The aim with this study was to study how preunderstanding of a text or literature makes the reading easier for second language learners. I wanted to find out how we can work with preunderstanding in school and help our students.  The study is based on interviews I did with three teachers. Science shows us that reading consists of two main activities, a visual analysis of the text and an interpretation of what the textual means. These activities run together where the information in the textual and the preunderstanding the reader has cooperates together. The study shows that preunderstanding is very important for second language students. An important reason is to understand a book even if you don`t get every word in it. The study also shows that the teachers use preunderstanding every day in different ways.  They use pictures, discussions and the experiences that the students have. The teachers in the study explained that they let the students choose literature sometimes, but they also decide what the students are going to read. The reason for that is to develop more knowledge among students about new appearances.

The purpose of the study is to develop both a descriptive and critical understanding towards the phenomenon of femicide in Turkey. First, the answers to the questions who commits femicide, where it takes place, what the ages of the victims and perpetrators are, in what ways femicide is committed and what are the &#039 / reasons&#039 / of committing femicide will be revealed through news reports of incidents of femicide. Second, the news texts of incidents of femicide will be analyzed based on the framework of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA). The discourse of framing the incidents will be identified. In particular, &#039 / justifying discourse&#039 / in the language of the news reports will be examined.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the experience of extreme metal musicians. Using a qualitative approach, 23 texts on the topic of "Why I like metal" were analysed. These reference texts were written by death, black, and thrash metal musicians. Additionaly, an interview and artifacts analysis was conducted. Based on the qualitative approach, 12 categories representing the experience of metal musicians were formulated. However, this view did not correspond with the general notion of extreme metal. Two views, one "from the inside" and another "from the outside" of the metal community, were thus formed. Based on the growing dissonance of these two views, the theoretical concept of hermeneutice of suspicion was applied. Based on this interpretative stratégy, four areas have been identified, in which metal musicians mask metal aggresion, primitiveness, incomprehension and inaccessibility. KEYWORDS Metal music, experience of musicians, analysis of texts, analysis of interview and artefacts, hermeneutics of suspicion,

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de apresentar uma nova tecnologia de software especialista, denominada Inteligência Práxis (IP), para a gestão da análise do conteúdo de textos de dissertações, relatórios e indicadores da produção. Este software demonstra através de gráficos lineares e da nuvem de palavras, o foco do texto em análise. Ele também permite a visualização do conteúdo, a partir das palavras contidas no texto e transportadas para um dicionário de dados criado pelas evidências relacionadas, organizando e apresentando para análise do pesquisador o conteúdo proposto como base do conhecimento (Corpus). O software foi implementado em linguagem de programação Delphi, Versão 7 e para armazenamento de dados foi utilizado o banco de dados Absolute Database. A metodologia utilizada para a análise dos dados foi a Metodologia Delphi e a Lógica Fuzzy. Esta tecnologia traz uma inovação na análise do conteúdo dos textos consultados, demonstrando a imagem consolidada do foco do corpus, a partir do dicionário de evidências contidas e pontualmente relacionadas. O mapeamento produzido e a interpretação dos diversos indicadores conduzem a um maior grau de acerto na análise do conteúdo contido no documento, inferindo um melhor entendimento das diversas demandas envolvidas, desveladas pela análise, na expectativa do melhor resultado possível. Assim, pode-se concluir, que a ferramenta desenvolvida atendeu aos objetivos propostos com eficiência e agilidade. / The objective of this study was to present a new specialized software technology, called Intelligence Práxis (IP), for the management of content analysis of dissertations, reports and production indicators. This software demonstrates through linear graphs and the word cloud, the focus of the text under analysis. It also allows the visualization of the content, from the words contained in the text and transported to a data dictionary created by the related evidences, organizing and presenting to the researcher the proposed content as the basis of knowledge (Corpus). The software was implemented in Delphi programming language version 7 and for data storage the Absolute Database was used. The methodology used for the data analysis was the Delphi Methodology and the Fuzzy Logic. This technology brings an innovation in the analysis of the content of the texts consulted, demonstrating the consolidated image of the corpus focus, from the dictionary of contained and punctually related evidences. The mapping produced and the interpretation of the various indicators lead to a greater degree of accuracy in the analysis of the content contained in the document, inferring a better understanding of the diverse demands involved, revealed by the analysis, in the expectation of the best possible result. Thus, it can be concluded that the tool developed met the proposed objectives with efficiency and agility.

