Understanding how nutrient input into coastal wetlands influences aquatic vegetation and the fate of anthropogenic nutrient inputs can help improve water quality management plans. The goals of this study were to (1) compare nutrient concentrations in various storage compartments downstream from two point nutrient sources (a sewage treatment plant outfall and a residential detention basin) in Armand Bayou, a coastal brackish wetland in the Galveston Bay (Texas, USA) watershed, and (2) determine if nutrient storage in those compartments helped improve water quality downstream. Water column nutrients can be assimilated by aquatic vegetation, adsorbed to sediment, or diluted within the system as distance from source input increases. To determine the fate of nutrients to Armand Bayou, I measured nutrient concentrations in the sediment, water column, pore water, and tissue of exotic and restored native plants downstream from a sewage treatment plant and a residential detention basin. To assess nutrient removal potential of a common exotic species, I determined relative growth and nutrient uptake rates of Eichhornia crassipes. Water column total nitrogen, NH₄⁺ and NO₃ˉ concentrations decreased by 95, 96 and 99 percent downstream from the sewage outfall (~2200 m distance). Water column NH₄⁺ and NO₂ˉ concentrations decreased by 93 and 75 percent downstream from the detention basin (~2500 m distance). Exotic species Alternanthera philoxeroides, Pistia stratiotes and E. crassipes showed higher aboveground/emergent tissue nutrient content than restored, native Schoenoplectus californicus for both tributaries. Schoenoplectus californicus had the largest biomass although appeared to be limited in its ability to remove nitrogen from the water column. Nutrient uptake rates by E. crassipes were low and did not change with increasing distance from nutrient source, but high relative growth rates in both tributaries suggest the nuisance potential of this exotic species. Low sediment and pore water nutrient concentrations for both tributaries suggest these compartments are not sinks. All plant species did not respond to changes in water column nutrient concentrations with increasing distance from source input suggesting dilution to be the main factor in water column nutrient decline for both tributaries. This study will provide water quality resource managers guidance on the development of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for water bodies impaired by high nutrient loading and the implementation of wetland plants efficient in nutrient removal for water quality improvement.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-15T19:21:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAT.pdf: 10785085 bytes, checksum: 69ccc2d94ef0cf944d85e6cf91c78d59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-12T19:55:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAT.pdf: 10785085 bytes, checksum: 69ccc2d94ef0cf944d85e6cf91c78d59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-12T19:55:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAT.pdf: 10785085 bytes, checksum: 69ccc2d94ef0cf944d85e6cf91c78d59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T20:03:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMAT.pdf: 10785085 bytes, checksum: 69ccc2d94ef0cf944d85e6cf91c78d59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Alternanthera brasiliana is a plant widely used by Brazilian people as a folk medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases, especially due to its antibiotic properties. Using dereplication strategies, we identified antibiotic compounds as modified fatty acids, which are closely related to oxylipins. The biosynthesis of these compounds could be related with the presence of endophytic bacteria. Thus, we established axenic cultures of A. brasiliana and developed methods for detection and quantification of bacterial cells in plant tissues. We also performed initial re-inoculation experiments with endophytic bacteria isolated from A. brasiliana. In addition, method for quantification of phytohormones and oxylipins in plant tissues were developed. The results reinforced the correlation between both the amount of bacteria and oxylipins in A. brasiliana tissues. / Alternanthera brasiliana é uma planta amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira para o tratamento de diversas doenças, principalmente devido a suas propriedades antibióticas. Durante este trabalho, utilizou-se estratégias de desreplicação a fim de se identificar os compostos antibióticos presentes nesta planta. Esses compostos foram identificados como ácidos graxos oxidados pertencentes a classe das oxilipinas. A biossíntese destes compostos esta comumente relacionada a situações de estresse biótico e abiótico em plantas. Dessa forma, nos estabelecemos métodos para a detecção e quantificação de células bacterianas em tecidos vegetais. Também foram realizados experimentos iniciais de re-inoculação de bactérias endofíticas isoladas de A. brasiliana. Além disso, foram desenvolvidos métodos para a quantificação de fitohormônios e oxilipinas em tecidos vegetais. Os resultados obtidos até o momento ressaltam a possibilidade de bactérias endofíticas influenciarem a produção de oxilipinas (compostos antibióticos) na planta A. brasiliana.. / FAPESP: 2007/03771-7 / FAPESP: 2008/07494-0 / FAPESP: 2010/17925-9 / FAPESP: 2012/20932-2

