Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease which causes a slow degeneration of the body. Living with this disease means being exposed to severe strain and every day could bring new losses. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis does not cause any harm to the intellect, the mind remains unaffected. The aim of this study was to achieve an understanding, and to shed light on the nature of positive life experiences of people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This literature study is based on detailed examination of three person's narrations taken from their autobiography and biographies. Although each person's story was different, some themes were recurring. The most powerful themes to emerge from this study was the vital importance of a sense of coherence, being able to cope, feeling hopeful, finding quality of life and engaging in good intrapersonal relationships.

Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2007

No description available.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressively neurodegenerative motor neuron disease. ALS is chiefly characterised by atrophy and weakness of muscles, dysarthria and dysphagia being the foremost domains relevant to speech and language pathologists. The main purpose of this study was to investigate how the caretaking of patients with ALS is handled by speech and language pathologists regarding assessment, treatment and counselling. Furthermore the aim was to plot the access to guidelines for this group of patients at the regional hospitals of Sweden and what directions speech and language pathologists are given therein. The study was conducted using a questionnaire. The participants of the study were geographically scattered licensed speech and language pathologists who are clinically active with the group of patients at hand. The questionnaire was sent to 32 speech and language pathologists, of which 23 (72 %) answered. The acquirement of guidelines was done through contact by e-mail with each regional hospital respectively. The result shows variation within the caretaking of patients with ALS, due to differences in symptoms between patients. However, it is noted that the core is optimising the preservation of the patient's abilities and counselling on strategies. Out of the 7 regional hospitals of Sweden 2 have guidelines. Within these are recommendations for continuous and needs-oriented assessment, treatment, information and counselling. The content of the guidelines is overall unanimous with the questionnaire result. / Amyotrofisk lateral skleros (ALS) är en progressivt neurodegenerativ motorneuronsjukdom (MNS). ALS kännetecknas framför allt av muskelatrofi och -svaghet, med dysartri och dysfagi som främsta logopediska områden. Denna studie syftade huvudsakligen till att undersöka hur det logopediska omhändertagandet av ALS-patienter ser ut beträffande bedömning, behandling och rådgivning. Vidare avsågs att kartlägga hur tillgången till vårdprogram för patientgruppen ser ut vid Sveriges regionsjukhus och vilka riktlinjer logopeder ges däri. Studien genomfördes via en enkätundersökning. I studien deltog geografiskt spridda legitimerade logopeder kliniskt aktiva med aktuell patientgrupp. Enkäten skickades till 32 logopeder, av vilka 23 (72 %) svarade. Inhämtningen av vårdprogram skedde genom kontakt med respektive regionsjukhus via e-post. Resultatet visar att det logopediska omhändertagandet av ALS-patienter varierar, som följd av skillnader i sjukdomsbilden patienter emellan. Gemensamt är dock att fokus ligger på bibehållande av patientens förmågor samt rådgivning kring strategier. Av Sveriges 7 regionsjukhus har 2 vårdprogram och ytterligare 1 har skriftliga rutiner. I dessa förordas kontinuerlig och behovsanpassad bedömning, behandling samt information och rådgivning. Vårdprogrammens innehåll är övergripande samstämt med de inkomna enkätsvaren.

With general advancements in computer technology and development ofdirect geo-referencing technology, such as GPS, airborne laser scanningsystems came into widespread use especially after 2002. In spite of relativelyhigh cost of purchase, the systems proved to be cost effective, providing fastand in large volumes 3D geospatial data acquisition with unprecedentedaccuracy and relatively modest processing complexity. Country-widecollection of laser scanning data, mainly due to DTM derivation, is becomingan attractive possibility for mapping. Since 2009, Swedish Government hasapproved and financed the project of developing the New National ElevationModel (NNH) for the country of Sweden, with aspects of monitoring climatechanges and other environmental impacts. The National Land Survey ofSweden, which is commissioned to carry out the project, is offering this highlyaccurate scanned data less expensive to secondary users, such as companiesspecialized in forestry applications, etc. Beside the geospatial data (X, Y, Z),laser systems additionally record the received signal intensity for eachmeasurement. So far, intensity values were just an additional variable, notused extensively, but in recent years many efforts have been made tounderstand and interpret these values. The wider use of intensity data ismissing due to the lack of techniques to calibrate them, so that theyrepresent values proportional to the scattering characteristics of the target. Inthe scope of this thesis it was examined which properties influence intensityvalues and to what degree. Already proposed methods for calibration weresummarized and the most suitable one was implemented based on the datafrom the NNH project and instruments used for it. The results proved to begood both empirically and visually, with reduced intensity variations over thesame targets. The potentials of using this corrected data are presented, suchas surface classification, automatic object recognition, multi-temporalanalysis, and more.

