The purpose of this study was to explore workload allocation, what informed workload allocation in secondary schools and analyse documents relevant to educator workload. A qualitative interpretive approach using a case study as a research design was used to complete the study. Sixteen educators which consist of 6 heads of departments, principal and 9 post level one educators were purposively sampled and interviewed from different types of schools( rural, township and former model C schools). The findings of the study suggested that, workload in the secondary schools under study was allocated in a transparent and flexible manner. Educators were consulted and their inputs were regarded imperative in decision making. Further, it was found that experience, specialisation and qualifications informed workload allocation in schools. During the analysis of data, themes such as educator reputation meaning their competence, learner results and commitment emerged as factors that also informed workload allocation in schools. Allocators considered factors like the number of subjects, number of preparations and number of classes but ignored the number of learners in classes when allocating work in schools. Therefore, the differences in terms of number of learners would mean there was no equity in allocation of educators because the number of learners affected marking of assessments, feedback to learner, reaching gifted and not gifted learners, discipline in classrooms, timeous submissions of marks, and regular control of learner books. Majority of educators were allocated teaching time below the requirements as stipulated in the Personnel Administration Measures (PAM) Government Gazette No. 24948 dated 21 February 2003. Therefore workload of most educators was manageable. The majority of post level one educators were allocated teaching time below 85%. Only one post level one educator from school A and B was allocated within the stipulated teaching time as expected by the department and most educators were allocated below. From the allocation of school C only 3 post level one educators out of a maximum of twenty five paid by the government were allocated within the stipulated time. Allocation changed throughout the year because promotions and redeployment of educators were done at any time during the year. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The identification, selection and employment of better resource allocation models or practices is the aim of this research. As nations seek to employ their resources in a more efficient manner while deriving more effective outputs, those elected to public office must be willing to involve other members of the society in their decision-making. National security is one such area that is in need of a shared vision if it is to achieve the desired results. This paper examines the resource allocation process for national security in Jamaica. The purpose of this study is to establish whether the current process is adequate for addressing this aspect of the country's expenditure, as it impacts upon every citizen and every other area of the nation's affairs. In establishing whether the Jamaican model is adequate, a study of the processes used in three developed countries, namely Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States is done with a view of identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each process. The understanding of best practices in the field of national security is important, since after all, foreign trade and hence economic prosperity are more likely to be associated with nations that create secure environments. How much to allocate to defense and the consideration of all other viable alternatives is crucial. Only then can the nation look objectively at its unique situation. / Major, Jamaica Defence Force

Property companies are offering a range of financial vehicles (indirect investments) which enable investors to participate in cash-flows of voluminous properties or real estate portfolios. Effective indirect real estate investments generally consist of three main components, which ought to be synchronized: Demands of investors - property characteristics - investment vehicle However, in practice this synchronization (allocation process) turns out to be way more complex and sophisticated. The question regarding the utilization of properties within real estate investment companies is embedded in superordinate dimensions like the overall corporate strategy, which is in turn embedded in an overall economical and political environment. The purpose of the thesis at hand is to give some insights what factors and dimensions should be considered in order to implement a thoughtful allocation process. The author bases his qualitative analysis on his work experiences in two major German property companies. In this connection the author conducted several interviews with employees of different departments (e.g. Corporate Development, Controlling). Furthermore, the author´s purpose is to transfer the complex practical approach into a well-structured and clearly organized framework which presents the most important dimensions and factors and in turn have an impact on the allocation process. The thesis concludes with an outlook for the overall German economy and in particular the market for indirect real estate investments which will be followed by an emphasis of the most important factors regarding company´s property allocation process in the near future.

Med den takt som nya områden behöver växa fram för att täcka kommunernas bostadsbehov är det viktigt att komma ihåg de värden som skapar trivsel och trygghet i vistelsemiljöerna. Markanvisningsprocessen, som innebär en förhandling där byggherrar förhandlar med kommunen om att få köpa kommunalt ägd mark för nybyggnation, är en komplex process som påverkas av många faktorer. Nya områden som utgör bostäder för invånarna är ett resultat av hur kommunens arbetssätt och strategier ser ut och studien fokuserar på strategierna samt dess påverkan på gestaltningen i den byggda miljön. Genom intervjuer med kommunanställda, stadsarkitekter och en arkitekt samt litteraturstudier och fallstudier av tre nybyggda områden i tre olika kommuner, utreds samband mellan markanvisningsprocessen och hur väl gestaltningen i områdena har tagit tillvara på arkitektoniska värden som är viktiga för trygghet och trivsel. Studien visar att det finns brister i processen som gör att de ursprungliga målen med områdena inte alltid uppnås fullt ut. Den visar även att det kan vara viktigt att de gestaltningsmässiga värdena kommuniceras och tas tillvara tidigt i processen för att de ska följa med hela vägen till det färdiga resultatet, det vill säga den byggda miljön. / The rate in which new residential areas need to be produced to meet the municipalities need for housing, it is important to remember the architectural values that creates comfort and security in the habitats. The land allocation process, meaning developers negotiation with the municipalities regarding the purchase of the land owned by the municipalities, is a complex process affected by many factors. New areas constituting residences of the inhabitants are the results of the municipal strategies, and the study focuses on the strategies and their impact on the design of the built environment. By interviews with municipal employees and city architects as well as an architect, literature studies and case studies of three recently built-up areas, the connection between the land allocation process and the amount of architectural values enhancing the security and comfort in the areas are being investigated. The study indicates that there are shortages in the process causing the original goals with the areas not always entirely are being fulfilled. It also points at the importance of that the architectural values are communicated and taken into account early in the process, to be followed through the whole implementation until the results, i.e. the built environment.

Planifier les horaires des trains qui circulent sur un réseau constitue une tâche complexe. En Europe, elle s'inscrit dans un processus qui voit le gestionnaire d'infrastructure opérer des choix pour répartir une ressource rare, la capacité d'infrastructure, entre des usages concurrents - commerciaux (trains de voyageurs et de marchandises) et de maintenance (travaux) - et des demandeurs multiples. Dans ce travail, nous cherchons à mieux cerner comment s'organise et fonctionne le processus pour le réseau ferré français par le prisme du fret, activité ouverte à la concurrence depuis 2006 mais qui traverse une crise structurelle depuis plusieurs décennies. Les différentes facettes temporelles du processus de répartition des capacités constituent le fil conducteur de notre analyse. A travers une démarche croisant le point de vue du gestionnaire d'infrastructure et celui de ses clients, au premier rang desquels les entreprises ferroviaires, nous montrons que le fret occupe une place singulière dans ce processus qui se structure selon un calendrier spécifique, fruit de dispositions règlementaires européennes et d'héritages et de choix nationaux. La question de la qualité de sillons offerts par le gestionnaire d'infrastructure est appréhendée sous l'angle d'une articulation entre composantes de court et de long termes par rapport à l'échéance de circulation. Activité plurielle, le fret a besoin de flexibilité et de visibilité. Nous nous intéressons enfin aux sillons-catalogue en tant que dispositif participant à garantir de la capacité au fret. Une analyse de la méthode allemande, à travers le projet neXt, est proposée en guise de contrepoint. Nous mettons en évidence que l'équilibre entre des exigences industrielles (standardisation) et commerciales (personnalisation) dans la production des sillons est indispensable mais demeure délicat à établir / Train timetabling on a rail network is a complex task. In Europe, this issue lies within a process for which the infrastructure manager has to consider competing uses - passenger and freight trains as well as maintenance work - and several users of a scarce resource, infrastructure capacity. The aim of this research is to better understand the way this process is organised and works on the French rail network. We have chosen to tackle this issue focusing on freight as an activity which has been opened up to competition since 2006 but has experienced structural difficulties for decades. The various time aspects of the capacity allocation process are the key focus of our analysis. Our approach considers the perspectives of the infrastructure manager and of their customers, foremost among which are train operating companies. We highlight that freight occupies a unique place in this process which is based on a schedule resulting from both European regulations and the legacy of decisions taken at the national level. The issue of the quality of the train paths offered by the infrastructure manager is studied with a focus on the links between short and long term requirements with regard to the train running deadline. In spite of their diversity, we demonstrate that freight operators need flexibility and visibility. Finally, we analyse catalogue paths as a specific offer that aims to guarantee capacity for freight. The German method, through the neXt project, provides an alternative insight into this issue. Accommodating freight train paths into the timetable is essentially a necessary but delicate balance of interests: standardisation vs. customisation

I denna uppsats studeras investeringsprocesser i det divisionaliserade företaget Södra Skogsägarna ekonomisk förening. Studiens syfte är att beskriva och förklara företagets investeringsprocesser och i vilken utsträckning dessa processer är standardiserade. I studien analyseras dessa investeringsprocesser utifrån befintlig teori. Studien visar att investeringsprocesser initieras i den operativa verksamheten för att sedan drivas fram i den operativa verksamheten och i ledningen på enhetsnivå. Beslut fattas på alla nivåer i företaget efter investeringars storlek. Vidare visar studien att det både finns stora likheter och skillnader mellan divisionernas investeringsprocesser. Likheter har ofta sin grund i företagets investeringsinstruktioner medan skillnader ofta har sin grund i divisionernas olika egenskaper och förutsättningar. / This essay studies the capital resource allocation process in the divisionalized company Södra Skogsägarna ekonomisk förening. The study aims to describe and explain the company's capital resource allocation processes and to describe and explain to what extent these processes are standardized. The study analyzes these processes using existing theory on the subject. The study shows that the capital resource allocation process is initiated by the operational levels of the firm and then integrated by the operational levels and the business unit management. Decisions are made at all levels of the company based on the capital expenditure. The study also shows that there are both major similarities and differences between the divisions’ capital resource allocation processes. The similarities are often a result of the company's capital budgeting manual while the differences often due to the different characteristics and environments of the divisions.

This thesis addresses important operational aspects relating to fundamental components of any successfully executed NPD strategy: the processes, incentives and structure of decision rights that should be implemented given the objectives and capabilities of the firm. The first chapter outlines when a firm might prefer to compensate members of a NPD project team either, as individuals (e.g. based on their functional contribution to overall value) or as a team (e.g. based on the overall profit generated). We find that neither team nor individual based compensation is preferred for all types of projects. Specifically, when there is higher uncertainty, the firm can benefit by employing team-based compensation. We discuss the implications of our findings towards the firm's ability to pursue different types of projects. In Chapter 3, we look at the strategic resource allocation processes that are employed by firms in order to decide whether NPD initiatives get funded or not. We find that there is not a "one size fits all" resource allocation process that all firms should employ. Furthermore,we extend this finding by further by providing a rationale explaining why even a single firm could benefit by employing multiple processes internal to the firm. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically explore how key managerial levers of the firm (i.e. incentives, tolerance for failure, and project management structure) affect an individual's propensity to invest in a project. Our analysis brings forth several under-explored and novel aspects. We examine how multiple managerial levers work in concert with one another (revealing interactions that, to our knowledge, have not been exposed). We also recognize an important aspect of most (if not all) NPD contexts: the probability of success is strongly tied to the level of resources that are invested.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The study focusses on the transport sector, where company participation level is measured at approximately 20% of levy paying enterprises, and this level is mostly based on relatively high levels of participation from large and medium sized companies. The study explores the relationship between SETAs (sector education training authorities) and the companies within the sectors they are mandated to serve by researching the TETA maritime sub sector. The research focus is on small companies and the focus is specifically on the low rate of participation of smaller entities in the skills development landscape. The consequences of the lack of participation are investigated and the study concludes that the SETAs ability to effectively research its sector skills, as well as the SETAs ability to provide effective skills planning in support of the national agenda, are both negatively affected by current levels of poor participation. The research was conducted on small fishing companies registered with the Transport Education and Training Authority (TETA), in order to determine the reasons for low participation in the government mandatory grant scheme. The research is survey based across participating small companies and non-participating small companies.