This master thesis is a study of the feasibility of in situ soil remediation techniques in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It first looks at the existing on site remediation techniques and assesses how feasible they appear in the conditions of Dar es Salaam. Two methods were interpreted as more feasible than others, namely reactive zone remediation and phytoremediation. The feasibility of phytoremediation was assessed by sampling locally occurring plants and comparing their content of Cu, Pb and Zn with the respective content of the soil they grew in. If the content in the plants were elevated as compared to the soil content, the plant was deemed interesting from a phytoremediation point of view.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-10-17T13:34:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4089586 bytes, checksum: d870cc4b1e255a4c1ee3e8dc54183ced (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T13:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4089586 bytes, checksum: d870cc4b1e255a4c1ee3e8dc54183ced (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A água doce é fonte primária de recursos para a sociedade, tais como produção de alimentos e atividades industriais. As previsões com relação a escassez de água para o suprimento das necessidades básicas do homem, têm sido motivo de intensas pesquisas visando a maximização do seu aproveitamento. Assim sendo grande atenção é dada a plantas com capacidade de limpar a água, principalmente as aquáticas e o uso de filtros plantados com macrófitas aquáticas - sistema “wetland”, surge como uma alternativa eficiente e de baixo custo operacional quando comparado com os sistemas clássicos para o tratamento de água. Foi construído um sistema “wetland” de fluxo subsuperficial, para o tratamento de água residuária de suinocultura na “Área Experimental e Drenagem” do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais (UFV), utilizando Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Cynodon dactylon (Tifton 85) e Typha latifolia L. Os objetivos foram verificar as alterações morfo-anatômicas apresentadas no sistema radicular e parte aérea destas espécies quando cultivadas no sistema “wetland’; avaliar o comportamento das mesmas em ambientes eutrofizados, verificando a relação entre a quantidade de nutrientes acumulada nos tecidos e a morfo-anatomia, e fornecer subsídios para a escolha correta de espécies vegetais a serem utilizadas neste sistema. Foram analisados órgãos subterrâneos e aéreos destas espécies, coletadas em três tratamentos: Tratamento 1 onde o dejeto de suinocultura chega, tratamento 2, que corresponde ao final do tanque, local menos eutrofizado e tratamento controle, livre de dejeto. Foi confeccionado laminário permanente com inclusão em resina e parafina, coloração com azul de toluidina e azul de astra/fuccina básica para análise do material em microscopia de luz. Para a análise quantitativa dos dados foi usado o software Image Pró-Plus Version 4.5. O material foi fotografado em microscópio de luz acoplado à câmara digital. Após a coleta, amostras foram pesadas para obtenção dos dados de peso da matéria seca e posteriormente moídas para a análise de nutrientes. De modo geral, o sistema empregado pode ser considerado eficiente na despoluição de ambientes contaminados com dejeto suíno, pois foi constatado o acúmulo de diversos elementos químicos na parte aérea e no sistema subterrâneo das plantas em resposta a adição de dejeto no substrato. As três espécies toleraram bem tanto as condições de inundação como a exposição a altas cargas orgânicas; a morfologia foi mais alterada que a anatomia quanto as respostas apresentadas frente à exposição ao aumento de nutrientes foram comparadas. A. philoxeroides foi a espécie que promoveu a extração de um número maior de nutrientes e C. dactylon a que menos acumulou. Em geral o nitrogênio foi o elemento químico mais expressivo nos tecidos das plantas. / Fresh water is primary source of resources to society as the production of food and industrial activities. The forecasts in relation to water scarcity to the supply of basic human needs, has been the cause of intensive researches aiming the maximization of its utilization. So, much attention is given to plants with the capacity of cleaning the water, mainly the aquatic ones and the use of filters with aquatic macrophytes – wetland system, comes out as an efficient and cheaper alternative when compared with classic systems to water treatment. A wetland system of subsuperficial flux was built to the treatment of swine wastewater in “Experimental Area and Drainage “ of Department of Agricultural Engineering of Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais State, using Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Cynodon dactylon (Tifton 85) and Typha latifolia L. The objectives were to verify morpho-anatomical modifications presented in root system and aerial part of these species when cultivated in wetland system; evaluate their behavior in eutrophic environments, verifying the relation between the quantity of nutrients accumulated in tissues and morpho-anatomy; and provide subsidies to the correct choice of plant species that will be used in this system. Subterranean and aerial organs of these species were analyzed, collected in three treatments: Treatment 1 where the swine culture residues come, treatment 2, that corresponds to the final portion of the reservoir, less eutrophic place, and control treatment, free of those residues. Permanent slides were made with inclusion in resin and paraffin, stained with Toluidine Blue and Astra Blue, and Basic Fuchsine. Qualitative analysis was made and to the quantitative analysis of the data, the software Image Pro-Plus Version 4.5 was used. The material was photographed in light microscope joined to a digital camera. After the collection, samples were weighed to provide the data about dry matter weight and later they were ground to the nutrient analysis. In general terms, the system used can be considered efficient in the despollution of environments contaminated with pig residue, because it was verified the accumulation of several chemical elements in aerial part and subterranean system of those plants in response to the addition of residue in the substrate. The three species were well adapted to the system, and tolerated the conditions of flood and the exposition to high organic loads; and in respect to the responses showed by the exposition to the increase of nutrients, the morphology was much altered when compared with the anatomy. A. philoxeroides was the species with the extraction of a higher number of nutrients and C. dactylon was the one which accumulated the smallest number of nutrients. In general, nitrogen was the most expressive chemical element in tissues of those plants. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria

Orientador: Edson Lazarini / Banca: Marcelo Andreotti / Banca: Miguel Angelo Mutton / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas o sistema de plantio direto tem sido adotado pela maioria dos produtores de grãos na região dos cerrados, mas nesse tipo de sistema de cultivo, tem-se notado um grande questionamento quanto ao melhor tipo de cultura para se fazer palhada e acumular massa seca sobre a superfície do solo e a melhor época para a semeadura destas após a retirada da cultura comercial. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de quatro culturas de entressafra: sorgo granífero AG 1040 (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.), milheto BN2 (Penisetum americanum L.) e braquiarão (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), e uma área em pousio (vegetação espontânea), semeadas em duas épocas (27/03 e 23/04/2008), visando à produção de palha, constituição química destas, o recobrimento do solo pela palha e seus efeitos sobre o aparecimento de plantas daninhas, em região de inverno seco e seus reflexos na cultura da soja em sucessão, semeada no Sistema Plantio Direto. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de março/08 a abril/09, na área experimental da FE/UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS (51º22'W e 20º22'S, com 335m altitude), em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com oito repetições. As avaliações de massa seca da parte aérea das culturas de cobertura foram realizadas próximo ao ponto de colheita do sorgo (103 dias após a semeadura). Em seguida, todas as parcelas foram manejadas química e mecanicamente, com a finalidade de acamar as plantas utilizando apenas trator sem implemento. Em sucessão foi cultivada a cultura da soja. Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações nas culturas de cobertura: produção de massa verde e seca; teor de macro e micronutrientes da massa seca obtida; porcentagem de recobrimento do solo no período entre o manejo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In recent decades the usage of no tillage has been adopted by most producers of grain in Cerrado region, but in this type of cultivation, has noticed a great question about the best crop type of straw production and dry matter earning on the soil surface, associated to these facts, the best season for sowing these crops after the withdrawal of the commercial crop. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the behavior of four different no-season cover crops: grain sorghum AG 1040 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), pearl millet BN2 (Penisetum americanum L.) and brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) and an area with weeds (fallow), sown in two periods (27/03 e 23/04/2008), for the straw production, chemical constitution, soil covering and its effetcs on weeds appearance and its effects on the soybean crop in succession sowing in no tillage system. This study was carried out in the period of march/08 the april/09 in the experimental area of FE/UNESP, located in the Selvíria county, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, (51º22'W and 20º22'S, with 335m altitude), Brazil, in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with eight repetitions. The evaluation of cover crops dry mass was made near of the sorghum harvest point (103 days after sowing). Then, all the plots were managed chemically and mechanically, with the purpose of just lodging de cover crops, using only a tractor without any implement. In sucession the soybean was sowed. The following evaluations on the cover crops were made: production of fresh and dry matter, dry matter nutrient content, soil covering percentage between de period of the cover crops management and the soybean sowing and weeds infestation. In the soybean crop, it was evaluated the nutrient content on the leaves and agronomic traits (plant height, height of the first pod insertion, number of pods/plant), plant population, mass... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre