This study examined, within a multiple baseline design, the development of generalized imitative repertoires and the occurrence of contingency testing in children with autism. Generalized imitation refers to an imitative response class maintained by a conditioned reinforcer: similarity. In the case of imitation, a response class is established by reinforcement of sufficient exemplars of different imitations; the results is a general repertoire of imitating novel responses on their first presentation. Generalized imitation was facilitated through reinforcement procedures involving shaping and fading. Multiple experimenters and multiple settings have been involved to promote the generalization of imitation. Contingency testing, which has been noticed to naturally occur in typically developing children when imitated, was targeted in the examined treatment, by employing a procedure where the experimenter imitated the child. It was hypothesized that the imitation training leads to generalized imitation and that the imitation of the child by the therapist leads to the occurrence of contingency testing. The results of the study show that the shaping and reinforcement procedures determined an increase in participants' trained imitative responding but no corresponding increase in novel, probed imitative responses. The data indicate the emergence of an imitative repertoire in need of further training. Additionally, the results suggest that generalization of skills across therapists and settings has occurred. Imitation of the child by the therapist had been employed for a very small number of sessions. Notwithstanding, the results yielded an increase in the contingency testing behaviors for both participants.

Abstract After our country joins WTO, will face the strong capital competition pressure of the international large-scale financial institution, and after foreign businessman's bank has grand capital, the industry manages completely dark, in the face of so strong impact country the financial market fluctuates and aggravates, has increased the operation pressure of the domestic banking, too. How to transform this pressure into helping hand, utilize aquistion and merger to consider complementarily , lower costs then improve the competitiveness, it is really the question which the banking of Taiwan needs to face at present. Domestic aquistion and merger case or makes up the financial domain that the financial holding company has already affected 14 financial holding companies in Taiwan to reform with the operation pattern jointly at present, but these financial holding companies can reach the value expected and comprehensive result which is greater than two of one plus one ( Synergy ) The goal needs checking and tests directly. It does not belong to the financial holding company at home to spy on put the independent bank, in case of financial market saturation, the profit shrinks, the income reduces by a wide margin, the quality of the assets is not good, so that is it put rate is it wait for numerous unfavourable factor to remain high to exceed, how face assets huge financial holding company lay big bank create life their extremely, whether it is influenced that purpose calls it and manages the performance; Establish financial holding company purpose is it can reach category economy and purpose of the large-scale production to call separately. Purpose of this research, focus on wanting to untie it under the trend of the international finance, can really improve the bank and manage the performance and business efficiency of independent bank to establish the financial holding company under the double pressure of the domestic trouble and foreign invasion and really not so good as finance holding company bank put. Because of above-mentioned backgrounds and motives, so this text hope book probe into by document, materials collect and utilize materials not to make analytic approach of holding in place with a net ( Data Envelopment Analysis , abbreviated as DEA) ,displaying the result of study, it is by offering competent authorities or the financial holding company policymaker to the government and wanting to set up some reference suggestions of bank of the financial holding company. Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis , The materials charter and hold analytic approach, technological efficiency, pure technological efficiency, scale efficiency

The following research was conducted to contribute to the greater understanding of the impact that most often utilized methods of public awareness and education have on behaviors relative to sickness and disease for the general public in terms of action toward prevention behaviors within a healthcare setting. The psycho educational approach is often considered an effective means to promote behavior change as it relates to preventative behavior, and in the clinical therapeutic setting has shown some relevance as an effective procedure. Unfortunately, no research as of yet speaks to the comparative effectiveness this approach may have over other approaches often thought to enhance preventative behavior, such as the more empirically based behavior analytic methods. This study provides such an analysis of the effectiveness each methodology has on changing the behavior of the public at large. Based on a study conducted in the academic setting to increase hand-sanitizing behavior of facility patrons (Loukus & Dixon, in review), this study utilizes the most effective form of prompting found to increase sanitizer use in a public facility. Because healthcare facilities often rely on psycho educational methodologies to influence sanitizer use amongst visitors and employees by placing "sanitizing stations" at the main entrance to the facility, this setting provides an appropriate venue for scientific manipulation of prompting variables to determine effectiveness on public preventative behavior towards sickness and disease, while a simple reversal design enhances the comparative value of effects obtained on behavior through observation and implementation of the two approaches within the setting.

O objetivo desta dissertação é fornecer primeiramente o arcabouço necessário para o entendimento do derivativo opções, muito utilizado nos mercados financeiros mundiais, e posteriormente executar precificações de opções americanas a partir dos modelos dos mínimos quadrados de Monte Carlo (LSM), o modelo de árvore binomial com extrapolação de Richardson e a aproximação analítica de Bjerksund e Stensland (B&S), aplicando duas plataformas de processamento paralelo computacional, a TPL (Task Parallel Library) nativa no .NET framework 4.5 e a plataforma CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture), demonstrando o comparativo dos resultados obtidos a cada modelo diante de cada plataforma. / The objective of this dissertation is to provide first the necessary framework for the understanding of the derivative options, widely used in the world financial markets, and later to execute the American option pricing from Monte Carlo least squares models (LSM), the binomial tree model with Richardson extrapolation and the Bjerksund and Stensland analytic approach (BJS) by applying two parallel computational processing platforms, the native TPL (Task Parallel Library) in the .NET framework 4.5 and the CUDA platform (Compute Unified Device Architecture), demonstrating the comparison of the obtained results to each model before each platform.

O objetivo desta dissertação é fornecer primeiramente o arcabouço necessário para o entendimento do derivativo opções, muito utilizado nos mercados financeiros mundiais, e posteriormente executar precificações de opções americanas a partir dos modelos dos mínimos quadrados de Monte Carlo (LSM), o modelo de árvore binomial com extrapolação de Richardson e a aproximação analítica de Bjerksund e Stensland (B&S), aplicando duas plataformas de processamento paralelo computacional, a TPL (Task Parallel Library) nativa no .NET framework 4.5 e a plataforma CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture), demonstrando o comparativo dos resultados obtidos a cada modelo diante de cada plataforma. / The objective of this dissertation is to provide first the necessary framework for the understanding of the derivative options, widely used in the world financial markets, and later to execute the American option pricing from Monte Carlo least squares models (LSM), the binomial tree model with Richardson extrapolation and the Bjerksund and Stensland analytic approach (BJS) by applying two parallel computational processing platforms, the native TPL (Task Parallel Library) in the .NET framework 4.5 and the CUDA platform (Compute Unified Device Architecture), demonstrating the comparison of the obtained results to each model before each platform.

The aim of this diploma thesis, which is entitled "Media Education in schools - critical-analytic or production approach", is to map the current state of practice of media education in a sample of secondary schools (gymnasiums) in central Bohemia. Our goal is to provide readers with broader theoretical insight into the concept of media literacy (as a goal of any media education), to capture a brief history of development of the perspective on the role of media education, as well as to examine how media education is incorporated within the Czech system of secondary education, and also to reflect on its possible forms of implementation. Last but not least, the intent of the thesis is to describe two basic approaches to media education, both of which are directed to development of media literacy. Our research led by a combination of questionnaires and interviews with educators suppose to be used as a tool that should help us to bridge the theory with an image of factual practice. The research part primarily aims to provide insight into framework of the current practice of teaching media education in secondary schools in central Bohemia, and through interpretation of the main remarks points to (at least) basic issues which teachers of media education must deal with.

本文的主旨在評價二次擔保債權憑證。在條件獨立機率的假設下，我們使用factor copula的方法去刻劃違約事件間的相關係數，並提供了一個有效率的迴圈演算法去建構損失分配。本方法同時考慮違約數目及違約位置，同時亦可解決重疊性的問題。本文所建構的是Hull and White(2004)的延申模型。我們也對各參數作敏感度分析，以求得其對分券價差的影響。文中亦主張一些風險衝量指標，以量化重疊性的程度等風險議題。 / In this paper we address the pricing issues of CDO of CDOs. Underlying the conditional indepdence assumption we use the factor copula approach to characterize the correlation of defaults events. We provide an efficient recursive algorithm that constructs the loss distribution. Our algorithm accounts for the number of defaults, the location of defaults among inner CDOs, and in addition the degree of overlapping between inner CDOs. Our algorithm is a natural extension of the probability bucketing method of Hull and White (2004). We analyze the sensitivity of different parameters on the tranche spreads of a CDO-squared, and in order to characterize the risk-reward profiles of CDO-squared tranches, we introduces appropriate risk measures that quantify the degree of overlapping among the inner CDOs. Hull and White (2004) presents a recursive scheme known as probability bucketing approach to construct conditional loss distribution of CDO. However, this approach is insufficient to capture the complexities of CDO². In the case of the modeling of CDO, we are concerned for the probabilities of different number of defaults upon a time horizon t, e.g., the probabilities of 3 defaults happened within a year. With the mentioned probabilities, we can then calculate the expected loss within the time horizon, which enables us to figure out the spreads of CDO. However, in the modeling of CDO², an appropriate valuation should be able to overcome two more difficulties: (1) the overlapping structure of the underlying CDOs, and (2) the location where defaults happened, in order to get the fair spreads of CDO².