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Task of this thesis is the design of a school as a public place fully integrated in a small city. The concerns of the architect are on the one hand to set the school in a harmonious relationship to the other functions of the town. The inner structure of the building reflects this in being a “harmonious part” to the whole environment. On the other hand, determined by the site at the waterfront, the architecture gets its resources from the threshold of land and water. / Master of Architecture

This thesis examines the idea of modern love as expressed in the four novels of Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

The aim of this study is to examine the scientific discourse surrounding the founding of the ancient Library in Alexandria. For this I have used a discourse analytical method and I have limited the investigation by only looking at scholarly books from the period 1952 to 2009. In the initial reading it became obvious that authors exclusively cite influences from three different contexts: a Greek influence, a Hellenistic influence, and a native Egyptian/near eastern influence. This seemed to be an interesting and relevant area of study, especially since it could pertain to the modern library context and how we today handle cultural influences. By applying certain theoretical analysis terms such as node, element and floating signifier to the texts I have examined the different books and have tried go get an idea of what important elements the authors focus on, what sources they base this on, and then I have tried to analyze the arguments they use. I identified a number of tendencies in the source material which are discussed at length in the essay. For instance, some of them relate to the author’s problematic usage of primary sources, others have to do with what seems to be arguments stemming from a historical bias against certain cultures. I also looked at how the scholarship has seemingly changed over time and what possible reasons there could be for this.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / The subject of this Dissertation belongs to the general field of the Patristic studies; specifically, it is connected with the contribution of the Patristic quotations to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament. The main purpose of this study focuses on the investigation of the text of the four Gospels as used by Athanasius. Textual critics of the New Testament, in the past one hundred years, have merely said that Athanasius used the so-called "Neutral Text", but the evidence for such a statement has not yet been given. It is therefore important for us to discover whether this Father actually used the "Neutral Text" or any other type of text. [TRUNCATED]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:07:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8791_TESE DE DOUTORADO OFICIAL.pdf: 5839192 bytes, checksum: 29bc4fdef242c0cef9581baa9d46a3e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-11 / A formação do culto mariano tem sido considerada, por muitos pesquisadores, um dos objetos de estudo mais enigmáticos da história do cristianismo, em grande medida porque as fontes disponíveis para a compreensão deste evento são plurais e difíceis de serem concatenadas. Os corpora documentais que elegemos imagens, inscrições epigráficas, textos litúrgicos, crônicas, cartas, homilias, textos doutrinários e textos conciliares indicam, sobretudo, que a emergência desta piedade estava envolta em uma teia de relações de poder tecida por bispos, monges, autoridades imperiais e devotos. Inicialmente, o cristianismo de fronteira se forjou a partir de meados do século III e cooperou, em grande medida, para a hibridização de algumas formas de culto, entre elas a devoção a Maria, como pudemos observar, por exemplo, na criação de afrescos marianos na catacumba de Santa Priscila. Apesar de se manifestar, inicialmente, de maneira dispersa, a piedade mariana será domesticada pela ekklesia pari passu ao seu fortalecimento entre os grupos filocristãos, graças aos esforços de alguns líderes eclesiásticos de Alexandria, com destaque para Clemente de Alexandria, Orígenes e Atanásio integrantes do centro de estudos a cidade que se dedicaram a elaborar uma teologia calcada na glorificação de Maria. Nos séculos IV e V, observamos, por todo o Império, a difusão de práticas devocionais reservadas a Maria sob o âmbito da piedade pessoal e monástica, fato que desagradou, em grande medida, algumas autoridades episcopais, com destaque para aquelas filiadas à escola de pensamento de Antioquia. Por conseguinte, no ano de 431, eclodiu uma importante polêmica no Concílio de Éfeso concernente à defesa da utilização dos títulos de Theotókos e Christótokos, ambos conferidos a Maria. O evento se desenrolou em torno do embate político-cultural empreendido pelos bispos Nestório de Constantinopla e Cirilo de Alexandria, no qual este lutava pela institucionalização doutrinal-litúrgica do culto. Logo após a vitória de Cirilo e seus partidários, uma importante edificação foi erigida: a basílica de Santa Maria Maggiore. O empreendimento demonstrou que a piedade a Maria acabou por ser não somente tutelada e institucionalizada pela ekklesia, mas, também, manipulada de modo a servir de emblema para a glorificação do poder do bispo de Roma.

Cyril of Alexandria left to posterity a sizable body of exegetical literature. This thesis attempts to reconstruct his theology of Scripture in order to suggest that his exegetical practice is inseparable from, and must be interpreted in light of, his overarching theological vision. I argue that the most important intellectual factor shaping his exegesis is his Christologically focused, pro-Nicene Trinitarianism, an inheritance that he received from fourth-century authors. Cyril’s appropriation of pro-Nicene thought is evident in his theology of revelation and his theology of exegesis. Revelation, in his understanding, proceeds from the Father, through the Son, and in the Spirit, following the order of Trinitarian relations. Moreover, this pattern applies to the inspiration of Scripture as well, insofar as inspiration occurs when the Son indwells human authors by the Spirit and speaks the words of the Father. Corresponding to this movement of God towards humanity in revelation is humanity’s growth in understanding that occurs according to a reverse pattern—in the Spirit, through the Son, unto the Father. This scheme applies broadly to Cyril’s soteriology, but also to his understanding of exegesis, since he regarded biblical interpretation as a means of participating in the divine life. More specifically, this Trinitarian pattern implies that the Spirit is required to read Scripture properly, and that in the act of interpretation the Spirit directs the reader to a Christological reading of Scripture, through which the believer gains a limited but genuine apprehension of the Trinitarian mystery. This process continues until the final eschatological vision when the types and riddles of Scripture will be done away with in light of the overwhelming clarity of the vision of the Father.

This study investigates the housing characteristics and the determinants of housing production of the informal housing sector in Alexandria, Egypt. It also examines the impact of land policies on the development of the informal housing sector. Informal housing, by definition, is constructed and acquired outside the legal procedure of land and building registration and without the necessary permissions and approvals. Therefore, there is a little knowledge about it, and its role in the housing market could be underestimated. The aim of this research is to enhance the factual knowledge about informal housing as a basis for future policy development. The findings of this research, based on data collected from a field study conducted in four informal settlements in Alexandria in 1991, include the following: 1. Macro-economic, political, and social structures accelerated the emergence and the development of informal housing settlements, which occurred rapidly during and after times of economic and political crises. 2. Informal settlements are heterogeneous and it is not evident that informal housing is synonymous with marginal housing for poor people. 3. Informal settlements have low levels of public utilities and infrastructure. 4. Income, household size, age of household head, and tenure status of the household are the major variables that explain different patterns of housing consumption and expenditure among informal households. 5. Inhabitants of informal settlements have moved from other areas of the city rather than origins outside Alexandria. Owners are more satisfied with both the units and the neighborhoods than renters are. 6. The determinants of informal housing production are in a dynamic process of change and are self-organized. The general conditions of the overall housing market influence informal housing in similar ways. Informal housing finance depends upon small scale and incremental methods of savings. 7. Implementation of different land policies results in augmenting provision of illegal land subdivisions, increasing land prices and expanding informal land market operation. From the analysis undertaken in this research and previous findings, some policy implications for future planning for informal development become evident.