La cornée est le hublot transparent de l’oeil. Bien que de nombreux modèles alternatifs utilisant des cornées animales ex vivo aient vu le jour durant ces 30 dernières années, les recherches préclinique (étude de nouvelles stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques) et fondamentale sur la cornée ont toujours besoin de l’expérimentation animale in vivo. Elle fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’une réglementation stricte afin d’éviter tout abus et maltraitance. Les animaux les plus fréquemment utilisés en recherche cornéenne sont des mammifères (souris, rat, lapin, chat, chien, cochon, boeuf et primate non humain). Malgré leur proximité phylogénétique de l’Homme, ces animaux peuvent présenter des différences notables avec la cornée humaines qui doivent être connues pour ne pas induire de biais dans l’expérimentation. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de mettre au point les modèles animaux et les méthodes alternatives nécessaires aux travaux du laboratoire BiiGC (EA 2521, Université de Saint-Étienne, France). Ils sont illustrés par 3 projets innovants : 1/une étude préclinique utilisant un modèle de kératoplastie transfixiante chez le lapin pour évaluer la prévention du rejet d’allogreffe de cornée par implant sous conjonctival de déxamethasone ; 2/Le développement d’un bioréacteur cornéen porcin pour l’analyse de la cicatrisation épithéliale ; 3/ l’utilisation d’un modèle lapin de lésion endothéliale pour l’étude de la régénération endothéliale. Ces 3 travaux innovant démontrent la diversité des modèles animaux nécessaires en recherche fondamentale et translationnelle. / The cornea is the clear window of the eye. Although many alternative models using ex vivo animal corneas have emerged during the last 30 years, preclinical research (study of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies) and fundamental corneal research still need animal experiments in vivo. The most commonly used animals in corneal research are mammals (mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, dog, pig, beef and non-human primate). Despite their phylogenetic proximity to humans, these animals may exhibit notable differences with the human cornea, which must be known so as not to induce bias into the experiment. The aims of this thesis are to develop the animal models and the alternative models necessary for the work of the BiiGC laboratory (EA2521, University of Saint-Etienne, France). They illustrated by 3 innovative projects: 1/ a preclinical study using penetrating keratoplasty model in rabbits to evaluate the prevention of corneal allografts rejection by a conjunctival implant of dexamethasone; 2/ The development of a porcine corneal bioreactor for the analysis of epithelial wound healing; 3/ The use of rabbit endothelial lesion model for the study of endothelial regeneration. These 3 innovative works demonstrate the diversity of animal models needed in fundamental and translational research

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-13T19:46:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton De Campos.pdf: 940337 bytes, checksum: 021ef2f826cf8cb696180604e39d1be2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T19:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton De Campos.pdf: 940337 bytes, checksum: 021ef2f826cf8cb696180604e39d1be2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16 / The Brazilian Judiciary can‘t fulfilment its function effectively. A lot of are the causes that bring this problem. Analyze them, constitute the objective of this work, as well as to offer solutions to amend the efficiency of Justice. Is one of the factors that add to with improving the efficiency of Justice, the use of alternatives methods of conflicts resolution. Identify them and determine which are applicable to the Brazilian judicial system, as well as its possible consequences, means to have parameters to discover the prospects of that legacy for Justice to be more efficient. To this end its studies themes of the crisis of the Judiciary, such as themes of the access to Justice and juridical pluralism. The approach is taken, primarily, by the deductive method. Already the methods: statistical and comparative makes the analysis for the study of indirect search. The theoretical basis the use of alternatives methods of conflict resolution focuses on waves theory, that is on book "Access to Justice" of Mario Cappelletti and Bryant Garth. About the prospects for a more efficient Justice, works is from studies of José Renato Nalini. The main results of the research add to for the possibility of increase use of the alternatives methods of conflict resolution, and its concludes that there is hope for a efficient justice and that is best of the population, beyond to ensure rights of the Constitution, as the reasonable duration of the process, and of to give relevance for the principle, of the maximum effectiveness of the fundamentals rights. / O Poder Judiciário Brasileiro não consegue desempenhar seu papel com eficiência. São diversas as causas que geram esse problema. Analisá-las, constitui objetivo deste trabalho, bem como apresentar soluções para a melhoria da eficiência da Justiça. Consiste em um dos principais fatores que contribuem para com a melhoria da eficiência da Justiça, a utilização dos métodos não convencionais de resolução de conflitos. Identificá-los e verificar quais são os aplicáveis ao sistema judicial brasileiro, bem como suas possíveis consequências, significa possuir parâmetros para se averiguar quais as perspectivas desse legado para a Justiça ser mais eficiente. Para este fim estudam-se temas inerentes à crise do Poder Judiciário, como o acesso à Justiça e o pluralismo jurídico. A abordagem é feita, principalmente, pelo método dedutivo. Com relação ao procedimento, faz-se o uso dos métodos auxiliares: estatístico e o comparativo, para a análise da pesquisa de campo indireta. A base teórica para a utilização dos métodos não convencionais de resolução de conflitos se concentra na teoria das ondas, presente na obra ―O Acesso à Justiça‖ de Mario Cappelletti e Bryant Garth. Já com relação às perspectivas de uma Justiça mais eficiente, trabalha-se a partir dos estudos de José Renato Nalini. Como principais resultados, o estudo traz à tona a possibilidade de maior utilização dos métodos não convencionais de resolução de conflitos, e conclui-se que existe esperança de uma Justiça mais eficiente e que atenda melhor a população, além de garantir direitos constitucionais, como o da razoável duração do processo, e de conceder relevância a outro princípio, o da máxima efetividade dos direitos fundamentais.

