This study aims to investigate if taking individuals' chosen time of withdrawing occupational pension into account can be used to better predict the future mortality intensities which describes the probability of death in a given time interval. The main underlying hypothesis for why there would be a difference lies in the fact that some individuals could receive more pension benefits by choosing a withdrawal time based on his or her own expectation of remaining lifespan. In particular individuals that do not expect to live long after retirement could receive more benefits before death by choosing to withdraw his or her money as fast as possible. To explore if such a relationship exists and is significant enough data provided by Alecta is analyzed. This data provides among others the chosen withdrawal time and recorded deaths. Based on this dataset three models are created each with their own advantages and disadvantages.  The first model is a pure empirical model which simply shows the processed data after calculations have been made, showing the exact data in a more comprehensive form. The second model is a Makeham model which assumes that the mortality intensity is distributed according to the Makeham formula in the studied age range. This model allows random noise to be smoothed out and allows predictions of the mortality intensity in ages not studied. The third model is a Logistic regression model. This model considers two cases, death or no death and based on observed data the model predicts the probability that an individual will die given an age and withdrawal time. The logistic regression model is a robust model which allows stable predictions even where data is scarce. From the results of the three models it was concluded that for men there is a clear difference in mortality intensity between limited withdrawal times where shorter withdrawal times have higher mortality intensity and longer withdrawal times have lower mortality intensity. For women there were signs that the same is also true, however the evidence for this was weak.  The difference in mortality intensity was more pronounced in the first years after retirement and in particular longer withdrawal times had a very low mortality intensity. This was seen for both men and women.  When the mortality intensity was weighed based on the size of individuals' benefits the differences were much more pronounced for both men and women. Indicating that those with larger benefits to a greater extent chose their withdrawal time based on his or her own expectation of remaining lifespan. Almost all results agreed with what would be expected based on the underlying hypothesis with one exception, lifelong withdrawal. For lifelong withdrawal both men and women had a significantly higher mortality intensity that would be expected if individuals aim to maximize their received benefits. This was likely explained by lifelong serving as a default or safe option for many individuals which would lead to the option being dominated by these individuals rather than those aiming to maximize their received benefits. / Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om vetskapen om individers val av tjänstepensionens utbetalningstid kan användas för att bättre förutsäga en grupps framtida dödlighetsintensitet. Den primära underliggande hypotesen för varför ett sådant samband skulle finnas beror på att det finns individer som skulle kunna få ut mer pengar från sin tjänstepension genom att välja en utbetalningstid baserat på deras egna kännedom om sin förväntade återstående livslängd. Ett tydligt exempel på detta är en individ som har starka skäl att tro att hen inte kommer att leva länge efter att ha gått i pension. Genom att välja en kort utbetalningstid skulle denna individ få större utbetalningar under de åren utbetalningstiden gäller.  För att utröna om ett sådant förhållande finns och är signifikant så analyseras data från Alecta. Denna data innehåller bland annat information om vald utbetalningstid och noterade dödsfall. Baserat på denna underliggande data skapas tre modeller, var och en med styrkor och svagheter.  Den första modellen är en ren empirisk modell som visar behandlad data efter att beräkningar gjorts på denna. Detta innebär att modellen visar den exakta datan i en annan för analysens skull mer användbar form. Den andra modellen är en Makeham modell vilken antar att dödlighetsintensiteten följer Makehams formel under de studerade åldrarna. Denna modell möjliggör utslätning av avvikelser orsakade av slump, dessutom möjliggör det förutsägelser där data saknas. Den tredje modellen är en logistisk regressionsmodell vilken beaktar två fall, dödsfall eller icke dödsfall. Baserat på tillgänglig data förutspår modellen sannolikheten att en individ kommer att dö vid en given ålder med given utbetalningstid. Detta är en robust modell som möjliggör stabila uppskattningar även där mängden data är begränsad. Baserat på de tre modellernas resultat kunde slutsatsen dras att det finns en tydlig skillnad i dödlighetsintensitet mellan olika utbetalningstider för män. Särskilt kunde det ses att kortare utbetalningstider hade högre dödlighetsintensitet och längre utbetalningstider hade lägre dödlighetsintensitet. För kvinnor fanns det tecken på att samma sak gäller, men resultaten hade i detta fall låg tillförlitlighet. När man istället vägde resultatet baserat på storleken av individernas totala tjänstepension blev skillnaden mycket större både för män och kvinnor. Detta indikerar att de individer som har stora förmåner i större utsträckning väljer en tjänstepension baserat på deras egna förväntningar på sin återstående livslängd. Resultaten stämmer i stor utsträckning överens med vad som förväntades baserat på den underliggande hypotesen med ett undantag, livslångt uttag. Av de män och kvinnor som valde livslångt uttag observerades en dödlighetsintensitet som var betydligt högre än förväntat utifrån vad som förväntades utifrån ett antagande om att individer försöker maximera hur mycket de får utbetalt. Sannolikt kan detta resultat förklaras med att många som hade livslångt uttag gjorde det antingen för att det var standard eller för att det är det säkra alternativet. Detta skulle innebära att alternativet domineras av dessa individer snarare än individer som försöker maximera hur mycket tjänstepension de får utbetalt.

<p>Concurrently with higher demands on comparability between companies, all Swedish listed parent companies are guilty to apply international accounting standards, IFRS/IAS, no later than January 1, 2005. In this thesis IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures, that treats information about financial instruments, is investigated. IFRS 7 aims to establish a good international standard for disclosures about financial instruments. The purpose of this thesis is to study differences in the interpretation of IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures between Swedish life insurance companies, problems – if any – that associate with the recommendation, the recommendation’s effect on accounting and the attitudes towards IFRS amongst the Swedish life insurance companies. The thesis is based on a qualitative method and the conclusion of the thesis is that the life insurance companies find it tricky to decide how the accounting shall be designed in compliance with IFRS 7. Almost all information needed already exists. The problem rather relates to the design of the accounting. Further more, the companies read the recommendation with different eyes and define different users of annual reports, that creates different interpretations. Balance- and income statements will be less affected of IFRS 7, while notes and disclosures will grow. Finally, the attitudes towards IFRS vary alot between life insurance companies.</p>

Concurrently with higher demands on comparability between companies, all Swedish listed parent companies are guilty to apply international accounting standards, IFRS/IAS, no later than January 1, 2005. In this thesis IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures, that treats information about financial instruments, is investigated. IFRS 7 aims to establish a good international standard for disclosures about financial instruments. The purpose of this thesis is to study differences in the interpretation of IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures between Swedish life insurance companies, problems – if any – that associate with the recommendation, the recommendation’s effect on accounting and the attitudes towards IFRS amongst the Swedish life insurance companies. The thesis is based on a qualitative method and the conclusion of the thesis is that the life insurance companies find it tricky to decide how the accounting shall be designed in compliance with IFRS 7. Almost all information needed already exists. The problem rather relates to the design of the accounting. Further more, the companies read the recommendation with different eyes and define different users of annual reports, that creates different interpretations. Balance- and income statements will be less affected of IFRS 7, while notes and disclosures will grow. Finally, the attitudes towards IFRS vary alot between life insurance companies.