Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göttingen, 1933.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göttingen, 1933.

Avaliaram-se clinicamente e por meio de radiografias interproximais, 558 restaurações de amálgama e 81 de resina composta em dentes posteriores, em 96 pacientes adultos atendidos na disciplina de Clínica Integrada da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram registrados os seguintes critérios: cárie secundária, falta de integridade marginal, falta de contato interproximal, condição da superfície oclusal das restaurações, falta de material restaurador, presença de fratura da restauração ou do dente e excessos interproximais, enumerados de 1 a 7, respectivamente. Somente foi considerado 1 critério para cada restauração. Coletaram-se informações referentes à idade, gênero, presença de doenças sistêmicas, dieta, índice de placa bacteriana, freqüência de escovação, uso do fio dental e substâncias fluoretadas para bochecho. A análise estatística baseou-se nos testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. A análise clínica das restaurações dentárias demonstrou que das 639 restaurações avaliadas, 325 apresentaram um dos critérios utilizados, sendo o critério 4 (oxidação, corrosão e descoloração aceitável) mais freqüente, seguido do critério 1 (cárie secundária). Pode-se concluir que: o principal defeito identificado nas restaurações de amálgama foi oxidação e sobrecontorno (50,34%), seguido de cárie secundária (19,33%); enquanto que para as resinas compostas foi cárie secundária (40%), seguido de alteração de cor aceitável (28%); houve associação entre o tipo de material restaurador (amálgama) e o critério 4 (corrosão e oxidação, p<0,0001) o que 8 não ocorreu com os demais critérios; houve associação entre placa bacteriana e cárie secundária (p=0,046), não houve associação entre placa bacteriana e gênero (p=0,755), não houve associação entre cárie secundária e dieta (p=0,407), cárie secundária e relato de doenças (p=0,329), cárie secundária e freqüência de escovação (p= 0,745) e placa bacteriana e freqüência de escovação (p= 0,903). / It was clinical evaluated 558 amalgam restorations and 81 resin restorations in posterior teeth. It was registered in a own paper these failures of restorations: secondary caries, defective margins, contact faulty, loose of restorative material, poor conditions of oclusal surface restoration, fracture of restoration or fracture of tooth structure and interproximal cervical area over contoured. These failures were recorded by the number one until seven, in order. It was evaluated 96 adults patients from Clínica Integrada in FOUSP. To determine the conditions of oral environment of these patients were asked to them about age; sex; the conditions of health; dietary, act of dental brushing, use of fluoride substances, use of dental prosthetics and buccal open in millimeters. The data were then analyzed by chi-quadrado and Fisher tests. The clinical analyze showed that 325 restorations had failures and the most failure was poor conditions of oclusal surface restorations and secondary caries. An overall view of the results allowed to conclude that main failure in amalgam restorations was poor conditions of oclusal surface restorations (50,34%) and secondary caries (19,33%); related to resins was secondary caries (40%) and inadequate color (28%); there was association between 4 criteria and amalgam restorations (p<0.0001), there was association between plaque and secondary caries (p= 0,046); there wasn’t association between caries and act of brushing (p=10 0,745), caries and dietary (p= 0,407), caries and diseases (p= 0,329), plaque and gender (p= 0,755) and plaque and act of brushing (p=0,903).

A lead sensitive indicator electrode was constructed with a 70 percent lead and 30 percent mercury amalgam billet. Sulfate concentrations in pure solutions, natural waters, and soil saturation extracts were determined potentiometrically using the lead-mercury amalgam indicator electrode and a standard calomel reference electrode. Sulfate concentrations over the range 0.4 to 20 milliequivalents sulfate per liter were determined with an automatic titrator and compared to a turbidimetric method for accuracy and precision. The values obtained by the two methods from twelve saturation extracts and three subsurface drainage waters were not significantly different and the potentiometric method was generally more precise. The automatic sulfate titration method has the advantages of increased sensitivity and speed.

4 ABSTRACT Development and testing of novel non-toxic electrode materials, detection arrangements and analytical methods applicable in determination of selected agrochemicals is the main aim of this Ph.D. Thesis. New working electrodes based on silver solid amalgam paste (AgSA-PE) with organic pasting liquid and other based on crystallic silver amalgam (CAgAE) were developed, their electrochemical behaviour investigated and further used in voltammetric determination of widespread and toxic environmental pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). This analyte could be determined by DPV at AgSA-PE with limit of detection (LD) 1×10í6 mol lí1 and using CAgAE with LD 4×10í7 mol lí1 , both in 0.2 mol lí1 acetate buffer pH 4.8. Attempts to decrease LDs by utilization of adsorptive stripping voltammetry were not successful in either case. Crystallic silver amalgam was also successfully used for construction of microcylindric flow-through cell and tested for amperometric determination of nitrophenol mixture in HPLC-ED system. Both novel electrodes were found to be suitable alternatives to toxic mercury electrodes and the CAgAE seems to be promising working electrode for flowing systems. Method for sample preparation and voltammetric determination of broad-spectrum herbicide Glyphosate in contaminated soil samples was also...

