Zugl.: Münster, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

Zugl.: Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2007

Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2006.

This thesis focuses primarily on the field of European cross-border insolvency law, currently represented by the EU Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings (EC No 1346/2000). The EU Regulation considered theoretical conflict between advocates of universalism and territorialism, and is generally regarded as reflecting it in a way of modification, which is represented by distinction between main and ancillary insolvency proceedings. Determination of international jurisdiction in the main insolvency proceedings is inherently linked with the criteria of the centre of main interests (COMI), which serves as a specific connecting factor to constitute both the court with jurisdiction and applicable law, for the purpose of the whole insolvency process in accordance with the principle lex fori concursus. The COMI concept is the root of the jurisdiction trouble, thus this thesis aims at providing substantial information on the concept, since the EU Regulation neglects its proper introduction. One of many issues related to COMI conception is a phenomenon of forum shopping, term used to describe situations when debtors manipulate with facts relevant for establishing jurisdiction, in order to obtain more favourable position, usually at creditors' expense. The thesis also deals with another important initiative in...

A doutrina internacional costuma conceituar o \"forum shopping\" como a escolha da jurisdição mais favorável ao demandante, nas hipóteses em que haja competências internacionais concorrentes. Toda uma série de fenômenos trazidos com a globalização (sejam eles políticos, sociais ou econômicos) repercute concretamente no direito internacional privado, ampliando as possibilidades de litígios em escala mundial, e trazendo consigo diversas inquietações. O exercício dessa mesma opção em jurisdições estrangeiras, ao longo do tempo, tem levado a doutrina e a jurisprudência internacional a qualificar o forum shopping quer como um abuso do direito processual quer como um direito potestativo legítimo do demandante. A proposta deste trabalho é a análise do fenômeno no âmbito do direito internacional privado, com enfoque nos efeitos de ordem material e processual que refletem nos conflitos instaurados no Brasil e no estrangeiro, analisando-se casos de repercussão internacional. / The international doctrine usually conceptualizes forum shopping as the choice of jurisdiction more favorable to the plaintiff, in the hypothesis where there is international concurrent jurisdictions. A whole series of phenomena brought with the globalization (whether political, social or economic) reverberate concretely in the private international law, expanding the possibilities of disputes in a worldwide scale, bringing with itself several concerns. The exercise of such option in foreign jurisdictions, through out the time, has led the international doctrine and jurisprudence to qualify the forum shopping either as an abuse of procedural right either as a legitimate potestative right of the plaintiff. The purpose of this work is the analysis of the phenomenon in the context of private international law, focusing on the effects of substantive and procedural order that reflect in the conflicts filed in Brazil and in abroad, analyzing the cases of international repercussions.

A doutrina internacional costuma conceituar o \"forum shopping\" como a escolha da jurisdição mais favorável ao demandante, nas hipóteses em que haja competências internacionais concorrentes. Toda uma série de fenômenos trazidos com a globalização (sejam eles políticos, sociais ou econômicos) repercute concretamente no direito internacional privado, ampliando as possibilidades de litígios em escala mundial, e trazendo consigo diversas inquietações. O exercício dessa mesma opção em jurisdições estrangeiras, ao longo do tempo, tem levado a doutrina e a jurisprudência internacional a qualificar o forum shopping quer como um abuso do direito processual quer como um direito potestativo legítimo do demandante. A proposta deste trabalho é a análise do fenômeno no âmbito do direito internacional privado, com enfoque nos efeitos de ordem material e processual que refletem nos conflitos instaurados no Brasil e no estrangeiro, analisando-se casos de repercussão internacional. / The international doctrine usually conceptualizes forum shopping as the choice of jurisdiction more favorable to the plaintiff, in the hypothesis where there is international concurrent jurisdictions. A whole series of phenomena brought with the globalization (whether political, social or economic) reverberate concretely in the private international law, expanding the possibilities of disputes in a worldwide scale, bringing with itself several concerns. The exercise of such option in foreign jurisdictions, through out the time, has led the international doctrine and jurisprudence to qualify the forum shopping either as an abuse of procedural right either as a legitimate potestative right of the plaintiff. The purpose of this work is the analysis of the phenomenon in the context of private international law, focusing on the effects of substantive and procedural order that reflect in the conflicts filed in Brazil and in abroad, analyzing the cases of international repercussions.