Autophagy is a critical cellular process that is implicated in a vast array of human diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The targets of this degradative mechanism are frequently altered depending upon the inducing condition, however exactly how these targets change has rarely been explored on a proteomic level. To assess the targets of autophagy, this project analyzed the proteome of lysosomes collected by immunoprecipitation from cells undergoing starvation or recovering from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induces stress granule formation and is frequently used as a cellular model for ALS. Our results show that while lysosomes from these two conditions retain a similar array of traditionally lysosomal proteins, they nevertheless display substantial differences indicating that their autophagic targets differ. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) as well as gene ontology (GO) term analysis, the purine biosynthesis pathway was identified as being significantly enriched in lysosomes collected from sodium arsenite treated cells. The enrichment of the purine biosynthesis pathway was heavily dependent on ATG7, indicating these proteins localized to the lysosome primarily through macroautophagy. IMPDH2, the rate-limiting enzyme for guanylate production in the purine biosynthesis pathway drew particular attention due to its significant enrichment in sodium arsenite lysosomes, and its partial dependence on ATG7. Due to this discovery, and the presence of KFERQ-like sequences within the protein, our data suggests that IMPDH2 may localize to the lysosome through both macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, numerous ALS-linked proteins were identified to be enriched in sodium arsenite lysosomes including SOD1, DCTN1, PFN1, TUBA4A, SQSTM1, VCP, CHMP2B, TDP-43, VAPB and TMEM106B. Their presence within the lysosome strengthens arguments that autophagy plays a key role in ALS. Overall, this project confirms the changing substrates of autophagy depending on the environmental condition and highlights the purine biosynthesis pathway as being involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att sammanställa aktuell forskning som beskriver hur det är att leva med Amyotrofisk Lateral Skleros (ALS). Metod: Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Tolv artiklar med kvalitativ ansats valdes ut och kvalitetsgranskades enligt granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att de som drabbades av ALS, en obotlig sjukdom, och deras närstående utsattes för stora psykologiska påfrestningar. Det fanns en rädsla och oro över att förlora kroppsfunktioner utan förvarning och detta medförde att patienter med ALS kände sig som fångar i den egna kroppen. Självförtroende och självkänsla rubbades negativt och bidrog till stunder av isolering, uppgivenhet och frustration. För att hantera sin livssituation använde sig patienter med ALS av olika strategier och livsstilsförändringar för att underlätta och möjliggöra ett oberoende i vardagen. Känslor av skuld och skam över familjens lidande i samband med sjukdomen ALS kunde bli en börda att bära för patienter med ALS och dessa känslor kunde generera till ett ökat kontrollbehov av omgivningen. Patienter med ALS hade kvar en känsla av hopp inför framtiden. Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten kan öka förståelsen hos sjuksköterskan och de närstående hur det är att leva med sjukdomen ALS och därmed skapa bättre individuella förutsättningar för god omvårdnad och god omsorg för patienter med ALS.

