This dissertation examines D.H. Lawrence’s and Wyndham Lewis’s exploration of the evental subject, and asks how their work might help us understand agency in a way that does not discount powerful forms of socio-historical determinism. Examining a variety of their critical and fictional writing from the first three decades of the twentieth century, I argue that Lawrence and Lewis explore ways of thinking about the subject’s relationship to radical novelty without occluding the constraining forces of mass culture. Challenging conventional modernist forms of novelty which seek to except themselves from forces of historical and social determination, they pursue a form of novelty that emerges from these forces, yet radically reconfigures the world that history has produced. Similarly, even though the “evental subject” is conditioned by the forms of relation encoded by society, its agency lies in the power to transfigure the modes of being that have been normalized. The evental subject is not an autonomous source of agency that is exempted from the social order, but derives its agency from reconceptualizing the nature of social embeddedness—understanding social relations as unpredictably generative rather than narrowly limiting. In this regard, the forms of subjectivity articulated by Lawrence and Lewis substantially anticipate, and are illuminated by, Alain Badiou’s theory of the event. Chapter 1 argues that Lawrence’s Study of Thomas Hardy and Studies in Classic American Literature approach the problem of the evental subject largely in terms of affect, understanding the subject not as the preexistent and stable bearer of affective experience, but as the processual product of mutually-constituting affective relationships. Chapter 2 examines Women in Love to find Lawrence negotiating love as an affective site of radical subjective possibility that reconfigures the cultural norms through which intimate relationships are coded and constrained. Chapter 3 turns to Lewis’s The Enemy to ask how his version of the evental subject largely inhabits the tension between personality and selfhood, where the former suggests social performance and the latter denotes an autonomous, ontological category. Contra the conventional turn to the autonomous self as the source of agency, he seeks to understand the subject, and its agency, as the product of social performance. Finally, Chapter 4 argues that Tarr articulates the possibilities of a radically exteriorized understanding of personality; through Lewis’s ironic portrayal of the ineluctable ways in which even the perception of choice is coded by the situation, he presents fiction and authorship as the spaces in which to imagine an evental subject.

[pt] A partir dos movimentos de maio de 1968, a figura intelectual da emancipação toma conta da filosofia francesa: enquanto Jacques Rancière aposta na radical hipótese da igualdade das inteligências, Alain Badiou desenvolve uma teoria do acontecimento. Em comum, concernem a ambos processos de subjetivação, dentre os quais Badiou destaca quatro: amorosos, científicos, políticos e artísticos. Neste âmbito, o regime estético rancièriano e a inestética badiousiana oferecem aporte teórico para reformular as categorias segundo as quais se compreende a criação artística – em geral – e o cinema – em particular. No entendimento comum de uma arte contemporânea das relações, este trabalho aproxima os autores com o objetivo de pensar a obra do diretor austríaco Michael Haneke. Dividindo seus filmes em blocos temáticos – entre cinema e amor, entre cinema e ciência, entre cinema e política e entre cinema e outras artes –, investigam-se distâncias e intervalos pelos quais podem passar ideias e nos quais se formam espectadores como sujeitos igualitários. / [en] From May 68 on, the intellectual figure of emancipation takes over French philosophy: while Jacques Rancière bets on the radical hypothesis of the equality of intelligences, Alain Badiou develops the theory of the event. In unison, both are concerned with processes of subjectivation, amongst which Badiou highlights four types: amorous, scientific, political and artistic. In this last scope, the rancièrian aesthetic regime and the badiousian inaesthetics offer a theoretical approach to reformulate the categories within which art – in general – and cinema – in particular – are perceived. In the common understanding of contemporary art of relations, this work links the authors, intending to analyze the work of Austrian director Michael Haneke. Splitting his movies into thematic blocks – between cinema and love, between cinema and science, between cinema and politics and between cinema and other arts –, the investigation lies on the distances and intervals within which ideas pass and spectators form themselves as egalitarian subjects.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-07-05T14:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CARLOS_ROBERTO_DE_SOUZA_ROBAINA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1444502 bytes, checksum: fb6e82d9ee9a99fb2b070e5d49a890e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-05T14:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CARLOS_ROBERTO_DE_SOUZA_ROBAINA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1444502 bytes, checksum: fb6e82d9ee9a99fb2b070e5d49a890e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / The object of this thesis is Alain Badiou's claim of the communist idea as the principle of politics, his identification of communism as the modern name of the concept of justice in Plato. Characterizing the regime of Capital as the inconsistency of the present world, the communist hypothesis defended by Badiou states that the failures experienced in the attempts to construct a new world, a project of emancipation, should serve to assess the reasons of this failure, and never lead to relinquishment of further attempts. In the face of the failure in the attempt of making real a true idea, trying again is a feature of Badiou?s thinking and action. This thesis also analyzes the evolution of Badiou?s political thought and the nature of this evolution, still in course. It is also demonstrated that Badiou was affected by political processes and events of the class struggle in his militant period of life, the changes in the=o9?ituation and the effects of these changes in his formulations: the changes in his communist project. At the same time, it is evidenced the continuity in his thought, pointing out the most detachable indications of Badiou's fidelity to the communist idea, as well as to Marxism as a fundamental reference of his thought, of his general coordinates of political thinking and action. The central thesis is his loyalty to this idea. The thesis concludes with a case study, using the philosophical categories of the transformation theory formulated by Alain Badiou. This case study is the evaluation of the characteristics and meaning of the popular and youthful uprising experienced by Brazil in June 2013, analyzing whether this social and political process was what Badiou defined as the "event" or whether it was a normal fact, one more modification, trying to visualize its possible features and the subjects involved in its effects. It is also shown that June 2013 represented and continues to represent a political process which produces truths and, in this sense, has a close relationship with philosophy. / O tema desta tese ? a reivindica??o de Alain Badiou da ideia comunista como princ?pio da pol?tica, sua identifica??o do comunismo como o nome moderno do conceito de justi?a em Plat?o. Caracterizando o regime do Capital como a inconsist?ncia do mundo atual, a hip?tese comunista defendida por Badiou afirma que os fracassos experimentados nas tentativas de constru??o de um novo mundo, de um projeto de emancipa??o, devem servir para que se fa?am balan?os das raz?es deste fracasso, mas jamais devem levar a abandonar o empenho em novas tentativas. Diante do fracasso da implementa??o de uma ideia verdadeira, tentar de novo ? uma marca do seu pensamento e a??o. Nesta tese analisa-se a evolu??o do seu pensamento pol?tico e a natureza desta evolu??o ainda em curso; ainda, v?-se como, ao longo de sua trajet?ria, Badiou foi afetado por processos pol?ticos e acontecimentos da luta de classes em seu per?odo de vida militante, as mudan?as no estado da situa??o e os efeitos destas mudan?as nas suas formula??es: as mudan?as no interior da continuidade de seu projeto comunista. Ao marcar o fio de continuidade em sua elabora??o, apontamos as indica??es mais destac?veis da fidelidade de Badiou ? ideia comunista, bem como ao marxismo enquanto refer?ncia fundamental de seu pensamento, de suas coordenadas gerais de localiza??o pol?tica. A tese central ? sua fidelidade a esta ideia. A tese ser? conclu?da com um estudo de caso, utilizando as categorias filos?ficas da teoria da transforma??o formulada por Alain Badiou. Trata-se da avalia??o das caracter?sticas e do significado do levante juvenil e popular vivido pelo Brasil em junho de 2013, analisando se este processo social e pol?tico constituiu-se no que Badiou definiu com o conceito de ?acontecimento? ou se foi um fato normal, uma modifica??o a mais, tratando de visualizar suas eventuais marcas e os sujeitos envolvidos em seus efeitos. Mostra-se, ainda, que junho de 2013 representou e continua representando um processo pol?tico produtor de verdades e que, neste sentido, tem uma rela??o estreita com a filosofia.

Propõe-se examinar o processo de afirmação de novos direitos, tomando por ponto de partida o pensamento dos filósofos Alain Badiou e Antônio Negri, de quem se realiza uma leitura seletiva e intensiva das obras. Disserta-se sobre a articulação entre ontologia, evento e poder constituinte, como polos para uma teoria do sujeito. Trata-se da questão da afirmação de direitos além, ou antes, de o estado reconhecê-los. Um direito vivo liberto das mediações do estado e do mercado. O direito como potência e não sob a espécie da norma. Discutem-se ainda os conceitos de direito singular e direito comum. O sujeito em pauta é o sujeito comunista, interno ao movimento real de abolição do estado de coisas, na esteira de Karl Marx. Outros autores abordados com frequência são Spinoza e Hegel. Apresentam-se brevemente o método da copesquisa militante (do operaísmo autonomista), o materialismo dialético da cisão (Badiou) e a práxis constituinte (Negri). Mais além de uma discussão restrita ao campo de filosofia política, adota-se a perspectiva de que o pensamento é imediatamente político, que se pode exercer uma política na filosofia e produção do conhecimento. Conclui-se com o cotejamento entre as teorias do sujeito de Negri e Badiou, quanto aos pontos desdobrados neste trabalho, e como esse parcial encontro pode potenciar ferramentas práticas e teóricas. Especial destaque na conclusão, ao duplo processo pars construens pars destruens, para uma política subversiva e radical. A mútua implicação de um e outro é vital para a capacidade um movimento real transformar o estado das coisas. / This dissertation addresses the issue of how to create new rights, breathing the air of the radical thought of Alain Badiou and Antonio Negri, from whom it has been made an intensive and selective review. It goes over the articulation of ontology, event and constituent power, as polarities for a theory of the subject. The question in discussion is about rights beyond, or before, the state recognizes them. A living law freed from states or markets mediations. Law as power [potentia], and not sub species of the norm. Singular right and common right are also discussed. The subject in question is communist subject, internal to the real movement for the abolition of the present situation, following Marx. Other authors frequently referred: Spinoza and Hegel. Some methodological aspects are presented briefly: con-ricerca (of operaismo autonomist), dialectical materialism of scission (Badiou) and constituent praxis (Negri). Beyond some debate limited to political philosophy field, this work adopts premise that thinking is immediately political, and that there can be exerted a political intervention in philosophy itself and knowledge production. The conclusion puts Negris and Badious theories of subject to interact, on points developed through the text, aiming hopefully to contribute for some practical or theoretical tools. A special remark must be made for the importance of the double procedure pars construens pars destruens, for a truly subversive and radical politics. The mutual incidence of one over the other is vital for any movements real capacity of transformation.