L’ambition de cette thèse est de proposer la mise en place d’un nouveaurèglement européen dont l’objectif est de donner aux juges des Etats membres lesmoyens pour protéger leur compétence juridictionnelle contre les revendications decompétence des juges des Etats tiers lorsque l’intérêt étatique le justifie. Il s’agit deleur octroyer des pouvoirs supplémentaires lorsqu’ils n’agissent pas dans le cadre del’espace judiciaire européen.Dans ses relations avec les Etats tiers, le juge européen devrait ainsi pouvoirprononcer des injonctions anti-suit pour protéger sa compétence, au soutien desclauses juridictionnelles mais aussi toutes les fois où les liens qu’il entretient avec lelitige sont d’une particulière densité, traduisant d’un intérêt public à trancher le litige.L’espace judiciaire européen devrait également concevoir un système de circulationunifiée des décisions émanant des juridictions des Etats tiers afin de faire coïnciderespace judiciaire commun et espace économique commun au stade de l’exécutiondes décisions. L’objectif ici est d’accroître l’influence économique des juridictionsde l’Union européenne. / This thesis proposes a new European regulation providing judges from theEuropean union with tools to protect their international jurisdiction – when publicinterests is involved – against attempts from Parties to avoid the European forum. Theaim of this proposal is to give European judges more prerogatives when they are notacting under the frame of the European Judicial area.When there is a conflict of jurisdictions with a non-European state, the European judgeshould be allowed to issue an anti-suit injunction when a strong link between the forumand the dispute exists (which induces the State’s interest to have the dispute ruled by itsjurisdictions). This should also be allowed so as to support jurisdiction clauses.Finally, the European union should provide a unique system regarding the recognitionand enforcement of decisions issued by non-European jurisdictions. The aim of thissystem would be to increase the economical influence of European jurisdictions.

Les accidents de transport aérien international de passagers sont sources de contentieux complexes, notamment parce qu’il s’agit d’affaires souvent multipartites, engendrant parfois une constellation de procédures pour un même fait générateur en raison de la pluralité de nationalités des demandeurs et défendeurs ainsi que de règles de compétence divergentes selon la qualité des défendeurs. Même si le transport aérien reste le moyen de transport le plus sûr, sa massification a conduit à la multiplication de ce contentieux, d'autant plus que la volonté de protéger les passagers a conduit les juges nationaux à une appréhension large de la notion d'accident au sens des conventions internationales. Le mouvement d'uniformisation en droit aérien n'a pas pour autant suffi à résoudre la complexité de ce contentieux. Ces conventions ne constituent pas un ensemble de règles autonomes. Elles ne règlent pas nombre de questions de droit et accordent un rôle central à la lex fori. Ainsi, malgré l'existence de ces conventions, les accidents de transport aérien international de passagers sont fortement propices au forum shopping. Plus encore, la Convention de Varsovie de 1929 et la Convention de Montréal de 1999 institutionnalisent le forum shopping en prévoyant une multiplicité de fors compétents au bénéfice du demandeur. De plus, le forum shopping est parfois exercé par le défendeur. L'absence de juridiction internationale compétente en la matière conduit inévitablement à des divergences de solutions, aucun juge ne pouvant revendiquer le monopole de l'interprétation. Cette thèse se concentrera essentiellement sur la comparaison des solutions juridiques françaises et états-uniennes. / International passenger air transport accidents often give rise to complex litigation, as they involve a diversity of parties, with a myriad of proceedings triggered by the same causing event as plaintiffs and defendants may have different nationalities and be governed by different jurisdictional rules according to their personal status. Although air transport is the safest means of transport, its massification has led to a sharp rise in litigation, as domestic courts, seeking to secure passengers’ utmost protection tend to give an extensive meaning of the term “accident”, as used in international treaty law. Although air transport law has become more uniform, these remain highly complex litigations as relevant conventions do not offer self-contained regimes. They leave many legal issues unsolved, leaving a pivotal role for lex fori, and do little to discourage forum shopping. Both the 1929 Warsaw Convention and the 1999 Montreal Convention enshrine the doctrine forum shopping as they offer plaintiffs a diversity of convenient fora. Defenders too may avail themselves of a diversity of fora. The absence of an internationally competent court leads to inconsistent outcomes as no court may lay claim to the only valid construction of a particular case. This focus of this thesis is a comparative analysis of French and U.S. legal solutions.

The thesis is denoted to two principal issues of European insolvency law - COMI notion interpretation and forum shopping. On the background of historic development, it interprets the current wording of European Insolvency Regulation in the light of case law issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union. It also analyses benefits and drawbacks of proposed legislative changes to COMI motion in the connection with the contemplated amendment of the European Insolvency Regulation. It proposes that COMI of companies is determined using irrebuttable presumption of COMI in the place of their registered seat. Further, it distinguishes between positive and negative forum shopping. Also, it provides an overview of risks and advantages related to forum shopping. The thesis evaluates the efficiency of current and potential tools for forum shopping elimination. It also deals with the relation of forum shopping to EU principal freedoms.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Frankfurt (Main).