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de apresentar uma nova tecnologia de software especialista, denominada Inteligência Práxis (IP), para a gestão da análise do conteúdo de textos de dissertações, relatórios e indicadores da produção. Este software demonstra através de gráficos lineares e da nuvem de palavras, o foco do texto em análise. Ele também permite a visualização do conteúdo, a partir das palavras contidas no texto e transportadas para um dicionário de dados criado pelas evidências relacionadas, organizando e apresentando para análise do pesquisador o conteúdo proposto como base do conhecimento (Corpus). O software foi implementado em linguagem de programação Delphi, Versão 7 e para armazenamento de dados foi utilizado o banco de dados Absolute Database. A metodologia utilizada para a análise dos dados foi a Metodologia Delphi e a Lógica Fuzzy. Esta tecnologia traz uma inovação na análise do conteúdo dos textos consultados, demonstrando a imagem consolidada do foco do corpus, a partir do dicionário de evidências contidas e pontualmente relacionadas. O mapeamento produzido e a interpretação dos diversos indicadores conduzem a um maior grau de acerto na análise do conteúdo contido no documento, inferindo um melhor entendimento das diversas demandas envolvidas, desveladas pela análise, na expectativa do melhor resultado possível. Assim, pode-se concluir, que a ferramenta desenvolvida atendeu aos objetivos propostos com eficiência e agilidade. / The objective of this study was to present a new specialized software technology, called Intelligence Práxis (IP), for the management of content analysis of dissertations, reports and production indicators. This software demonstrates through linear graphs and the word cloud, the focus of the text under analysis. It also allows the visualization of the content, from the words contained in the text and transported to a data dictionary created by the related evidences, organizing and presenting to the researcher the proposed content as the basis of knowledge (Corpus). The software was implemented in Delphi programming language version 7 and for data storage the Absolute Database was used. The methodology used for the data analysis was the Delphi Methodology and the Fuzzy Logic. This technology brings an innovation in the analysis of the content of the texts consulted, demonstrating the consolidated image of the corpus focus, from the dictionary of contained and punctually related evidences. The mapping produced and the interpretation of the various indicators lead to a greater degree of accuracy in the analysis of the content contained in the document, inferring a better understanding of the diverse demands involved, revealed by the analysis, in the expectation of the best possible result. Thus, it can be concluded that the tool developed met the proposed objectives with efficiency and agility.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T12:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma investigação historiográfica que envolve o exame da produção discursiva completa dos presidentes Getúlio Vargas e Fernando Henrique Cardoso, buscando compreender as semelhanças e as diferenças de fundo que compõem a cosmovisão de cada um, flagrando no locus privilegiado do discurso político o alcance da oposição existente entre as épocas históricas em questão – o pós-1929 e o pós-1989 – e suas conseqüências para a experiência republicana brasileira, e procurando estabelecer a medida dessa oposição ao contrastar as idéias-força estruturantes de cada respectivo discurso. Para a consecução de tais objetivos, desenvolveu-se a hipótese de que é possível, mediante trabalho de análise e interpretação, abstrair das extensas obras discursivas em exame respostas para as perguntas: (1) Que idéia de História subjaz ao discurso político de Getúlio Vargas/ de Fernando Henrique Cardoso? (2) Como a memória histórica é mobilizada para compor os termos do discurso, em cada caso? (3) Que / The present work is the result of a historiographycal inquiry that involves the examination of the complete discursive production of presidents Getúlio Vargas and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, searching to understand the similarities and the differences of deep that compose the cosmovision of each one, photographing in locus privileged of the political speech the reach of the existing opposition enters the historical times in question - after-1929 and after-1989 - and its consequences for the Brazilian republican experience, and looking for to establish the measure of this opposition by contrasting the estructural ideas-force of each respective speech.For the achievement of such objectives it was developed hypothesis of that it is possible, by means of work of analysis and interpretation, to abstract from the extensive discursives workmanships in examination answers for the questions: (1) What idea of History can be inferred of the political speech of Getúlio Vargas/ of Fernando Henrique Cardoso? (2) How the his