La forte demande sociétale pour un meilleur bien-être des poules a conduit l’industrie ovocole canadienne à remplacer progressivement les cages conventionnelles par des logements alternatifs tels que les cages enrichies (CE) et les volières (V). L’objectif de cette étude était de comparer les performances et la qualité des œufs dans 24 élevages commerciaux au Québec : 12 en CE et 12 en V. Le taux de ponte, la mortalité cumulative et la consommation alimentaire ont été choisis pour évaluer les performances des élevages entre 19 et 65 semaines d’âge. L’évaluation de la qualité des œufs a été réalisée à 35, 45, 55 et 65 semaines d’âge incluant la masse de l’œuf, la force et l’épaisseur de la coquille, l’unité Haugh, l’intensité de la couleur du jaune et la prévalence des œufs sales et fêlés. Aucune différence significative (P> 0,05) n’a été observée entre les CE et les V pour tous les paramètres de performance et de qualité étudiés. L’interaction entre le logement et l’âge a eu un effet significatif sur la mortalité (P< 0,05) qui a augmenté plus rapidement avec l’âge dans les V que dans les CE. L’âge a eu un effet significatif sur toutes les variables étudiées (P< 0,05) excepté la prévalence des œufs sales. Ces résultats sont encourageants pour les producteurs d’œufs québécois en pleine phase de transition. En conclusion, au Québec, durant le cycle de ponte les performances des oiseaux et la qualité des œufs sont similaires entre les CE et les V à l’échelle commerciale. / The strong societal demand for better hen welfare has led the Canadian egg industry to progressively replace conventional cages with alternative housing such as enriched cages (EC) and aviaries (A). The objective of this study was to compare the performance and quality of eggs from 24 commercial farms in Quebec: 12 in EC and 12 in A. Laying rate, cumulative mortality, and feed consumption were used to evaluate farm performance between 19 and 65 weeks of age while egg quality evaluation consisted of egg mass, strength and thickness shell, Haugh unit, yolk color intensity and prevalence of dirty and cracked eggs at 35, 45, 55 and 65 weeks of age. No significant differences (P> 0.05) were observed between EC and A for all performance and quality parameters studied. The interaction between housing and age had a significant effect on mortality (P< 0.05) which increased faster with age in A than in EC. Age had a significant effect (P< 0.05) on all variables studied except the prevalence of dirty eggs. These results are encouraging for Quebec egg producers in the midst of a transition phase. In conclusion, in Quebec, during the laying cycle the performance of the birds and egg quality are similar between the EC and the A on a commercial scale.

Syfte: Bostadsbristen drabbar alla, i framtiden måste vi utforma bostäder och stadsdelar som främjar social-, ekonomisk- och ekologisk hållbarhet. Flytande bostäder har dessa egenskaper men har svårt att etablera sig i Sverige. Studien syftar till att utreda möjligheter och problem som finns för flytande bostäder i Sverige. Metod: Studien har en genomgående kvalitativ karaktär. Metoderna är semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och dokumentanalys. Respondenter är myndigheter, fastighetsägare och entreprenörer. Resultat: De återkommande problemområden som hittades var ekonomi, juridik och teknik. Oro för tekniska lösningar nämndes enbart av respondenter som saknade erfarenhet av flytande bostäder. Det som skiljer en flytande bostad från en på mark är att dragningar för el, vatten och avlopp dras i vattnet samt att flytanordning och dess anslutning till fast mark tillkommer. Att bygga på vatten blir inte nödvändigtvis dyrare jämfört med att bygga på land. Det är osäkerhet och oerfarenhet som kan göra att färdigställandet av en flytande bostad dyr. Det område som anses vara det största hindret är juridiken. Bygglovsprocessen är längre på grund av att det finns fler regelverk och myndigheter inblandade. Rent konkret är det den svenska lagstiftningen för strandskydd, vattenverksamhet och detaljplanering försvårar processen för flytande bostäder.   Konsekvenser: Genom att ge kommuner större frihet i exploatering av marken kan genombrottet för flytande bostäder i Sverige underlättas. Detaljplaneringsarbetet behöver inkludera vattenområden för att underlätta bygglovsansökan. Det behövs fler referensobjekt för att den flytande bostaden inte ska ses som främmande och för att ge en större kännedom om flytande hus. Idag förknippas flytande bostäder med lyx och inte som ett bidrag i lösningen på bostadsbristen. Begränsningar: Studien avser Sverige som geografisk region. Respondentsgrupperna som intervjuats är myndigheter, entreprenörer och fastighetsägare och därför är resultatet talande för endast dessa kategorier, likväl som ett fåtal respondenter från dessa grupper talar för dess majoritet. Ett skissförslag, kalkyl eller konkreta lagförslag ingår inte i rapporten och anses därför vara förslag på vidare forskning. Nyckelord: Alternativa boendelösningar, alternativ markanvändning, boende på vatten, bostadsbrist, flytande bostäder, strandskyddet, stadsutveckling / Purpose: The housing shortage affects everyone and in the future, we have to think about social, ecologic and economic sustainability in architecture and urban planning. Floating houses has the potential to satisfy all these requirements but in Sweden they have a hard time to settle as a concept. This study aims to investigate the possibilities and setbacks for floating homes in Sweden. Method: The methods of research in this investigation is qualitative. The collection of empirical data is done through semi-structured interviews, observation and analysis of documents. Findings: The biggest problem areas that we discovered was economy, law and technical solutions. Worry about the possible technical problems was only put forth by respondents who had little or none experience in working with floating homes. The main technical differences between a floating home and one on dry land is that the plumbing goes in the floating device instead of the ground, the connection between the house and the floating device and that a floating property doesn´t need any groundwork done. The cost of a floating house is often similar to one on dry land. The economic issues are uncertainty and inexperience, these factors can make the construction of a floating house more expensive. The area that contains the most problems for floating houses is the juridical. The process of getting a building permit is longer due to the extra number of laws and agencies involved.  Implications: Municipalities needs bigger freedom in deciding land exploitation   to make it easier for floating houses to be an established concept in Sweden. The detailed development plan needs to include water areas. Another thing that will help is more completed projects, more projects for reference means more knowledge about the concept, instead of it being seen as just a luxury. Limitations: The investigation refers to Sweden as the geographic region. We interviewed respondents from agencies, entrepreneurs and property owners and the answers can only be seen as representative for those groups. Sketches of a floating home, a deeper calculation of the economy and precise law changes are not included in the thesis and are therefore suggestions for further research. Keywords: Alternative housing, alternative land use, floating houses, housing shortage, living on water, shoreline protection, urban development.

Decades of globalisation and urbanisation are posing intersecting social, economic, and environmental pressures on urban housing markets, that are pushing conventional housing provision to its limits. Accelerated by the covid-19 pandemic, alternative approaches to housing are coming to the fore. Co-housing, a concept combining private individual living spaces, with shared spaces and facilities is (re)-emerging as one alternative, vaunted to have a positive impact on residents' well-being, and promotes sustainable living and housing affordability. To exploit the sustainable potential of co-housing, remaining planning challenges need to be identified and dismantled. In this regard, this study aims to explore the potential and challenges of alternative forms of housing for sustainable housing provision and to analyse the role of municipalities in steering and supporting the development of co-housing. Methodologically, this aim is approached by a systematic literature review and a case study comparing two co-housing projects in Sweden and Germany, using Rose’s (1991) lesson-drawing concept. The findings revealed that neoliberal planning frameworks geared towards conventional housing provision that restrict the development of housing alternatives. Overcoming these constraints is highly dependent on municipal support institutions for co-housing development. In both co-housing projects, the integration of professional developers has provided valuable advantages in breaking down financial barriers and social inequalities, which were identified as the main challenges. However, to promote the sustainable development of co-housing and to break down the conventional political structures for this purpose, municipalities must recognise the potential of co-housing holistically and support and steer it through transparent policies and instruments.