Bakgrund: ALS är en ständigt progredierande sjukdom som medför att muskelfunktionen reduceras. Detta pågår tills personen inte längre kan röra sig eller tala och till slut drabbas andningsorganen. Det leder slutligen till att personen avlider. Att drabbas av en obotlig sjukdom är en livsförändrande omställning vilket utsätter både den drabbade personen och dennes anhöriga för psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med ALS. Metod: Denna litteraturöversikt har inkluderat elva vetenskapliga artiklar som hämtats från CINAHL Complete och PubMed. Vald metod har utformats efter Fribergs metod. Resultat: I litteraturöversiktens resultat framkom fyra teman och två subteman. Dessa var: Upplevelsen av förlorad kontroll, Personers upplevelse av den fysiska förlusten och dess hantering (subtema), Personers upplevelse av att inte veta vad som kommer att hända (subtema), Personers upplevda sociala isolering, Hur hjälp och information upplevdes av personerna och Personers upplevelse av hur familjerelationer påverkas av ALS. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuterades utefter vetenskapliga artiklar som diskuteras utifrån Travelbee’s definition av människa. De dominerande faktorerna berörde oro inför framtiden och en negativt förändrad självbild, att behålla en positiv syn relaterat till hopp samt isolering. / Background: ALS is a constant progressive disease that causes reduced muscle function. This continues until the person is no longer able to move or speak and eventually affects the respiratory organs. This will ultimately lead to the person’s death. To suffer from an incurable disease is a life-changing transformation that puts great mental distress on both the affected person and on the person's relatives. Aim: The aim is to describe the experiences of people living with ALS. Method: This literature study has included eleven scientific papers taken from the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed. The method has been designed by Friberg. The consensus concept the human being has been used. Results: The results of this literature study revealed four themes and two subthemes. These themes were The experience of not being in control, The experience of the physical loss and how to handle it (subtheme), The experience of not knowing what is going to happen (subtheme), The experience of social isolation, How help and information was perceived by the persons with ALS and Persons’ experience of how family relations are affected by ALS. Discussions: The results were discussed based on relevant scientific papers linked to Travelbee's definition of the human being. The dominating factors that were discussed from the results were a concern regarding the future and a negatively changed self-image, to maintain a positive attitude related to hope and isolation.

Orientador: Ronei Jesus Poppi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T13:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco_PauloHenrique_D.pdf: 2630074 bytes, checksum: 4918a95e8c129f263c743c2c5b2a98ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A influência da radiação UV e pH no equilíbrio de espécies de antocianinas de plantas do gênero Hibiscus foi estudada por métodos quimiométricos. Antocianinas provenientes de extratos de 3 diferentes flores da família Malvaceae (Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Hibiscus Acetosella e Malvaviscus Penduliflorus) foram utilizadas no estudo. Análises espectrofotométricas nas regiões UV-Vis foram realizadas, comparando-se os espectros e a cinética resultante de análises realizadas com e sem exposição à radiação UV em soluções tampão com valores de pH variando de 1,5 até 12,7 e Análise por Injeção em Fluxo (FIA) para o cálculo das constantes de equilíbrio dos compostos encontrados. Para isso, foram utilizados métodos quimiométricos de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), PCA multi-modo (MPCA), Pure, Decomposição de Valores Singulares (SVD) e Resolução Multivariada de Curvas com Mínimos Quadrados Alternados (MCR-ALS). Com o objetivo de encontrar com maior confiabilidade o número de espécies presentes assim como caracterizá-las, o método MCR-ALS foi aplicado utilizando-se matrizes individuais e também com matrizes aumentadas. A partir dos resultados obtidos pela aplicação dos métodos quimiométricos foi sugerido um sistema de equilíbrio entre as diferentes formas químicas encontradas nos diferentes valores de pH, e a partir dos resultados obtidos por FIA, foram calculadas as constantes de equilíbrio para algumas das espécies encontradas / Abstract: The influence of UV radiation and pH at the anthocyanin species equilibra, extracted from plants of Hibiscus gender was studied with chemometric methods. Anthocyanins from different extracts of 3 different flowers of Malvaceae family (Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Hibiscus Acetosella and Malvaviscus Penduliflorus) were used at this investigation. Spectrophotometric analysis at UV-Visible range were performed, comparing spectra and kinetic behavior from analysis with and without UV radiation exposure by using buffer solutions with pH varying from 1.5 to 12.7 and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) to calculate the equilibra constants to the compounds found in the samples. Chemometric methods as Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Multy-Way PCA, Pure, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alterning Least Squares (MCR-ALS) were applied. Aiming to find out the number of species, as well as, to characterize them, the MCR-ALS method was applied by using individual and augmented matrix strategy. From the results of the chemometric methods application it was proposed an equilibra system to the species found at different pH values and from FIA results, the equilibra constants were calculated to some of the species / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências