Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by <i>Ascochyta rabiei</i>. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide usage, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objectives of this research were i) to determine the effect of different seeding arrangement treatments on ascochyta blight severity and seed yield of two cultivars (moderately resistant and susceptible) of kabuli chickpea; ii) to compare one and four fungicide applications at recommended and reduced rates and their impact on disease severity and cost; and iii) to assess organ-specific reaction to AB in chickpea in leaves, stems and pods of 12 desi and 12 kabuli varieties that are of economic significance to western Canada. <p>Treatments significantly influenced AB severity on both moderately resistant and susceptible cultivars in a season with a severe epidemic. Seed yield was significantly influenced by treatments for both varieties in both years. Contrast analyses revealed that four fungicide applications significantly reduced the AB severity for both varieties in a season with a severe epidemic and for the susceptible variety in a season with a moderate epidemic. Seed yield of both varieties was significantly higher under four fungicide applications compared to a single application. Solid seeding and paired row arrangements did not differ in their effect on seed yield and AB severity for both varieties in both years, except that the susceptible variety benefited from paired row planting with respect to seed yield and reduced AB severity in the season with a severe epidemic. Reducing fungicide rates and seeding rate could reduce the cost of cultivation without significantly affecting disease control and yield. Economic assessment revealed that in a severe epidemic season, the gross returns were high for the moderately resistant variety under four fungicide applications than one fungicide application. Gross returns for the susceptible variety were higher under four fungicide applications in both years.<p>There were differences among varieties for AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000 seed weight at all site-years tested. The variation was greater in kabuli varieties than desi varieties. AB severity on leaves, stems and pods was lower under high fungicide regimes, with few exceptions. Varieties with a fern leaf type had lower AB severity than those with unifoliate leaves. There was a positive correlation among AB severity on leaves, stems and pods. No differences in organ-specific reaction were observed.

Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by <i>Ascochyta rabiei</i>. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide usage, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objectives of this research were i) to determine the effect of different seeding arrangement treatments on ascochyta blight severity and seed yield of two cultivars (moderately resistant and susceptible) of kabuli chickpea; ii) to compare one and four fungicide applications at recommended and reduced rates and their impact on disease severity and cost; and iii) to assess organ-specific reaction to AB in chickpea in leaves, stems and pods of 12 desi and 12 kabuli varieties that are of economic significance to western Canada. <p>Treatments significantly influenced AB severity on both moderately resistant and susceptible cultivars in a season with a severe epidemic. Seed yield was significantly influenced by treatments for both varieties in both years. Contrast analyses revealed that four fungicide applications significantly reduced the AB severity for both varieties in a season with a severe epidemic and for the susceptible variety in a season with a moderate epidemic. Seed yield of both varieties was significantly higher under four fungicide applications compared to a single application. Solid seeding and paired row arrangements did not differ in their effect on seed yield and AB severity for both varieties in both years, except that the susceptible variety benefited from paired row planting with respect to seed yield and reduced AB severity in the season with a severe epidemic. Reducing fungicide rates and seeding rate could reduce the cost of cultivation without significantly affecting disease control and yield. Economic assessment revealed that in a severe epidemic season, the gross returns were high for the moderately resistant variety under four fungicide applications than one fungicide application. Gross returns for the susceptible variety were higher under four fungicide applications in both years.<p>There were differences among varieties for AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000 seed weight at all site-years tested. The variation was greater in kabuli varieties than desi varieties. AB severity on leaves, stems and pods was lower under high fungicide regimes, with few exceptions. Varieties with a fern leaf type had lower AB severity than those with unifoliate leaves. There was a positive correlation among AB severity on leaves, stems and pods. No differences in organ-specific reaction were observed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abreu_clm_dr_botfca.pdf: 657612 bytes, checksum: f9e8bd93a47dd43e3b223052e61590f2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) e uma das principais hortalicas de valor economico no mundo e e a segunda solanacea mais cultivada, sendo superada apenas pela batata. Essa especie esta sujeita a varias doencas que comprometem seu desenvolvimento, e dentre ela esta a pinta preta, provocada pela acao do fungo Alternaria solani (ELL. & Martin) Jones & Grout. E a doenca mais frequente nos cultivos de tomate oque resulta no uso indiscriminado de defensivos agricolas com alta toxicidade, comprometendo a qualidade do alimento. Neste contexto, estudou-se a acao inibitoria dos oleos essenciais de diversas especies de plantas no desenvolvimento fungo Alternaria solani, in vitro, e no controle da pinta preta em tomateiro cultivado. Na avaliacao in vitro, os oleos essenciais das especies Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus e Syzygium aromaticum inibiram totalmente o crescimento micelial e a germinacao dos conidios a partir da concentracao 750 æL/L-1; Eucalyptus citriodora e Melaleuca alternifolia a partir da concentracao de 2000 æL/L-1, e Mentha piperita na concentracao de 5000 æL/L-1. No tomate cultivado em ambiente protegido, os oleos essenciais de Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus e Syzygium aromaticum, aplicados de forma preventiva, em intervalos de 3 dias, inibiram a doenca na planta a partir de 750 æL/L-1, e Eucalyptus citriodora a 5000 æL/L-1. No cultivo a campo, os oleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum e Cymbopogon citratus inibiram a doenca, mas nao foram tao eficientes quanto o fungicida tiofanato metilico + chlorothalonil. Os frutos do tomateiro cultivado a campo submetido a pulverizacoes com oleos essenciais e o fungicida para controle de A. solani apresentaram maior vida util pos-colheita, em ambiente natural. / Lycopersicon esculentum Mill is one of the main vegetable crop with economic value in the world and is the second solanacea cultivated, being surpassed only for the potato. This species is vulnerable to some diseases that compromise its development, and among them here is the black dot, caused by Alternaria solani fungi (ELL. & Martin) Jones & Grout. This disease is the most usual in tomato crop, and as a consequence, results in the abusive use of agricultural defensives with high toxicity. In this context, it was studied inibitory action of essential oils of several species of plants in the development of Alternaria solani, in vitro, and in the control of the black dot in cultivated tomato. In the evaluation in vitro, the essential oil of species Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus and Syzygium aromaticum totally inhibited the micelial growth and the germination of the conidia at concentration 750 æL/L-1; Eucaliptus citriodora and Melaleuca alternifolia at the concentration of 2000 æL/L-1, and Mentha piperita at 5000 æL/L-1. In the tomato cultivated protection, the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus and Syzygium aromaticum, applied in a preventive form, in intervals of 3 days, inhibited the symptom in the plant at 750 æL/L-1, and the Eucaliptus citriodora 5000 æL/L-1. In field condictions the essential oils of Eucaliptus citriodora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon citratus inhibited the symptons, but werenit so efficient as fungicide methylic tiofanate + chlorothalonil. The fruits harvested in field experiment which sumitted to sprayings with essential oil and the fungicide control, presented greater post-harvest, shelft life in the natural storage.

Orientador: Francisco Luiz Araújo Câmara / Banca: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Nilton Luiz de Souza / Banca: Kátia Regina F. Schwan-Estrada / Banca: Vicente Wagner Dias Casali / Resumo: O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) e uma das principais hortalicas de valor economico no mundo e e a segunda solanacea mais cultivada, sendo superada apenas pela batata. Essa especie esta sujeita a varias doencas que comprometem seu desenvolvimento, e dentre ela esta a pinta preta, provocada pela acao do fungo Alternaria solani (ELL. & Martin) Jones & Grout. E a doenca mais frequente nos cultivos de tomate oque resulta no uso indiscriminado de defensivos agricolas com alta toxicidade, comprometendo a qualidade do alimento. Neste contexto, estudou-se a acao inibitoria dos oleos essenciais de diversas especies de plantas no desenvolvimento fungo Alternaria solani, "in vitro", e no controle da pinta preta em tomateiro cultivado. Na avaliacao "in vitro", os oleos essenciais das especies Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus e Syzygium aromaticum inibiram totalmente o crescimento micelial e a germinacao dos conidios a partir da concentracao 750 æL/L-1; Eucalyptus citriodora e Melaleuca alternifolia a partir da concentracao de 2000 æL/L-1, e Mentha piperita na concentracao de 5000 æL/L-1. No tomate cultivado em ambiente protegido, os oleos essenciais de Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus e Syzygium aromaticum, aplicados de forma preventiva, em intervalos de 3 dias, inibiram a doenca na planta a partir de 750 æL/L-1, e Eucalyptus citriodora a 5000 æL/L-1. No cultivo a campo, os oleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum e Cymbopogon citratus inibiram a doenca, mas nao foram tao eficientes quanto o fungicida tiofanato metilico + chlorothalonil. Os frutos do tomateiro cultivado a campo submetido a pulverizacoes com oleos essenciais e o fungicida para controle de A. solani apresentaram maior vida util pos-colheita, em ambiente natural. / Abstract: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill is one of the main vegetable crop with economic value in the world and is the second solanacea cultivated, being surpassed only for the potato. This species is vulnerable to some diseases that compromise its development, and among them here is the black dot, caused by Alternaria solani fungi (ELL. & Martin) Jones & Grout. This disease is the most usual in tomato crop, and as a consequence, results in the abusive use of agricultural defensives with high toxicity. In this context, it was studied inibitory action of essential oils of several species of plants in the development of Alternaria solani, "in vitro", and in the control of the black dot in cultivated tomato. In the evaluation "in vitro", the essential oil of species Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus and Syzygium aromaticum totally inhibited the micelial growth and the germination of the conidia at concentration 750 æL/L-1; Eucaliptus citriodora and Melaleuca alternifolia at the concentration of 2000 æL/L-1, and Mentha piperita at 5000 æL/L-1. In the tomato cultivated protection, the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus and Syzygium aromaticum, applied in a preventive form, in intervals of 3 days, inhibited the symptom in the plant at 750 æL/L-1, and the Eucaliptus citriodora 5000 æL/L-1. In field condictions the essential oils of Eucaliptus citriodora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cymbopogon citratus inhibited the symptons, but werenit so efficient as fungicide methylic tiofanate + chlorothalonil. The fruits harvested in field experiment which sumitted to sprayings with essential oil and the fungicide control, presented greater post-harvest, shelft life in the natural storage. / Doutor

This Master´s thesis entitled Implementation of management 2.0 principles in Czech businesses focuses on innovative ways of managing companies and their employees. The aim of the work is to evaluate based on qualitative research to what extent and in what form are management 2.0 principles pursued in the Czech business environment. The theoretical part contains definitions of basic management concepts, reasons of management model innovation and description of management practices used in both traditional and alternative management. Based on academic literature, the theoretical part prepares the ground for practical work. The practical part is in addition to the analysis of available information based primarily on interviews with managers and employees of Czech companies that are outwardly practicing various approaches to management 2.0. The work is beneficial especially to business executives and management students, who can deepen their knowledge about management trends in the 21st century. The thesis can serve to future job applicants as a source of valuable information on innovative employers on the Czech market.

Les hedge funds sont devenus des acteurs incontournables des marchés financiers et, pourtant, ils demeurent toujours inconnus ou «mal connus» à la fois par le grand public, les régulateurs et les juristes. À l’heure du bilan de la directive AIFM qui avait pour ambition de proposer une réglementation ambitieuse de l’industrie des hedge funds au sein de l’Union européenne, il convient de revenir sur ces entités dont l’histoire, les stratégies, le statut juridique, les caractéristiques et le régime juridique demeurent, encore, flous. La thèse vise à proposer une définition et un portrait-robot précis des hedge funds via leur identification par leurs caractéristiques, qu’elles soient propres ou empruntées à d’autres entités. Un hedge fund n’est pas un fonds de gestion collective ni une forme juridique à part entière. Un hedge fund peut revêtir tout type de forme sociale et sera communément considéré comme tel dès lors que l’entité s’emploiera à adopter certaines stratégies d’investissement et disposera d’une structure de rémunération et organisationnelle particulière. Ces dernières sont des indices permettant la caractérisation d’un hedge fund dont la nature juridique est quasi-exclusivement celle d’un fonds.Le hedge fund en tant que fonds est, selon le droit français, dépourvu, à tort, de la personnalité juridique alors même qu’il dispose de tous les attributs juridiques nécessaires à une telle reconnaissance. La présente étude démontre que le législateur français a ôté la personnalité juridique à la forme sociale originelle du hedge fund en droit français alors que les arguments en faveur de cette reconnaissance étaient plus convaincants. Un hedge fund en tant que fonds s’apparente davantage à une société hybride qu’à un numéro de compte. Cette théorie s’appuie principalement sur l’argument selon lequel il existe une personnalité morale embryonnaire où la personnalité juridique serait graduelle selon l’entité concernée. / Hedge funds have become key players in financial markets and are still unknown or « poorly known » by the general public, regulators and lawyers. At the time of the review of the AIFM directive which aimed to propose an ambitious regulation of the hedge fund industry within the European Union, it is necessary to return to these entities whose history, strategies, legal status, characteristics and legal regime remain, still, unclear. The thesis aims to propose a definition and an accurate robot portrait of hedge funds through their identification by their characteristics. These characteristics are both specific to hedge funds and borrowed from other entities. A hedge fund is not a collective fund or a legal form in its own right. A hedge fund can take any legal form and will be commonly considered as such when the entity strives to adopt certain investment strategies and will have a particular compensation and organizational structure. These characters are clues allowing the characterization of a hedge fund whose legal nature is almost exclusively that of a fund. However, the hedge fund as a fund is, under French law, wrongly deprived of legal personality even though it has all the legal attributes necessary for such recognition. The present study demonstrates that the French legislature removed the legal personality from the original social form of the hedge fund in French law while the arguments in favor of this recognition were more convincing. A hedge fund as a fund is more like a hybrid company than an account number. This theory is based mainly on the argument that there is a cohabiting legal personality where the legal personality is gradual depending on the entity concerned.