literary bilingualism in 1st millennium B.C. texts from the point of view of the scribes’ translation methods. In order to do so, I have used recent research in Translation Studies, a field in which different translation methods are analyzed and explained. I have specifically focused on recent linguistic and hermeneutic research applied to translation, in order to understand the intellectual processes allowing the passage from one language to another. This approach has allowed me to show how Mesopotamian translation is truly the first witness to a reflection on translation, language in general, and the transmission of knowledge, while taking into account its specificities, such as the importance of the cuneiform writing system, the region’s multilingualism, and the mentalities of the late period scholars, who believed that any natural phenomenon could and had to be explained in writing. Multilingualism existed in Mesopotamia throughout its entire history, but Sumero-Akkadian bilingualism was a specific kind of bilingualism, used exclusively in literary and religious texts from the IInd millennium B.C. onwards. Sumero-Akkadian translation can therefore be compared to divination or philosophy, and did not seek to be precise or literal. It also represented a unique way of transmitting knowledge and a unique understanding of the multiplicity of languages and their importance in the transmission of ancient texts, which had both cultural and ideological value.

This work aims to provide a thematic typology for Old Babylonian divination apodoses, predictions known from early lists of omens and models from Ancient Mesopotamia and the Levant. The primary objective of this study is to present the Old Babylonian divination apodoses as a system, placing each prediction in its appropriate context, together with thematically related material from other compendia. There are altogether 272 reported Old Babylonian compendium-tablets and inscribed clay models, dedicated to thirteen different divinatory practices, of which 157 are examined in this work. Methodologically, the work combines elements of a traditional Assyriological edition and a motif index. The typology is to provide a systematic approach to the study of the apodosis from the perspective of the problem it was meant to answer. Such an approach would lead to a better understanding of the apodosis as an element of a comprehensive system of beliefs, shed light on the early development of the Mesopotamian divinatory written tradition, and help bring to clearer order the imprints of hopes and fears of the Old Babylonian society, that apodoses bear. As a part of the Old Babylonian divination corpus remained beyond the scope of this study, the choice of material has regard to tablets published solely in copies, as well as older editions that can be improved and extended. The bulk of the edited texts were also newly examined and subjected to philological analysis. This approach has yielded a solid number of new reading and interpretations, included in this study. Philological commentaries, together with brief notes on peculiarities of script and language are likewise a crucial part of this research. The introduction starts with a synopsis of the research in the field and offers an overview of the sources. Some basic components of the apodosis, such as problem, motif, outcome, and other elements, important for the classification are also explored here. Additionally, this part of the work examines incidental aspects of space and time, as well as involved characters. The typology itself has 2,367 entries in total, which amount to 2,675 attestations of full apodoses or 3,362 attestations of simple apodoses and parts of compound apodoses counted altogether. The classification of the material is developed on three levels. The twenty-eight sections define the sphere of interest in general. Subsections address particular problems or aspects within the wider topic. The lowest level of the classification, the motif formula, constitutes an exact prediction in terms of motif, involved characters, and other peculiarities. In addition, the work includes a catalog of Old Babylonian compendia and a concordance of predictions in the relevant manuscripts. The thematically organized catalog of predictions is to benefit future theoretical studies on Mesopotamian divination, culture, and realia, as well as to assist textological work on divination-related cuneiform materials.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, June 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished