Abstract The Mainland China has been the global newest economic body, having the fastest growth in economy. It is now being developed and built by way of internationalization. It further combines itself with the entire development of the great East Asia economic circle and tries to become the next international economic center all over the world. Its economy fast grows at a speed of almost annual two-digit. It will become the third economic body in the whole world in scale. Because it nears Taiwan, so reasonably turns into one of the favorite destinations which Taiwanese enterprises prefer moving out overseas in recent years. However, the investment risk in Mainland China is very high. When it comes to finance, it is not easy to ask for the loan of bank. When human matter is concerned, it is closing of information and the difficulty about management. As for marketing, you have to face the obstacle with regard to market opening and collecting market information. Concerning about production, the insufficiency of traffic facility and the restraint of electric power supply exist. As to law, the inconsistency about the explanation of rule among the responsible officials and the unpredictable changes in policy often occur. When it comes to general operation management, not only does the administrative efficiency lower, but extra social fees and concoct expenses flood. According to the statistical data of the communication foundation between straits, the number of dispute cases having been received by the foundation is 127 in 1998, almost twice, 70 in 1997. To sum up, the problems happening among Taiwanese merchant about investing in Mainland China are full of all kinds. Therefore, it is sure to raise the rate of success in business only by way of finding out the key success factor¡]KSF¡^about investing and operating. The main procedures of this study consist of the followings: ¤@¡BTo collect and manipulate the concerning domestic, foreign reference in order to analyze the operating mode of steel industry between straits. ¤G¡BTo try to find out the KSF about operating steel industry among Taiwanese merchant forward to Mainland China operate steel industry supervision according to the theoretical mode of habitual domains¡]HD¡^. ¤T¡BProfessional questionnaire - to use the professional questionnaire to collect the KSF. ¥|¡BAHP questionnaire - to make use of analytical hierarchy process¡]AHP¡^ to proceed to the analysis study in priority for the KSF. ¤­¡BAccording to the result of the second questionnaire to discuss, analyze and suggest. Anticipate providing Taiwanese merchant forward to Mainland China operate steel industry the great strategy decision and utilization basis in priority about the KSF from the conclusion of this study.

Medidas para gerenciamento de saúde e segurança em laboratórios são de extrema importância em laboratórios químicos. As pessoas que realizam qualquer atividade em um ambiente de laboratório estão expostas a diversos perigos e, consequentemente, existe o risco de ocorrência de eventos adversos para a saúde e segurança. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em um laboratório químico de uma universidade federal tem como principal objetivo o aperfeiçoamento de uma framework que permite a realização de uma análise sistemática qualitativa e quantitativa das folgas presentes em um sistema sócio-técnico complexo. Ferramentas da Engenharia de Resiliência foram utilizadas para estudar o laboratório, o qual foi considerado como um sistema sócio-técnico complexo. Uma das características de um sistema resiliente é a capacidade de lidar com a variabilidade, o que pode ser obtido por meio de recursos de folgas (slack) no sistema. O uso da framework permitiu obter dados importantes para a análise do sistema e sugestões de melhorias. Os aperfeiçoamentos propostos na framework mostraram-se eficazes, principalmente na quantificação das folgas e variabilidades, em função da utilização do método AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) para a análise de dados. O método AHP tornou possível substituir o uso de questionários para toda a equipe por uma avaliação direcionada a especialistas. Ao utilizar o AHP, os dados podem ser adquiridos com maior rapidez. Outro ganho obtido com o uso do método AHP foi a possibilidade de redução de uma etapa da framework, tornando-a mais concisa. / Measures for health and safety management are of paramount importance in chemical laboratories. People who perform any activity in a laboratory environment are exposed to a variety of hazards and consequently there is a risk of adverse health and safety events. This work was developed in a chemical laboratory of a federal university, and has as main objective the improvement of a framework that allows the accomplishment of a systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the slack present in a complex socio-technical system. Tools of Resilience Engineering were used for studying a chemical laboratory, which was considered as a complex socio-technical system. One of the characteristics of a resilient system is the ability to deal with variability, which can be obtained through slack resources in the system. This work was developed in a chemical laboratory of a federal university and consists in the improvement of a framework that allows the accomplishment of a systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the slack present in the system. The use of the framework allowed to obtain data important for the analysis of the system and suggestions for improvements. The improvements proposed in the framework proved to be effective, especially in the quantification of slack and variability, as a function of the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for data collection. The AHP method made it possible to replace the use of questionnaires for the entire team by an expert team assessment. By using AHP, data can be acquired more quickly. Another gain obtained with the use of the AHP method was the possibility of reducing one stage of the framework, making it more concise.

Medidas para gerenciamento de saúde e segurança em laboratórios são de extrema importância em laboratórios químicos. As pessoas que realizam qualquer atividade em um ambiente de laboratório estão expostas a diversos perigos e, consequentemente, existe o risco de ocorrência de eventos adversos para a saúde e segurança. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em um laboratório químico de uma universidade federal tem como principal objetivo o aperfeiçoamento de uma framework que permite a realização de uma análise sistemática qualitativa e quantitativa das folgas presentes em um sistema sócio-técnico complexo. Ferramentas da Engenharia de Resiliência foram utilizadas para estudar o laboratório, o qual foi considerado como um sistema sócio-técnico complexo. Uma das características de um sistema resiliente é a capacidade de lidar com a variabilidade, o que pode ser obtido por meio de recursos de folgas (slack) no sistema. O uso da framework permitiu obter dados importantes para a análise do sistema e sugestões de melhorias. Os aperfeiçoamentos propostos na framework mostraram-se eficazes, principalmente na quantificação das folgas e variabilidades, em função da utilização do método AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) para a análise de dados. O método AHP tornou possível substituir o uso de questionários para toda a equipe por uma avaliação direcionada a especialistas. Ao utilizar o AHP, os dados podem ser adquiridos com maior rapidez. Outro ganho obtido com o uso do método AHP foi a possibilidade de redução de uma etapa da framework, tornando-a mais concisa. / Measures for health and safety management are of paramount importance in chemical laboratories. People who perform any activity in a laboratory environment are exposed to a variety of hazards and consequently there is a risk of adverse health and safety events. This work was developed in a chemical laboratory of a federal university, and has as main objective the improvement of a framework that allows the accomplishment of a systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the slack present in a complex socio-technical system. Tools of Resilience Engineering were used for studying a chemical laboratory, which was considered as a complex socio-technical system. One of the characteristics of a resilient system is the ability to deal with variability, which can be obtained through slack resources in the system. This work was developed in a chemical laboratory of a federal university and consists in the improvement of a framework that allows the accomplishment of a systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the slack present in the system. The use of the framework allowed to obtain data important for the analysis of the system and suggestions for improvements. The improvements proposed in the framework proved to be effective, especially in the quantification of slack and variability, as a function of the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for data collection. The AHP method made it possible to replace the use of questionnaires for the entire team by an expert team assessment. By using AHP, data can be acquired more quickly. Another gain obtained with the use of the AHP method was the possibility of reducing one stage of the framework, making it more concise.

Orientadores: Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho, Jener Fernando de Morais Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Picolo_ConradoEugenioBorges_M.pdf: 3955298 bytes, checksum: cfe9d59f8c1d2f4be316895c7d4a394d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A bacia do Rio Jundiaí Mirim, compreendida nos municípios de Jundiaí, Jarinu e Campo Limpo Paulista, embora seja considerada, na sua maior parte, como uma área de conservação ambiental, tem sido atingida por pressões antrópicas, incluindo ocupação desordenada, operações mineiras, práticas agrícolas inadequadas, desmatamento, entre outras. Cerca de 97% do abastecimento de água da cidade de Jundiaí, o principal pólo consumidor local, é captado dessa bacia. Apesar dessa situação preocupante do uso da terra na área da bacia, nenhum estudo consistente foi realizado até hoje sobre seu impacto potencial sobre o abastecimento de água na região. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo traçar uma metodologia de análise do risco a perda da capacidade hídrica da bacia do Rio Jundiaí Mirim em função da impermeabilização do solo ocasionada pela ação antrópica, relacionando características morfométricas da bacia à informações pedológicas e ocupacionais. Dois métodos básicos foram utilizados para integração e análise espacial dos dados: o Processo Analítico Hierárquico (PAR) (método dirigido pelo conhecimento) e a Regressão de Multivariáveis (RM) (método dirigido pelos dados). Mapas de favorabilidade da manutenção da capacidade hídrica da bacia foram gerados através do método PAR, retro-ajustado pelo método RM, para dois cenários: (i) ocupação atual da bacia e, (ü) ocupação máxima para manutenção da capacidade hídrica dos canais principais da bacia. A análise cruzada nem os mapas gerados para esses dois cenários permitiu a derivação do produto-alvo desse estudo: um mapa de classes de risco a perda da capacidade hídrica da bacia. Dez Cinco sub-bacias foram classificadas como de muito baixo e baixo risco a perda de suas capacidades hídricas. Segundo os critérios utilizados na análise e considerando as condições atuais de ocupação, a bacia do rio Jundiaí Mirim não apresenta áreas de alto risco quanto a sua capacidade de fornecer água para as cidades da região / Abstract: The Jundiai Mirim river watershed (JMRW) is comprised within the cities of Jundiaí, Jarinu and Campo Limpo Paulista. Although a large portion of this watershed is considered a site of environmental protection, the area has been increasingly submitted to anthropic-related changes, including intricate house settlement, mining operations, damaging farming practices, deforesting, etc. Some 97% of the city of Jundiaí water supply, the main consuming center in the area, comes :&om the JMRW. Albeit this improper land use within the watershed is widely acknowledged, there have been no comprehensive scientific investigations as regards the potential impacts and threats that such anthropic changes may inflict in the water supply of the region. In this context, the main objective of this project is to develop a method for risk assessment of the potential loss of the JMRW hydric capacity, focusing on the effects of soil impermeability driven by antropic events and considering the synergy between morphometric, pedological and landuse characteristics of the watershed. Two basic methods were employed for data integration and spatial analysis: the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP - a knowledge-driven method) and the Multivariables Regression (MR - a data-driven method). Maps of favorability of hydric capacity maintenance were produced through AHP, and the mo deI was retro-adjusted by MR calculations. Two scenarios were considered: (i) present occupation of the watershed; and (ii) maximum possible occupation within a protective limit to maintain the hydric capacity of the main rivers of the watershed. Cross analysis of the favorability maps created for these two scenarios yielded the aimed risk assessment map for the JMRW. Five sub-basins were classified within very low and low risk to loose their hydric capacity. Considering the criteria employed in this work and the existent pattern of landuse, the JMRW shows a situation of overall low risk and it has the necessary resources to keeping the water supply of the region / Mestrado / Metalogenese / Mestre em Ciências

The occurrence of natural phenomena such as floods and floods are gaining alarming proportions in recent years, bringing as a result of social and economic losses. Considering the subsidy in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide for the generation of information and decision making, this geotechnology is in a tool that can assist in the planning of the geographical space. Thus, this research seeks from the digital terrain modeling (DTM) of the watershed Arroio Cadena and Picadinha, located in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul and multi-criteria method Hierarchy Process Analytic (AHP), identify susceptible areas the flood phenomenon. To do this, proceed to the acquisition of contour data, elevation points, hydrography, soil type and satellite images (RapidEye). Manipulation of the data resulted in the hierarchy of hydrography as Shreve, map of soil types in the study area, from satellite images obtained map of the use and occupation of land and generation of MDT, providing maps of slope and hypsometry. Thus, through the variables generated, there was a multi-criteria analysis (AM), which is the intersection of the generated maps and consequently the identification of areas susceptible to the occurrence of the flood event of the watershed Arroio Cadena and Picadinha. From the identification of these areas it was possible to estimate the population that is inserted. Based on these results, it is believed that the techniques and methods used can provide subsidies and soffits for future studies and aid in monitoring the study area. / As ocorrências de fenômenos naturais, como enchentes e inundações, vêm ganhando proporções alarmantes nos últimos anos, trazendo como consequência prejuízos sociais e econômicos. Considerando o subsídio que os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) fornecem para a geração de informações e tomadas de decisões, essa geotecnologia constitui-se em uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar no planejamento do espaço geográfico. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa busca, a partir da Modelagem Digital de Terreno (MDT) das bacias hidrográficas dos Arroios Cadena e Picadinha, localizadas no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul e do método multicritério Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP), identificar as áreas suscetíveis ao fenômeno de inundação. Para isso, procedeu-se à aquisição de dados de curvas de nível, pontos cotados, hidrografia, tipo de solos e imagens de satélite (RapidEye). A manipulação dos dados obtidos resultou na hierarquização da hidrografia conforme Shreve, no mapa de tipos de solo da área de estudo, a partir das imagens de satélite obteve-se o mapa de uso e ocupação da terra e na geração do MDT, proporcionando mapas de declividade e hipsometria. Assim, mediante as variáveis geradas, realizou-se a Análise Multicritério (AM), que consiste no cruzamento dos mapas obtidos e, consequentemente, na identificação das áreas suscetíveis à ocorrência do evento de inundação das bacias hidrográficas dos Arroios Picadinha e Cadena. A partir da identificação dessas áreas, foi possível estimar a população que nelas está inserida. Com base em tais resultados, acredita-se que as técnicas e os métodos utilizados possam fornecer subsídios e embasamentos para futuras pesquisas e auxiliar na fiscalização da área de estudo.

Earlier studies in the context of windows and blinds selection have mostly tried to increase the awareness regarding various effects of windows and blinds selection on subjective well-being, including their effect on visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. However, the main problem is the potential conflicts between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Increased awareness about the contradictory effect of windows and blinds selection on subjective well-being on one hand and lack of a feasible method in managing the conflicts on the other hand may bind individuals, as decision-makers, in a situation where they follow the immediate economic benefits rather than the long-term visual and thermal benefits. To solve the mentioned problem, this study analysed first the degree of the conflicts between average daylight illuminance and total energy consumption in Sweden. This decision was made due to large variation in solar elevation angle and solar intensity between summer and winter in Sweden, which has significant effects on daylight illuminance and total energy consumption. Analysing the conflicts was accomplished by developing two multivariate linear regression models for calculating average daylight illuminance and total energy consumption. Comparison and analysis of the multivariate linear regression models showed the existence of a high degree of conflicts, which makes window and blind selection a rather complex multidimensional problem. Specifying the degree of the conflicts formed a hypothesis as: “A multi criteria decision-making method increases the controllability and manages the conflicts in selecting windows and blinds”. The developed hypothesis was later tested by employing analytical hierarchy process, as widely used multi criteria decisionmaking method. The analytical hierarchy process prioritizes decision-maker’ preferences and introduces a desired trade-off solution. The results of employing analytical hierarchy process showed the capability of it in managing the conflicts among visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Finally, the application of the analytical hierarchy process was expanded by integrating it with nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, as an optimization algorithm. Through this integration, optimization algorithm combines windows’ and blinds’ design variables and analyses a large number of solutions, while analytical hierarchy process ranks the solutions based on decision-makers’ preferences and introduces a desired trade-off solution. The integration between analytical hierarchy process and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II was presented later as a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework can be used for selecting windows and blinds II in both residential and commercial buildings. In selecting windows and blinds, the conceptual framework is a novel solution to the lack of a feasible method for increasing the controllability for decision-makers and obtaining a desired trade-off solution. / Tidigare studier avseende val av fönster och solskydd har främst försökt fastställa olika effekter som valet av fönster och solskydd har på det subjektiva välbefinnandet. Detta inkluderar dessa föremåls effekt på den visuella komforten, den termiska komforten, energiförbrukningen och livscykelkostnaderna. Det huvudsakliga problemet är dock de potentiella konflikterna mellan visuell komfort, termisk komfort, energiförbrukning och livscykelkostnader. Avsaknaden av en metod för att hantera denna konflikt leder till att beslutfattaren fastnar i en situation där de snarare gör sitt val utifrån omedelbara ekonomiska fördelar än de långsiktiga visuella och termiska fördelarna. För att lösa ovan nämnda problem analyserades konflikterna mellan det genomsnittliga dagsljusinsläppet och den totala energiförbrukningen i Sverige. En av huvudanledningarna till konflikterna är att solens infallsvinkel och intensitet varierar kraftigt mellan sommar och vinter i Sverige. Detta har betydande effekter på dagsljusinfallet och den totala energiförbrukningen. Konflikterna analyserades genom att utveckla två multivariata linjära regressionsmodeller för att beräkna det genomsnittliga dagsljusinfallet och den totala energiförbrukningen. En jämförelse och analys av de multivariata linjära regressionsmodellerna påvisade en hög grad av konflikter, vilket gör valet av fönster och solskydd till ett komplext och flerdimensionellt problem. Bestämningen av graden av konflikt formade följande hypotes: ” En multikriterieanalysbaserat beslutsstöd ökar kontrollerbarheten och hanterar konflikter vid valet av fönster och solskydd”. Den utvecklade hypotesen testades senare med hjälp av Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), en ofta använd multikriterieanalys metod för beslutsfattande. Metoden tar fram lösningar genom att göra prioriteringar enligt beslutsfattarens preferenser. Resultaten av att tillämpa metoden visade metodens förmåga att lösa konflikterna kring visuell komfort, termisk komfort, energiförbrukning och livscykelkostnad. Slutligen utökades metoden genom att integrera AHP med optimeringsalgoritmen Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Genom denna integrering kombinerar optimeringsalgoritmen fönstrens och solskyddens design variabler till ett stort antal lösningsförslag. Dessa lösningsförslag analyseras och till sist rangordnas lösningsförslagen med hjälp av AHP baserat på beslutsfattarnas preferenser. Integreringen av AHP och optimeringsalgoritmen presenterades som ett konceptuellt ramverk. I valet av fönster och solskydd är det konceptuella ramverket en ny lösning för att öka den upplevda kontrollen och därmed förstärka det subjektiva välbefinnandet. / ProWood

Medidas para gerenciamento de saúde e segurança em laboratórios são de extrema importância em laboratórios químicos. As pessoas que realizam qualquer atividade em um ambiente de laboratório estão expostas a diversos perigos e, consequentemente, existe o risco de ocorrência de eventos adversos para a saúde e segurança. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em um laboratório químico de uma universidade federal tem como principal objetivo o aperfeiçoamento de uma framework que permite a realização de uma análise sistemática qualitativa e quantitativa das folgas presentes em um sistema sócio-técnico complexo. Ferramentas da Engenharia de Resiliência foram utilizadas para estudar o laboratório, o qual foi considerado como um sistema sócio-técnico complexo. Uma das características de um sistema resiliente é a capacidade de lidar com a variabilidade, o que pode ser obtido por meio de recursos de folgas (slack) no sistema. O uso da framework permitiu obter dados importantes para a análise do sistema e sugestões de melhorias. Os aperfeiçoamentos propostos na framework mostraram-se eficazes, principalmente na quantificação das folgas e variabilidades, em função da utilização do método AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) para a análise de dados. O método AHP tornou possível substituir o uso de questionários para toda a equipe por uma avaliação direcionada a especialistas. Ao utilizar o AHP, os dados podem ser adquiridos com maior rapidez. Outro ganho obtido com o uso do método AHP foi a possibilidade de redução de uma etapa da framework, tornando-a mais concisa. / Measures for health and safety management are of paramount importance in chemical laboratories. People who perform any activity in a laboratory environment are exposed to a variety of hazards and consequently there is a risk of adverse health and safety events. This work was developed in a chemical laboratory of a federal university, and has as main objective the improvement of a framework that allows the accomplishment of a systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the slack present in a complex socio-technical system. Tools of Resilience Engineering were used for studying a chemical laboratory, which was considered as a complex socio-technical system. One of the characteristics of a resilient system is the ability to deal with variability, which can be obtained through slack resources in the system. This work was developed in a chemical laboratory of a federal university and consists in the improvement of a framework that allows the accomplishment of a systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of the slack present in the system. The use of the framework allowed to obtain data important for the analysis of the system and suggestions for improvements. The improvements proposed in the framework proved to be effective, especially in the quantification of slack and variability, as a function of the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method for data collection. The AHP method made it possible to replace the use of questionnaires for the entire team by an expert team assessment. By using AHP, data can be acquired more quickly. Another gain obtained with the use of the AHP method was the possibility of reducing one stage of the framework, making it more concise.

