Este trabalho descreve a construção e caracterização de um novo transdutor dedicado às medições susceptométricas e ultrassônicas de amostras marcadas com partículas magnéticas. Este transdutor, denominado de magnetoacústico, consiste de um sistema híbrido formado pela junção de um Biossusceptômetro de Corrente Alternada (BCA) e um transdutor ultrassônico. Seu principio básico de funcionamento consiste na medida simultânea da magnetização de um meio material marcado com partículas magnéticas e das microvibrações da estrutura interna deste meio quando excitado por um campo magnético alternado externo gerado pelas próprias bobinas de excitação do BCA. Estudos in vitro foram realizados para auxiliar no desenvolvimento e caracterização do protótipo apresentado neste trabalho. A técnica de medida empregando este transdutor híbrido foi denominada de vibromagnetoacustografia. As amostras utilizadas consistiram de meios fluidos marcados com traçadores magnéticos (micropartículas de ferrita de tamanhos variando entre 30 m e 70 m de diâmetro). Foi avaliada a dependência da resposta do sistema com diferentes parâmetros físicos tais como: viscosidade do material base o qual foi misturado as partículas ferromagnéticas; concentração dessas partículas misturadas ao material base; frequência de oscilação do campo magnético de excitação; tensão nas bobinas de excitação e a distância entre a amostra e o transdutores. A resposta do transdutor magnetoacústico apresentou melhor relação sinal/ruído em torno de 200 Hz de frequência de magnetização, considerando uma concentração de 4% de ferrita. Acima desta concentração a viscosidade do material base era alterada e interferia na medida. As respostas do susceptômetro e do ultrassom Doppler contínuo possuem uma relação linear com o nível de tensão aplicada nas bobinas de excitação e uma dependência quase linear com baixas concentrações de partículas ferromagnéticas ( 4%). Também foi realizado um teste de repetibilidade no protótipo obtendo um desvio relativo de 0,94% e 0,25% nas medições Doppler e susceptométricas, respectivamente. A medida de vibração das micropartículas ferromagnéticas realizadas in vitro, usando um transdutor Doppler contínuo, apresentou alta sensibilidade para baixas concentrações de material ferromagnético inseridos em meio fluido (~ 1%). / This work describes the construction and characterization of a new transducer dedicated to the susceptometrics and ultrasonic measurements of samples labeled with magnetic particles. This transducer, called magneto-acoustic, consists of a hybrid system formed by the junction of an Alternating Current Biosusceptometer (ACB) and an ultrasonic transducer. Its basic operation principle is the simultaneous measurement of the magnetization and the internal structure micro-vibrations of a medium labeled with magnetic particles when excited by an external alternating magnetic field generated by the ACB excitation coils. In vitro measurements were performed to support the prototype development and characterization presented in this work. The measurement technique employing this hybrid transducer was called vibromagnetoacoustography. The samples consisted of fluid medium labeled with magnetic tracers (ferrite micro particles of diameter ranging from 30 m and 70 m). It was evaluated the system response dependence with different physical parameters such as: base material viscosity in which ferromagnetic particles was mixed; the particles concentration in the base material; the oscillation frequency of the magnetic field excitation; the voltage applied on magnetizing coils and the distance between sample and transducers. The magneto-acoustic transducer response showed a better signal to noise ratio for magnetization frequency around 200 Hz and a 4% ferrite concentration. Above this concentration the base material viscosity changed disrupting the measurements. The responses of susceptometer and Doppler ultrasound have a linear dependence with the applied voltage level in the magnetizing coils and an quasi linear dependence with low ferromagnetic particles concentrations (4%). A repeatability test was also performed to the prototype which indicated a deviation of 0.94% and 0.25% in the Doppler and susceptometric measurements, respectively. The vibration measurement of ferromagnetic micro-particles performed in vitro, using a Doppler transducer, showed high sensitivity to low ferromagnetic material concentrations (~1%) immersed in a fluid medium.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tomaz_ca_me_botfca.pdf: 487855 bytes, checksum: be47693a22aa1ab44526ee86dda601aa (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O tempo de 28 dias recomendado pelas Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS) para o teste de germinação de sementes de Panicum maximum é considerado excessivo para produtores, comerciantes e laboratórios de análise de sementes forrageiras, que dependem dos resultados do teste para a tomada de decisões de controle de qualidade e comercialização. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar o tempo necessário para a condução do teste de germinação de Panicum maximun cv. Tanzânia. Na pesquisa, 30 lotes de sementes fiscalizadas foram submetidas ou não (testemunha) aos seguintes tratamentos para a superação dormência: germinação em substrato umedecido com KNO3 (0,2%), escarificação com ácido sulfúrico (98% 36N) por 5 minutos e testemunha. Os lotes foram avaliados pelo teste de germinação sob duas condições de temperaturas alternadas (20-30ºC e 15-35ºC), com luz (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). Para a identificação da data de término do teste foram realizadas contagens diárias do número de plântulas normais e para cada lote, tratamento de superação de dormência e temperatura, foi ajustada uma curva de crescimento para a avaliação da germinação. As sementes remanescentes do teste de germinação foram seccionadas longitudinalmente e medianamente através do embrião para a realização do teste de tetrazólio. As duas metades da semente foram imersas em uma solução de tetrazólio a 0,1% e mantidas em câmara escura, à 37ºC, por um período de 3 horas e após esse período as sementes foram lavadas e a leitura feita imediatamente, classificando-se as sementes em viáveis e não viáveis (mortas). No delineamento experimental os 30 lotes foram considerados... / The time of 28 days recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS) to test the germination of Panicum maximum is considered excessive for producers, traders and laboratory analysis of forage seeds, which depend on the results of the test for making decisions of quality control and marketing. The present study aimed to determine the time required for the conduct of the germination test of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. In the survey, 30 seed lots were audited or not (control) to the following treatments to overcome dormancy: germination in soak with KNO3 (0.2%), scarification with sulfuric acid (98% 36N) for 5 minutes and witness. The lots were assessed by the germination test under two conditions of alternating temperatures (20-30ºC and 15-35°C) with light (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). To identify the date of termination of the test were made daily counts of the number of normal seedlings for each lot, treatment of overcoming dormancy and temperature, was fitted a curve of growth for the assessment of germination. The remaining seeds in the germination test were sectioned longitudinally through the embryo and medium for the completion of the tetrazolium test. The two halves of the seeds were immersed in a solution of tetrazolium to 0.1% and kept in dark room, at 37º C for a period of 3 hours and after that period the seeds were washed and reading made immediately, sorting out the seeds into viable and non viable (dead). In the experimental design the 30 lots were considered the repetitions, resulting in estimates of the parameters of the segmented regression model for each treatment, was performed an analysis of variance where the treatments were compared to overcome dormancy and temperature. Through regression model was targeted to estimate the time required to conduct the germination test, determining whether the value at which the difference between the estimated asymptote... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Cibele Chalita Martins / Banca: João Nakagawa / Banca: Ciniro Costa / Resumo: O tempo de 28 dias recomendado pelas Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS) para o teste de germinação de sementes de Panicum maximum é considerado excessivo para produtores, comerciantes e laboratórios de análise de sementes forrageiras, que dependem dos resultados do teste para a tomada de decisões de controle de qualidade e comercialização. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar o tempo necessário para a condução do teste de germinação de Panicum maximun cv. Tanzânia. Na pesquisa, 30 lotes de sementes fiscalizadas foram submetidas ou não (testemunha) aos seguintes tratamentos para a superação dormência: germinação em substrato umedecido com KNO3 (0,2%), escarificação com ácido sulfúrico (98% 36N) por 5 minutos e testemunha. Os lotes foram avaliados pelo teste de germinação sob duas condições de temperaturas alternadas (20-30ºC e 15-35ºC), com luz (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). Para a identificação da data de término do teste foram realizadas contagens diárias do número de plântulas normais e para cada lote, tratamento de superação de dormência e temperatura, foi ajustada uma curva de crescimento para a avaliação da germinação. As sementes remanescentes do teste de germinação foram seccionadas longitudinalmente e medianamente através do embrião para a realização do teste de tetrazólio. As duas metades da semente foram imersas em uma solução de tetrazólio a 0,1% e mantidas em câmara escura, à 