No description available.

Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS) / Mercury (Hg) is an example of a toxic metal that is not essential for nutrition. It exists in organic and inorganic forms in seafood and vapour from dental amalgam fillings respectively. Elemental mercury (Hg0) from dental amalgam was the focus of this study. Dental amalgam is one of the most commonly used dental filling materials and has been used for over 150 years. It is composed of Hg0 (approximately 50%) combined with other metals such as copper and zinc (Zn). These fillings give off Hg0 vapour throughout their existence, and is further enhanced by activities such as chewing, grinding of teeth and drinking hot liquids. Mercury consumption can lead to Zn loss or deficiency, and is reported to displace Zn and copper. Several European nations have outlawed the use of amalgam as a restorative material due to controversies regarding its safety in children, women of childbearing age and individuals with renal disease. Moreover, various studies have reported correlations between the number of amalgam fillings and Hg concentration in blood plasma, urine, faeces, saliva and different organs. Blood, urine, and hair mercury levels are used to predict possible health effects that may be caused by the different forms of Hg. Urine Hg is used to test exposure to metallic Hg0 vapour and inorganic Hg forms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Hg0 from dental amalgam restorations on the status of Zn in the urine. This was done by determining the concentrations of Hg0 in urine, buccal cells and the oral cavity, and its relationship with urinary Zn concentrations in the same individuals. Samples of urine, buccal tissues, chewing gum and completed questionnaires were collected from the participants (women and men) at the dental clinics in Tygerberg Hospital (TBH), Cape Town. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Findings from this study show that there was a correlation between levels of urinary Hg0 and urinary Zn (p=0.02). However, urinary Hg0 did not predict the amount of urinary Zn. Also, no relationship was found between levels of Hg0 in buccal swab or the chew test samples and urinary Zn level. There was a significant difference between females and males in the level of urinary Zn, men had higher levels of Zn excreted in the urine than females (p=0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of urinary Hg0 between males and females. The number of fillings (4-7) and age of fillings were significantly associated with urinary Hg0 level (p˂0.05), while smoking ˃15 cigarettes/day increased the level of Hg0 in buccal swab samples (p=0.002). We were not able to demonstrate a causal effect of Hg0 leaching on urinary zinc levels.

Avaliou-se a resistência à corrosão pelos testes de perda de peso em imersão alternada (solução-ar) e as conseqüentes alterações produzidas nas superfícies dos três materiais restauradores (os amálgamas Dispersalloy e Tytin Plus, ambos de alto conteúdo de cobre, respectivamente do tipo fase dispersa e do tipo partícula única, assim como a liga à base de gálio Galloy), não ou associados a dois sistemas adesivos (All-Bond 2 e PAAMA-2), observadas através da medição da rugosidade de superfície. Confeccionou-se dez corpos-de-prova, para cada condição específica, a partir de uma matriz metálica de aço inoxidável contendo cinco cavidades cilíndricas, com 10,7 mm de diâmetro por 3,0 mm de altura cada uma. Após o polimento, como é feito no caso de análises metalográficas, os espécimes foram pesados e levados ao rugosímetro para realizar as medições imediatamente. Estes foram submetidos à imersão alternada, na solução de sulfeto de sódio a 5 %, por um período de 24 horas e novamente foi realizada a pesagem e obtidos os valores de perda de peso. Depois da pesagem, os corpos-de-prova foram levados novamente ao rugosímetro para obtenção dos valores médios de rugosidade de superfície. Os resultados foram registrados e submetidos à análise de variância, a dois critérios, e ao teste de contrastes de Tukey-Kramer. Dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que todos os espécimes perderam peso e tiveram sua rugosidade de superfície aumentada após a imersão em solução corrosiva; a liga Galloy mostrou valores maiores, tanto no método de perda de peso como no de rugosidade de superfície, quando comparada aos dois amálgamas; a liga Tytin Plus alcançou os melhores resultados; houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os materiais restauradores, mas não entre os sistemas adesivos utilizados, mostrando comportamentos diferentes dependendo da combinação desses fatores. / The resistance to the corrosion was evaluated through weight loss to an alternated immersion (solution-air) and its consequent changes on the surface of three restoring materials (them amalgams Dispersalloy and Tytin Plus, both with high copper content, respectively dispersion phase and unique particle, as well as the alloy gallium base Galloy), associated or not to two adhesive systems (All-Bond 2 and PAAMA-2), observed by measuring the surface roughness. Ten bodies-of-test were made, for each specific condition, in a metallic matrix os stainlesss steel with five cilindrical cavities, measuring 10,7 mm in diameter and 3,0 mm thickness each one. After polishing, as in the metalographic anal ysis, the specimens were weighed and submitted to the roughness measurer to measuring inicial. These were submitted to an alternated immersion in 5 % sodium sulfide solution, for 24 hours and then the second weighting was performed and obtained the average values of weight loss. A second measure of the surface roughness was then performed. The results were registered and submitted to the variance analysis, to two approaches, and to the test of contrasts of Tukey-Kramer. From the obtained results, it was concluded that all specimens lost weight and there was an increasing roughness surface after immersion in corrosive solution; Galloy showed higher values, both weight loss test and the rougness surface, compared to two amalgams; the alloy Tytin Plus obtained better results; there was significant statistical difference among the restoring materials, but not among adhesive systems, showing different behaviors according to arrangement of these factors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CRISTINA COELHO MAGRINI PRAMPERO.pdf: 18020182 bytes, checksum: 99118c08fcb346da81b1238fe9cba067 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / The objective of this research paper was to evaluate the occupational exposure of the dental staff from the Basic Health Units from the city of Barra do Garças related to the contamination of mercury of dental amalgam. It was also evaluated the soil contamination of the city s sanitary landfill which is the possible place where the residuum of amalgam is disposed. In this study, it was identified the ways of packaging, handing and the mercury treatment and the amalgam by the dentists and auxiliaries from oral heath from the time they get to the dental office until the final disposal to the environment. At the sanitary landfill, we collected samples of the soil in the ditch septic transecta where the residuum from health service is dumped, from the ordinary ditch and the outside area from the sanitary landfill so as to compare the results. It was marked four points (north, south, east and west) around each ditch and the outer area and at every point sample was collected samples from the surface, 50cm deep and 1 meter deep totaling 36 samples. It was also carried out an interview at the 15 Basic Health Units from the city with a questionnaire with information about the habits, lifestyle and environmental characteristics and hair sample collection to find out the mercury levels from the dentists (n=15) auxiliaries of oral health (n=15) and a control group, in that case, the community health worker (n=15). The analyzes of the soil and the mercury content in hair were performed by the technique of atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled to cold generator steam (CVAAS). The study concluded that there is no soil contamination from the landfill where the amalgam waste is disposed, and the results found are below the results found in the prevention and legislation related to the concentration of mercury content in the hair of both groups that were observed, and the results were below the tolerance values. As for the variables (length of service, alcohol consumption, smoking, fish consumption, vision and hearing problems and some neurological symptoms) there was no significant difference related to the concentration of mercury in the hair. Although there was no contamination of the dental staff, it is necessary to make the biological monitoring as it was observed failures during handing and the waste of the amalgam. It was also observed that the management regulations of the health solid waste were not fulfilled, indicating that the public service has to have and follow protocols according to the legislation. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a exposição ocupacional da equipe odontológica das Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Barra do Garças quanto à contaminação pelo mercúrio do amálgama odontológico. Avaliou-se também a contaminação do solo do aterro sanitário municipal, local para onde possivelmente são descartados os resíduos de amálgama. Nesse estudo, foram identificadas as formas de acondicionamento, manuseio e tratamento do mercúrio e do amálgama pelos cirurgiões dentistas e auxiliares de saúde bucal do momento da chegada ao consultório odontológico até o descarte final no meio ambiente. No aterro sanitário foram coletadas amostras de solo em transecta da vala séptica, onde são depositados os resíduos de serviços de saúde, da vala comum e da área externa ao aterro para comparação dos resultados. Ao redor de cada vala e na área externa foram demarcados quatro pontos (norte, sul, leste e oeste) e em cada ponto foram coletadas amostras da superfície, 50 cm de profundidade e 1 metro de profundidade totalizando 36 amostras. Foi realizada também uma entrevista nas 15 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município com a aplicação de questionário com informações a respeito dos hábitos, estilo de vida e características ambientais e coleta de amostras de cabelo para determinação dos teores de mercúrio dos dentistas (n=15), auxiliares de saúde bucal (n=15) e um grupo controle, no caso, o agente comunitário de saúde (n=15). As análises de solo e de teor de mercúrio no cabelo foram realizadas pela técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica acoplada ao gerador de vapor frio (CVAAS). O estudo permitiu concluir que não há contaminação do solo do aterro sanitário onde são depositados os resíduos de amálgama, sendo que os valores encontrados estão abaixo dos valores de prevenção encontrados na legislação e que em relação à concentração de teor de mercúrio no cabelo dos grupos estudados, não foi verificado contaminação, estando os valores abaixo do valor de tolerância. Quanto às variáveis estudadas (tempo de serviço, consumo de bebida alcoólica, hábito de fumar, consumo de peixe, problemas de visão e audição e sintomas neurológicos) não houve diferença significativa em relação à concentração de mercúrio no cabelo. Mesmo não havendo contaminação da equipe odontológica deve-se fazer o monitoramento biológico, pois se verifica falhas durante o manuseio e descarte do amálgama. Foram observadas também falhas quanto ao cumprimento das normas de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos de saúde, denotando a necessidade do serviço público em ter e seguir protocolos conforme a legislação.