Propõe-se examinar o processo de afirmação de novos direitos, tomando por ponto de partida o pensamento dos filósofos Alain Badiou e Antônio Negri, de quem se realiza uma leitura seletiva e intensiva das obras. Disserta-se sobre a articulação entre ontologia, evento e poder constituinte, como polos para uma teoria do sujeito. Trata-se da questão da afirmação de direitos além, ou antes, de o estado reconhecê-los. Um direito vivo liberto das mediações do estado e do mercado. O direito como potência e não sob a espécie da norma. Discutem-se ainda os conceitos de direito singular e direito comum. O sujeito em pauta é o sujeito comunista, interno ao movimento real de abolição do estado de coisas, na esteira de Karl Marx. Outros autores abordados com frequência são Spinoza e Hegel. Apresentam-se brevemente o método da copesquisa militante (do operaísmo autonomista), o materialismo dialético da cisão (Badiou) e a práxis constituinte (Negri). Mais além de uma discussão restrita ao campo de filosofia política, adota-se a perspectiva de que o pensamento é imediatamente político, que se pode exercer uma política na filosofia e produção do conhecimento. Conclui-se com o cotejamento entre as teorias do sujeito de Negri e Badiou, quanto aos pontos desdobrados neste trabalho, e como esse parcial encontro pode potenciar ferramentas práticas e teóricas. Especial destaque na conclusão, ao duplo processo pars construens pars destruens, para uma política subversiva e radical. A mútua implicação de um e outro é vital para a capacidade um movimento real transformar o estado das coisas. / This dissertation addresses the issue of how to create new rights, breathing the air of the radical thought of Alain Badiou and Antonio Negri, from whom it has been made an intensive and selective review. It goes over the articulation of ontology, event and constituent power, as polarities for a theory of the subject. The question in discussion is about rights beyond, or before, the state recognizes them. A living law freed from states or markets mediations. Law as power [potentia], and not sub species of the norm. Singular right and common right are also discussed. The subject in question is communist subject, internal to the real movement for the abolition of the present situation, following Marx. Other authors frequently referred: Spinoza and Hegel. Some methodological aspects are presented briefly: con-ricerca (of operaismo autonomist), dialectical materialism of scission (Badiou) and constituent praxis (Negri). Beyond some debate limited to political philosophy field, this work adopts premise that thinking is immediately political, and that there can be exerted a political intervention in philosophy itself and knowledge production. The conclusion puts Negris and Badious theories of subject to interact, on points developed through the text, aiming hopefully to contribute for some practical or theoretical tools. A special remark must be made for the importance of the double procedure pars construens pars destruens, for a truly subversive and radical politics. The mutual incidence of one over the other is vital for any movements real capacity of transformation.