[EN] Leachate from waste landfill or treatment plants is a very complex and highly contaminated liquid effluent. In its composition, dissolved organic matter, inorganic salts, heavy metals and other xenobiotic organic compounds, are found, so it can be toxic, carcinogenic and capable of inducing a potential risk to biota and humans. European law does not allow such leachate to leave the premises without being depolluted. There are many procedures that enable debugging, always combining different techniques. Choosing the best method to use in each case is a complex decision, as it depends on many tangible and intangible factors that must be weighted to achieve a balance between technical, cost, and environmental sustainability. A hybrid method for choosing the optimal combination of techniques to apply in each case, by combining a multi-criteria hierarchical analysis based on expert data, obtained by the Delphi method, with an analysis by the method of VIKOR to reach a consensus solution is presented. This thesis will perform a sensitivity analysis on the weights of the criteria involved in the decision and performance values of the alternatives, expressed both in terms of the decision criteria. / [ES] El lixiviado de los vertederos de plantas de residuos es un líquido muy complejo y altamente contaminado. En su composición se puede encontrar materia orgánica disuelta, sales inorgánicas, metales pesados y otros compuestos orgánicos xenobióticos, por lo que pueden ser tóxicos, cancerígenos y capaces de inducir un riesgo potencial en el medio ambiente y los seres humanos. La legislación europea no permite que tales lixiviados salgan de las instalaciones sin ser depurados. Hay muchos procedimientos que permiten la depuración, siempre combinando diferentes técnicas. Elegir el mejor método a utilizar en cada caso es una decisión compleja, ya que depende de muchos factores tangibles e intangibles que deben sopesarse para lograr un equilibrio entre la técnica, el costo y la sostenibilidad ambiental. Se presenta un método híbrido para la elección de la combinación óptima de técnicas de depuración de entre las disponibles, mediante la aplicación de un análisis jerárquico de criterios múltiples AHP sobre la base de datos de expertos, obtenidos por el método Delphi, junto a un análisis de resultados por el método VIKOR, para llegar a una solución de consenso, que pueda ser asumible por la mayoría de los expertos consultados como propia. En esta tesis se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad en los pesos de los criterios de decisión y en los valores de rendimiento de las alternativas, expresados ambos en términos de los criterios de decisión. / [CAT] El lixiviat dels abocadors de plantes de residus és un líquid molt complex i altament contaminat. En la seua composició es pot trobar matèria orgànica dissolta, sals inorgàniques, metalls pesats i altres compostos orgànics xenobiòtics, per la qual cosa poden ser tòxics, cancerígens i capaços d'induir un risc potencial en el medi ambient i els éssers humans. La legislació europea no permet que aquests lixiviats isquen de les instal·lacions sense ser depurats. Hi ha molts procediments que permeten la depuració, sempre combinant diferents tècniques. Triar el millor mètode a utilitzar en cada cas és una decisió complexa, ja que depèn de molts factors tangibles i intangibles que han de sospesar-se per aconseguir un equilibri entre la tècnica, el cost i la sostenibilitat ambiental. Es presenta un mètode híbrid per a l'elecció de la combinació òptima de tècniques de depuració d'entre les disponibles, mitjançant l'aplicació d'una anàlisi jeràrquica de criteris múltiples AHP sobre la base de dades d'experts, obtinguts pel mètode Delphi, al costat d'una anàlisi de resultats pel mètode VIKOR, per a arribar a una solució de consens, que puga ser assumible per la majoria dels experts consultats com a pròpia. En aquesta tesi es durà a terme una anàlisi de sensibilitat en els pesos dels criteris de decisió i en els valors de rendiment de les alternatives, expressats tots dos en termes dels criteris de decisió. / Reyes Medina, M. (2015). Lixiviados en plantas de residuos. Una contribución para la selección del proceso de tratamiento [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/56763 / TESIS