37ºC, por um período de 3 horas e após esse período as sementes foram lavadas e a leitura feita imediatamente, classificando-se as sementes em viáveis e não viáveis (mortas). No delineamento experimental os 30 lotes foram considerados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The time of 28 days recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS) to test the germination of Panicum maximum is considered excessive for producers, traders and laboratory analysis of forage seeds, which depend on the results of the test for making decisions of quality control and marketing. The present study aimed to determine the time required for the conduct of the germination test of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. In the survey, 30 seed lots were audited or not (control) to the following treatments to overcome dormancy: germination in soak with KNO3 (0.2%), scarification with sulfuric acid (98% 36N) for 5 minutes and witness. The lots were assessed by the germination test under two conditions of alternating temperatures (20-30ºC and 15-35°C) with light (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). To identify the date of termination of the test were made daily counts of the number of normal seedlings for each lot, treatment of overcoming dormancy and temperature, was fitted a curve of growth for the assessment of germination. The remaining seeds in the germination test were sectioned longitudinally through the embryo and medium for the completion of the tetrazolium test. The two halves of the seeds were immersed in a solution of tetrazolium to 0.1% and kept in dark room, at 37º C for a period of 3 hours and after that period the seeds were washed and reading made immediately, sorting out the seeds into viable and non viable (dead). In the experimental design the 30 lots were considered the repetitions, resulting in estimates of the parameters of the segmented regression model for each treatment, was performed an analysis of variance where the treatments were compared to overcome dormancy and temperature. Through regression model was targeted to estimate the time required to conduct the germination test, determining whether the value at which the difference between the estimated asymptote... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-12T20:28:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SegundoCabanillas.pdf: 2228720 bytes, checksum: a6e02304416e03c2afc432c9a11f24f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T20:28:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SegundoCabanillas.pdf: 2228720 bytes, checksum: a6e02304416e03c2afc432c9a11f24f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation was prepared in order to provide subsidies to mathematics teachers to improve the performance of high scholl students of Y Bacanga college of the State of Maranhãao, specifically the students of three years in math discipline, subject refers to the study of complex numbers. The main idea is to use the Geogebra software and using the various features that the software offers facilitate student learning, and motivate their participation in the classroom, making reference to the theory of complex numbers is used in the study and analysis of electrical circuits. Thus, it presents a brief history of advancing the theory of complex numbers and how the structure was completed, using the Geogebra we study their different forms of representation and its operations are carried out, it shows how subject of complex numbers are used in the study of electrical circuits with emphasis on alternating current AC, solving practical exercises and finally it present a basic concept regarding the way to estimate the power electric consumption in a residence. / Este trabalho de dissertação foi elaborado com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios aos professores de matemática, para melhorar o rendimento dos alunos do Ensino Médio do colégio Y Bacanga do Governo do Estado do Maranhão, especificamente dos alunos do 3o ano, na disciplina de matemática, no assunto que se refere ao estudo dos números complexos. A ideia principal é utilizar o software Geogebra e utilizando os diversos recursos que o software oferece facilitar o aprendizado dos alunos, assim como motivar a sua participação na sala de aula, fazendo referência de como a teoria dos números complexos é utilizada no estudo e análise dos circuitos elétricos. Assim, apresenta-se uma breve história do avanço da teoria dos números complexos e a forma como a sua estrutura foi concretizada, utilizando o Geogebra estudam-se as suas diferentes formas de representação e como são efetuadas as suas operações, mostra-se como o assunto dos números complexos é utilizado no estudo dos circuitos elétricos, com ênfase na corrente alternada CA, resolvem-se alguns exercícios de aplicação e por último apresenta-se uma noção básica em relação é forma de estimar o consumo de energia elétrica em uma residência.

Reading fluency is the ability to decode connected text with accuracy and speed (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Daly, Neugebauer, Chafouleas, & Skinner, 2015), and is generally measured by how many words a student can read in a minute. Selfefficacy is the judgment people make about their own performance levels for specific abilities, which affects their motivation and behaviors concerning those abilities (Bandura, 1977). It is unknown if repeated reading or interval sprinting reading interventions have an effect on reading self-efficacy. Two third-grade students with low reading fluency participated in an alternate treatment design, using repeated reading and interval sprinting reading interventions. After each session, reading self-efficacy was assessed using the Children’s Intervention Rating Profile (CIRP; Witt & Elliot, 1985). Results indicated that neither student’s reading fluency increased as expected with single session dosage, but their reading self-efficacy did increase for both the repeated reading and interval sprinting interventions. Student 2 demonstrated an increase in reading fluency and reading self-efficacy following the repeated reading intervention when the intervention dosage was increased. Both students reported increases in reading self-efficacy, even when their reading fluency did not increase, suggesting these interventions may provide benefits beyond simply increasing the number of words a student can read in one minute

Poly (co iso-butyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), an alternating copolymer, was synthesised. For this class of copolymers the formation of an electron-donor complex is invoked to explain their microstructure in which the two comonomers strictly alternate. Due to its polarity, this copolymer constitutes a potential additive for imparting hydrophilic properties to a hydrophobic matrix. In order to obtain narrow molecular weight polymers and study the relation between the molecular weight of this additive and its ability to migrate to the host polymer surface, chain transfer agents were introduced in the system and also the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) process was employed. Free radical polymerisation was first carried out to allow for a comparison with the RAFT process and kinetics of copolymerisation was studied by NIR-FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy in order to analyse the rate of reaction of each comonomer. Dibenzyl trithiobenzoate, 3-benzyl sulfanyl thiocarbonyl sulfanyl-propionic acid and dibenzyl trithiobenzoate were used as RAFT agents. Results demonstrate that only benzyl dithiobenzoate is able to control the molecular weight of this copolymer and decrease its polydispersity index; possible reasons laying behind this result are discussed. It was also found that, in particular in the presence of benzyl dithiobenzoate, poly(iso-butyl vinyl ether) forms. This is an unusual phenomenon considering that the free radical polymerisation affords alternating copolymers and that iso-butyl vinyl ether is a monomer that polymerises through the cationic process. Experiments were carried out in various solvents in an attempt to counteract this side reaction, but no appreciable correlation between the properties of the solvents and the formation of homopolymer were found. Various hypothesis are considered, however it is likely that, in the conditions adopted, the presence of the RAFT agents alters the equilibrium constant of complex formation favouring the synthesis of the homopolymer. In addition to this side???reaction also inhibition of the copolymerisation reaction was at times encountered and an investigation into this phenomenon was also conducted.

<p>This thesis is a survey of the field of languages over infinite sequences. There is active research going on in this field, during the last year several new results where published. </p><p>We investigate the language containment problem for infinite sequences, with focus on complementation of Büchi automata. Our main focus is on the approach with alternating automata by Kupferman&Vardi. The language containment problem has been proved to be in EXPSPACE. We identify some cases when we can avoid the exponential blow-up by taking advantage of properties of the input automaton. </p><p>Some of the algorithms we explain are also implemented in a Sicstus Prolog library.</p>

<p>Syftet med föreliggande studie var att jämföra stressupplevelsen hos unga kvinnor som har bott i växelvis boende med unga kvinnor som har bott i kärnfamilj. Två fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes där sammanlagt tio kvinnor medverkade i åldern 16-20 år. Med hjälp av en intervjuguide, som innehöll frågeställningar vilka behandlade begreppet stress, upplevelsen av kvinnornas vardag och boendeform samt kvinnornas kontakt med föräldrar, syskon, släkt och vänner, besvarades frågeställningarna. Utgångspunkten för analysen har förutom tidigare forskning varit Aaron Antonovskys teori KASAM vilket ansågs relevant då känslan av sammanhang grundläggs i barndomen och fokuserar på god hälsa. Resultatet visade bland annat att de unga kvinnorna vilka hade bott i kärnfamilj endast gav uttryck för en skolrelaterad stress medan kvinnorna med erfarenhet från ett växelvis boende uppgav att deras stress var kopplad till både boendeform, fritid och föräldrarelationen. Studiens slutsats var att dessa kvinnor upplevde fler stressfaktorer i sin omgivning, där framförallt föräldrarnas konfliktnivå och lojalitetskonflikten var avgörande. Därutöver framkom att syskonstödet kunde vara mer betydelsefullt än föräldrastödet för kvinnorna med erfarenhet av ett växelvis boende.</p> / <p>The main objective in this study was to examine if womens’ experience of stress differs depending on their form of living, core family as compared to living alternatingly with mother and father. The method chosen was focus group interviews with two groups with ten young women in the age of 16 to 20 years. The interviews were designed to elicit a discussion on the topics given in the interview schedule. This schedule contined questions about the concept of stress, how the participants experienced their form living and contact with parents, siblings, relatives and friends. The starting point of the analysis has, among other research, been Antonovskys theory of KASAM. The theory was considered to be relevant because the basic idea in the theory is that the founding of “a sense of coherence” develops during childhood and focuses on good health during this period. The results showed, among other things, that the informants in core families only expressed school related stress while the informants in the group alternating between the parents stated that their stress was more connected to their living arrangement, spare time and the relationship with their parents. Moreover, this group also expressed the conflicts between their parents and the sense of loyalty towards the parents as stressfull. In addition to that the study showed that support from siblings could be of more crucial importance compared to parental support for the young women in the “alternating living” group. To sum up, the conclusion of this study is that the women in the “alternating living” group experienced more stress factors in their surroundings.</p>

A project funded by the Southern California Edison (SCE) Company, Research Center of Irwindale, California, has supported the development of a performance and parameter prediction software program for use during the refurbishment of large synchronous machines, turbine generators, and synchronous condensers. The computer program was developed for SCE to allow user friendly input of a machine's physical parameters such as pole/field/winding/stator dimensions, type of steel, and other related information in order to calculate the machine's reactances, time constants, and performance curves. The program also allows some degree of design calculation to be performed in order to meet certain design criteria where appropriate. The theory behind the calculations upon which the electrical calculations are built is obtained primarily from literature published in the early 1950's. Since that time, however, machine design has progressed into ever larger generators, most often in the hundreds of Megawatt range with some units exceeding one thousand Megawatts. This size increase has established the practice of winding the stator coils into parallel circuits to maintain acceptable flux and generated voltage levels. These design practices justify a re-examination of the traditional methods used to calculate a machine's reactances and time constants. Accordingly, the use of parallel circuits in the stator winding and their effect on machine parameters has not, to this author's knowledge, been addressed in public literature. These issues are exam fled and modifications to the traditional formulas have been derived for the reactances along with the process of carrying out the calculations on a per pole basis. In addition, the calculation of the parameter and performance equations of a machine are suitable for implementation on a computer due to the length and often iterative calculation procedures. The procedures used to calculate the capability and saturation curves directly from the machine's physical dimensions are developed. During development of the program a forty megawatt generator was measured in order to test and debug the program. Results of this test case are presented and compared to test values obtained at the time of the generator's installation. / Graduation date: 1994

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att jämföra stressupplevelsen hos unga kvinnor som har bott i växelvis boende med unga kvinnor som har bott i kärnfamilj. Två fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes där sammanlagt tio kvinnor medverkade i åldern 16-20 år. Med hjälp av en intervjuguide, som innehöll frågeställningar vilka behandlade begreppet stress, upplevelsen av kvinnornas vardag och boendeform samt kvinnornas kontakt med föräldrar, syskon, släkt och vänner, besvarades frågeställningarna. Utgångspunkten för analysen har förutom tidigare forskning varit Aaron Antonovskys teori KASAM vilket ansågs relevant då känslan av sammanhang grundläggs i barndomen och fokuserar på god hälsa. Resultatet visade bland annat att de unga kvinnorna vilka hade bott i kärnfamilj endast gav uttryck för en skolrelaterad stress medan kvinnorna med erfarenhet från ett växelvis boende uppgav att deras stress var kopplad till både boendeform, fritid och föräldrarelationen. Studiens slutsats var att dessa kvinnor upplevde fler stressfaktorer i sin omgivning, där framförallt föräldrarnas konfliktnivå och lojalitetskonflikten var avgörande. Därutöver framkom att syskonstödet kunde vara mer betydelsefullt än föräldrastödet för kvinnorna med erfarenhet av ett växelvis boende. / The main objective in this study was to examine if womens’ experience of stress differs depending on their form of living, core family as compared to living alternatingly with mother and father. The method chosen was focus group interviews with two groups with ten young women in the age of 16 to 20 years. The interviews were designed to elicit a discussion on the topics given in the interview schedule. This schedule contined questions about the concept of stress, how the participants experienced their form living and contact with parents, siblings, relatives and friends. The starting point of the analysis has, among other research, been Antonovskys theory of KASAM. The theory was considered to be relevant because the basic idea in the theory is that the founding of “a sense of coherence” develops during childhood and focuses on good health during this period. The results showed, among other things, that the informants in core families only expressed school related stress while the informants in the group alternating between the parents stated that their stress was more connected to their living arrangement, spare time and the relationship with their parents. Moreover, this group also expressed the conflicts between their parents and the sense of loyalty towards the parents as stressfull. In addition to that the study showed that support from siblings could be of more crucial importance compared to parental support for the young women in the “alternating living” group. To sum up, the conclusion of this study is that the women in the “alternating living” group experienced more stress factors in their surroundings.