La presente tesis pretende estudiar los textos fílmicos del filósofo francés Alain Badiou con el objetivo de sustraer el papel que juega el cine en su proyecto de (re)comienzo de la filosofía. De esta manera hemos dividido su exposición en dos partes: el estudio de su proyecto de (re)comienzo filosófico y el estudio del papel que juega el cine en dicho proyecto y de su teoría fílmica implícita. En la primera parte trataremos de justificar en qué medida su proyecto puede ser entendido como un intento de reivindicar la tarea filosófica como la eterna tarea de educar a pensar la contemporaneidad de manera universal e igualitaria. Así en primer lugar expondremos como este proyecto tiene sus fundamentos en la teoría de causalidad estructural althusseriana, en la teoría subjetiva de los afectos lacanianos y en la teoría dialéctica maoísta. A partir de cada una de estas teorías definiremos tres dimensiones fundamentales del proyecto filosófico de Badiou, a saber, la dimensión formal o intelectual, la dimensión afectiva o ética, y la dimensión didáctica o igualitaria. Por un lado, veremos cómo las dimensiones intelectual y ética subyacen en la búsqueda de un sistema formal y afectivo, respectivamente, con el que la filosofía puede orientarse en su tarea eterna de pensar en el presente. A este sistema de pensamiento formal-afectivo Badiou le denominará "teoría de del sujeto". Por otro lado veremos cómo, Badiou encuentra en el proyecto platónico de una educación según la universalidad de la Idea -proyecto que Platón desarrolló para hacer frente a la educación según la opinión relativa propia del sofismo dominante de su época-, el modelo al que debe acudir la filosofía para renovarse como pensamiento eterno de la contemporaneidad. Expondremos, por tanto, cómo la renovación de la filosofía contemporánea pasa por concebirla como la puesta en práctica de un proceso pedagógico por el que se transmite un sistema formal y afectivo para pensar el Sujeto o la Idea del presente. / García Puchades, W. (2012). EL LUGAR DEL CINE EN EL PENSAMIENTO FILOSÓFICO DE ALAIN BADIOU [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14862 / Palancia

The theoretical framework of this study is intended to explore the potential Alain Badiou's theory of event, truth, and faithful subject may provide for understanding literature. This study applies this framework to John Ruskin's late and lesser-known work Fors Clavigera: Letters to the Workmen and Labourers of Great Britain (1871-1884). Both Ruskin's fragmented style in Fors Clavigera and his notion of historical truth developed therein have been read as madness and as reactionary romanticism. I examine key metanarrative moments in Fors Clavigera where Ruskin reflects on his historiographical choices and methods. Through my analysis, I show how Badiou's theory provides a way of better understanding Ruskin's historiography as deliberately purposeful and philosophically engaging.

In our thesis we will discuss political philosophy of Slavoj Žižek. Our aim is to explore his thoughts in the context of searching for an emancipatory strategy for 21st century. In first par of our thesis we will concentrate on the analysis of functioning of capitalism from the perspective of Lacan's discourse of university. Then we will move to the criticism of static subject in Marxism and dispersed subject in thoughts of post-Marxist radical democrats. We will continue to so called communist hypothesis. In second part of our thesis we will discuss how Žižek's theoretical approach affects his position to the three selected social conflicts and movements. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

With its perennial interest in the seemingly ordinary lives of small-town people, Alice Munro’s fiction displays a deceptively simple surface reality that on closer scrutiny reveals intricate levels of unexpected complexity about the fundamentals of human experience: love, choice, mortality, faith and the force of language. This study takes as its main purpose the exploration of Munro’s stories in terms of the intricacy of emotions in the face of commonplace events of life and their emerging possibilities. I argue that the ontological levels of fiction and reality remain in the realm of the real; these levels exist and merge as the possibilities of each other. Munro’s realism is explored in terms of its connection to possibilities that arise out of a particular type of fatality. The phenomenon of possibility permeates Munro’s stories. An investigation of this phenomenon shows a curious paradox between possibility and necessity. In order to discuss the complexity of this paradox I introduce the temporal/spatial concept of possibility-space and notions of the fatal. I describe the space that materializes in the phenomenal field between text and reader, and where the constitution of possibility becomes visible. This is typically seen in the rupture that is the event, where the event in itself offers a moment of release and epistemic certainty to the characters. I argue that through this release and certainty the characters obtain a radical, audacious sense of freedom and intensity of life. The stories examined have been grouped in a conceptual order that brings into view the central qualities of Munro’s fiction such as lightness, newness and sameness. These qualities are related to the act of recognition; they are elaborated through readings of a large number of stories from all the collections, including three stories published recently in The New Yorker. The dissertation concludes by highlighting these qualities in the tour de force “Post and Beam.” I argue finally that Alice Munro’s fiction recognizes life as possibility in a moment when it shows itself in its own remarkable sameness.

The thesis offers an interpretation of Paul's political thought and political theology in the context of current philosophy. The first part presents a methodological basis of the work: the concept of political theology is conceived as a methodological tool that enables us to concentrate on interrelations and mutual effects of religion and politics and to expose implicit or explicit political meanings and implications of religious ideas. The second methodological subchapter deals with Max Weber's approach to "economic ethics of world religions": Weber concentrates on historical crossroads and switches which are a result of random chain of coincidences and factors forming a specific relation to values (Wertbeziehung) which enables us to understand further historical development. Paul's missionary activity and theology is seen as such historical crossroad with far- reaching social consequences. Another part elaborately deals with the most important and influential interpretations of Paul in current non-Christian philosophy: Jacob Taubes, Alain Badiou, Giorgio Agamben. The attention is given not only to presentation of their interpretations but also to utilizations and interpretative gaps, which could be observed in the way these authors read and understand Paul. Though for different reasons, for all of them...