To improve their services and maintain patients’ satisfaction, healthcare organisations have adopted and applied different quality tools and models in recent times, with some even developing their own quality-based initiatives. For example, the approach of Lean Six Sigma (L6σ) has recently been gradually and slowly implemented in healthcare institutions. However, the nature and complexity of healthcare environment which directly impact on humans require leaders to carefully apply appropriate Quality Management (QM) systems suitable for this critical environment. The aim of this research project is to develop a Knowledge Based System (KBS) to assist healthcare managers and practitioners during decision-making process in the context of achieving excellent benchmark and action plans prioritisation. The system will be built based on a conceptual framework for Quality Management in Healthcare Environment (QMHE) which will be modified into a model. The KBS will be developed from this model with the integration of Gauging Absence of Pre-requisite (GAP) method for benchmarking and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for prioritisation. The contribution of this research is the use of KBS with GAP and AHP to develop an integrated Knowledge-Based Lean Six Sigma (KB-L6σ) in QMHE. This will accomplish the necessities of investigating quality problems and recommend suitable solutions according to international best practices. It will use a systematic approach that can be applied multiple times, follow defined steps to secure consistency in the approach and integrate different healthcare management levels to maintain strategic decision-making alignment. It consists of 964 KB rules that have been produced via a knowledge acquisition process from the literature and interviewing experts in the field of QM and L6σ in healthcare environment. Feedback from conferences and system testing were used for the verification of the model, whilst validation was carried out through three case studies implementation at three tertiary hospitals in Oman. The analysis of using the KB system in these hospitals has shown clearly that the developed system is a consistent and reliable methodology for assisting decision-makers in designing, planning, and implementing L6σ for QMHE.

There is a gap in the research regarding applications of Lean tools in the wood fiber supply chain. A Value Stream Map (VSM) tool that focused on identifying Lean waste in logistic operations was developed and applied to three case study firms: a paper mill, a sawmill, and a logger. Using the VSM tool an absence of structured methods to select and assess suppliers was found, which promotes a fluctuating environment for suppliers. Therefore, a tool that implements a hierarchy system to categorize suppliers was developed, verified and validated. Through the use of the VSM implementation the author found a lack of information sharing between supply chain stakeholders, which causes a reactive environment for the industry. Improvements in wood flow planning, tract allocation, truck scheduling, and communication were projected as a future state of the system. The annual potential savings by implementing the projected improvements in the total cost were as follows for the paper mill, the sawmill, and the logger respectively: $306,232, $312,085, $756,504. As a result of the findings obtained through the VSMs, a supplier selection model was designed. The tool was implemented into software for the wood industry. The tool was then verified and validated. The verification process consisted of comparing the output through previously known results and was performed through seven interviews with different stakeholders. The appropriate application of the supplier selection tool improves the way in which companies in the wood industry select and assess their suppliers and guarantee that the best alternatives are selected. / Master of Science / In the wood fiber supply chain, integration between different parties within a supply chain has proven to be a difficult task. An innovative lean-logistics tool value-streamed map (VSM) was developed to evaluate the current and future state of a supply chain Once the tool was developed it was used to map the wood fiber supply chain, determine and measure key performance metrics, calculate the cost of logistics operations, and identify potential sources of waste. Three case studies representing common wood fiber supply chains were conducted to develop three current VSMs for selected value streams. The lack of communication between supply chain partners was determined to be the most significant source of waste in all three cases. Lack of communication could lead to idle equipment, unnecessary waiting times, excessive inventories, overproduction, and excessive transportation and movement. As a result of the findings obtained through the VSMs, which revealed the absence of structured methods to select and assess suppliers, a supplier selection model was designed. The tool was implemented into software for the wood industry. The tool was then verified and validated. The verification process consisted of comparing the output through previously known results and was performed through seven interviews with different stakeholders. The appropriate application of the supplier selection tool improves the way in which companies in the wood industry select and assess their suppliers and guarantee that the best alternatives are selected, thus increasing the chance of a successful relationship and increasing the value that the company gets from its supplier base.