The subject of diploma thesis is the evaluation of commercial chains, cheese category, in Czech Republic. The methodology is based on the multicriteria rating of alternatives. In the evaluation of commercial chains may take into account the large number of criteria are used, here are 26, which evaluates 14 alternatives (stores). To evaluate the commercial chains are used preferences of general public and experts. The main objective of the diploma thesis is to determine which store is the best for customers (general public) and for professionals, and then to compare the results.Secondary objective is to explore the possibility of using the multicriteria rating of alternatives methods in praxis.

L’action en justice intentée en matière de Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise révèle certaines limites lorsque les justiciables parties prenantes souhaitent protéger leurs intérêts. Par une juridicisation du droit de la RSE à mi-chemin entre la soft law et la hard law, l’action en justice des parties prenantes pourrait être véritablement efficiente. Dès lors, les mécanismes processuels traditionnels sont insuffisants lorsqu’il s’agit d’agir en justice dans ce domaine. C’est notamment à travers l’intérêt et la qualité à agir en justice des parties prenantes que des aménagements de la procédure civile vont être véritablement nécessaires. Des améliorations supplémentaires telles que l’instauration d’une action de groupe élargie au domaine de la RSE et davantage américanisée permettrait notamment aux parties prenantes d’assurer leur défense grâce à un dispositif nouveau très efficace. De plus et par la voie extrajudiciaire des modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges, les acteurs de la RSE peuvent également décider de porter le différend qui les oppose hors de la connaissance du juge étatique. Ce choix d’action peut être révélateur d’une préférence pour une justice davantage négociée. Ces propositions semblent être indispensables à la mise en œuvre d’une action en justice efficace en matière de RSE. Les parties prenantes pourront alors agir en justice de manière inédite afin de parachever leur protection. Les nécessités juridiques et sociales actuelles semblent ainsi faire évoluer le droit afin que les parties prenantes puissent bénéficier d’une action en justice considérée comme un véritable contre-pouvoir face à l’entreprise. / Legal actions brought to court concerning Corporate Social Responsability reveal certain limits when litigants’ stakeholders wish to protect their interests. The Corporate Social Responsability law falls between soft law and hard law. Going through CSR law’s judicalization could really make litigation of stakeholders efficient. Usual processual mechanisms are insufficient once an action has to be brought to court dealing with CSR. The civil procedure will need some changes, specifically relating to legal standing and stakeholder interest. Some added improvement would allow stakeholders to ensure their legal defence thanks to this new and efficient legal device. The setting up of a collective action including a CSR with more resemblance to the American one would represent one such improvement. Moreover, stakeholders can decide to settle the matter out-of-court with an extrajudicial approach, using alternative dispute resolution. This choice could amount to a more negotiated inflection of justice. These proposals seem to be necessary to settle an efficient legal action concerning CSR. In this way stakeholders will be able to litigate in a whole new way in order to consolidate their protection. Current legal and social needs seem to make the law evolve so that stakeholders benefit from a legal action which can be considered as a real countervailing power against a corporation.