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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

"Gibt es einen Großstadtfaktor in der Armutsgefährdung und Deprivation älterer Menschen". Eine empirische Analyse für Österreich.

Heitzmann, Karin, Eiffe, Franz F. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Ziel des Artikels ist es, mit Hilfe des EU-SILC 2005 zu untersuchen, welche Faktoren für die Armut älterer Menschen (55+), die in urbanen Regionen Österreichs (Wien, Großstädte, Regionen mit dichter Besiedelung) leben, verantwortlich sind und inwiefern sich diese Faktoren von den Armutsursachen der älteren Bevölkerung am Land unterscheiden. Armut wird einerseits als relative Armutsgefährdung (d.h. einer im Verhältnis zur Durchschnittsbevölkerung unterdurchschnittlichen Ausstattung mit Einkommen) operationalisiert, andererseits als Deprivation (d.h. als multidimensionale Benachteiligung). Die Ergebnisse auf Basis von binären logistischen Regressionen legen nahe, dass individuelle Merkmale (z.B. Alter, Geschlecht, Gesundheitszustand, Haupttätigkeit etc.) ebenso Unterschiede zwischen von Armutsgefährdung und Deprivation betroffenen und nicht-betroffenen älteren Personen erklären wie Haushaltsmerkmale (z.B. Zusammensetzung des Haushalts, Rechtsverhältnis an der Wohnung etc.). Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen urbanen und ländlichen Regionen zeigen sich demgegenüber nicht. In Österreich dürfte es daher keinen ausgeprägten Großstadtfaktor zur Erklärung von Unterschieden in den aggregierten Armutsraten zwischen der ländlichen und der städtischen Bevölkerung geben. Diese dürften damit vornehmlich auf die unterschiedliche Bevölkerungsstruktur in urbanen und ländlichen Regionen zurückgehen. (Autorenabstract) / Series: Forschungsberichte des Forschungsinstituts für Altersökonomie
2

Challenges of Reforming the Welfare State

Arent, Stefan 25 November 2014 (has links) (PDF)
In the first part of this doctoral thesis we analyse changes in old-age income risk in Germany using micro-simulation model due to changes in employment patterns and institutional reforms. We focus on the statutory pension scheme and we analyse the old-age income risk of individuals as well as of households with respect to the skill level. Our findings help to clarify the risk of post-retirement poverty for specific household constellations We find that the risk of old-age poverty will increase for almost all new pensioners in 2020-2022 compared to new pensioners in 2004-2006. Due to the characteristics of a PAYG pension system, political decision-makers have to improve labour market participation, e.g. by support the improvement of skill level. Moreover we take a closer look at the impact of the Hartz-Reforms on wages. We use panel data to estimate the effect of the structural break on wages and find strong evidence that the decrease in unemployment benefit lowered wages. Our findings show that the Hartz-Reform induced wage restraint and may also be partly responsible for the favourable labour market situation in Germany. After analysing the effect of institutional reforms on old-age income and wage, we examine whether households adjust their savings behaviour to a change in their individual unemployment, income and health expectations. We use survey panel data on German household savings and expectations. The findings suggest, in contrast to the theory of textbook models, that a higher unemployment expectation significantly decreases the (short-term) saving rate. This result may be due to labour market legislation after the Hartz-Reforms.
3

Challenges of Reforming the Welfare State: Four Essays on the Impact of Institutional Reforms on Individuals in Germany

Arent, Stefan 08 April 2014 (has links)
In the first part of this doctoral thesis we analyse changes in old-age income risk in Germany using micro-simulation model due to changes in employment patterns and institutional reforms. We focus on the statutory pension scheme and we analyse the old-age income risk of individuals as well as of households with respect to the skill level. Our findings help to clarify the risk of post-retirement poverty for specific household constellations We find that the risk of old-age poverty will increase for almost all new pensioners in 2020-2022 compared to new pensioners in 2004-2006. Due to the characteristics of a PAYG pension system, political decision-makers have to improve labour market participation, e.g. by support the improvement of skill level. Moreover we take a closer look at the impact of the Hartz-Reforms on wages. We use panel data to estimate the effect of the structural break on wages and find strong evidence that the decrease in unemployment benefit lowered wages. Our findings show that the Hartz-Reform induced wage restraint and may also be partly responsible for the favourable labour market situation in Germany. After analysing the effect of institutional reforms on old-age income and wage, we examine whether households adjust their savings behaviour to a change in their individual unemployment, income and health expectations. We use survey panel data on German household savings and expectations. The findings suggest, in contrast to the theory of textbook models, that a higher unemployment expectation significantly decreases the (short-term) saving rate. This result may be due to labour market legislation after the Hartz-Reforms.:1 Introduction 1 1.1 Summary 3 1.2 Contribution to the literature 7 1.3 References 9 2 A Fragile Pillar: Statutory Pensions and the Risk of Old-age Poverty in Germany 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 The German Statutory Pension Insurance 13 2.3 Methodology 16 2.4 Results 22 2.4.1 Male pensioners 22 2.4.2 Female pensioners 25 2.4.3 Relevance of skill 27 2.5 Sensitivity Analysis 31 2.6 Conclusion 34 2.7 References 37 2.8 Appendix 40 3 Is There a Growing Risk of Old-age Poverty in Eastern Germany? 44 3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 The German Pension System 46 3.3 Demographic Setting in Eastern Germany 48 3.4 Data and Methodology 49 3.5 Single-person Households 52 3.5.1 Males 52 3.5.2 Females 55 II 3.6 Two-Person-Households 57 3.7 Widows 62 3.8 Conclusion 64 3.9 References 65 3.10 Appendix 66 4 Unemployment Compensation and Wages: Evidence from the German Hartz-Reform 68 4.1 Introduction 68 4.2 The German Hartz-Reform 69 4.3 Data 71 4.4 Methodology 73 4.5 Results 76 4.6 Conclusions 82 4.7 References 84 4.8 Data 87 4.9 Appendix 88 5 Expectations and Saving Behavior: An Empirical Analysis 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Theoretical Discussion 95 5.3 Data 97 5.4 Empirical Strategy 100 5.5 Empirical Results 104 5.6 Conclusions 114 5.7 References 117 5.8 Data 119 5.9 Appendix 120
4

Altersarmut

Rau, Alex 06 August 2019 (has links)
Altersarmut stellt einen mehrdimensionalen Zustand des Mangels in dem Abschnitt des Lebensverlaufs dar, der für gewöhnlich auf den Renteneintritt folgt. Statistische Daten verweisen auf einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Altersarmut in Deutschland im letzten Jahrzehnt. Im Wohlfahrtsstaat basiert die soziale Sicherung im Alter überwiegend auf vorangegangenen Zeiten der Erwerbsarbeit. Die Verschränkung von historisch sedimentierten Geschlechterarrangements mit einem geschlechtstypisch segmentierten Arbeitsmarkt führt zu unterschiedlichen Zugängen zu Erwerbsarbeit und damit zu einer ungleichen Verteilung der Altersarmutsrisiken.

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