O trabalho procura analisar o sentido de história no Behemoth ou Longo Parlamento de Thomas Hobbes a partir das referências aos antigos. Para isso, o pensador é colocado em seu contexto social, político e cultural. Com o objetivo de perceber as redes de leitura que atravessam a obra, são contrapostos autores modernos e antigos, assim como os discursos – humanista, religioso e político - que permeiam a obra. Como um autor político, preocupado com seu tempo, o discurso da guerra e do medo iminente da volta ao estado de natureza estão presentes em sua narrativa. Entre o contingente da história e o universal da ciência civil, o uso dos antigos deve servir à paz do Estado. / The work analyzes the meaning of history in the Behemoth or the Long Parliament by Thomas Hobbes from references to the ancients. For this, the thinker is placed in its social, political and cultural. In order to understand the reading networks that permeate the work, are contrasted ancient and modern authors, as well as the speeches - humanist, religious and political - that permeate the work. As a political writer, concerned with their time, the discourse of war and fear of imminent return to the state of nature is in his narrative. Among the contingent and the universal history of civil science, the use of the ancients serve the peace of the State.

O trabalho procura analisar o sentido de história no Behemoth ou Longo Parlamento de Thomas Hobbes a partir das referências aos antigos. Para isso, o pensador é colocado em seu contexto social, político e cultural. Com o objetivo de perceber as redes de leitura que atravessam a obra, são contrapostos autores modernos e antigos, assim como os discursos – humanista, religioso e político - que permeiam a obra. Como um autor político, preocupado com seu tempo, o discurso da guerra e do medo iminente da volta ao estado de natureza estão presentes em sua narrativa. Entre o contingente da história e o universal da ciência civil, o uso dos antigos deve servir à paz do Estado. / The work analyzes the meaning of history in the Behemoth or the Long Parliament by Thomas Hobbes from references to the ancients. For this, the thinker is placed in its social, political and cultural. In order to understand the reading networks that permeate the work, are contrasted ancient and modern authors, as well as the speeches - humanist, religious and political - that permeate the work. As a political writer, concerned with their time, the discourse of war and fear of imminent return to the state of nature is in his narrative. Among the contingent and the universal history of civil science, the use of the ancients serve the peace of the State.

O trabalho procura analisar o sentido de história no Behemoth ou Longo Parlamento de Thomas Hobbes a partir das referências aos antigos. Para isso, o pensador é colocado em seu contexto social, político e cultural. Com o objetivo de perceber as redes de leitura que atravessam a obra, são contrapostos autores modernos e antigos, assim como os discursos – humanista, religioso e político - que permeiam a obra. Como um autor político, preocupado com seu tempo, o discurso da guerra e do medo iminente da volta ao estado de natureza estão presentes em sua narrativa. Entre o contingente da história e o universal da ciência civil, o uso dos antigos deve servir à paz do Estado. / The work analyzes the meaning of history in the Behemoth or the Long Parliament by Thomas Hobbes from references to the ancients. For this, the thinker is placed in its social, political and cultural. In order to understand the reading networks that permeate the work, are contrasted ancient and modern authors, as well as the speeches - humanist, religious and political - that permeate the work. As a political writer, concerned with their time, the discourse of war and fear of imminent return to the state of nature is in his narrative. Among the contingent and the universal history of civil science, the use of the ancients serve the peace of the State.

En 1906 le royaume de Perse connut une révolution constitutionnelle qui lui a donné la première constitution écrite du pays. Durant les années où la révolution se prépare, la société civile ouvre un grand champ d’émergence des concepts modernes du droit public. L’œuvre de l’assemblée constituante de 1906, qui a donné naissance à la constitution et à son complément, en est un exemple par excellence. Dans cette thèse nous allons procéder à l’exploitation de l’œuvre de l’assemblée constituante pour y suivre la genèse et l’évolution des concepts de droit public. Nous allons chercher à travers les concepts principaux du droit public - représentation, égalité civique et égalité devant la loi - la conception qu'avaient les constituants de la Constitution. Nous allons aussi observer la notion de constitution à certains moments décisifs de la révolution, où par exemple les révolutionnaires appelleront le roi au serment pour protéger la constitution. Dans cette thèse nous assisterons aussi à un processus qui par le biais de la redéfinition des anciens concepts de droit public, fait naître les concepts modernes du droit public. Cette thèse en se référant à l’histoire constitutionnelle du pays vise à relever un défi du droit constitutionnel d’aujourd’hui en Iran. Un droit constitutionnel qui, dès sa naissance, ne prend pas au sérieux l’histoire de la discipline. Par cette thèse nous voulons mettre en valeur l’importance et la nécessité des études historiques dans l’enseignement ainsi que dans l’étude du droit constitutionnel. / In 1906 the Persian Kingdom witnessed a constitutional revolution which gave it its first written constitution. In the early years of the revolution, civil society opened a great field for the emergence of modern concepts of public law. The work of the Constituent Assembly of 1906, which gave birth to the Constitution and its Supplement, is a unique illustration of this. The present thesis proceeds to explain the work of the Constituent Assembly in order to follow the genesis and evolution of the principles of public law in Iran. Referring to the principal concepts of public law - representation, civic equality and equality before the law - we will attempt to find the particular conception that the constituents of the Constitution had of these concepts. We also explore the notion of constitution at certain key moments of the revolution, where, for example, the revolutionaries called the King to give oath for the safeguard of the Constitution. Further, the thesis explains the process by which modern concepts of public law were given birth through a redefinition of ancient concepts. By referring to constitutional history, the present study aims to expose the challenges to constitutional law in Iran today, a constitutional law which has failed to seriously account for the history of the discipline. The present study therefore aims to show the importance of, and need for, historical studies in the teaching and study of constitutional law in Iran.

Cette thèse montre comment s’est constituée la figure du génie en France au cours des XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, en mettant en évidence les paradoxes qui lui ont permis de devenir l’une des notions fondamentales de la modernité. Cette analyse s’articule autour de trois axes principaux. D’abord, il s’agit d’interroger les circonstances de l’invention du terme « génie » dans la langue française, en insistant sur son bagage culturel gréco-latin. La notion de génie apparaît alors comme intimement liée au génie de la langue française et à son histoire. Ensuite, l’analyse s’intéresse au rôle que la notion de génie joue dans le cadre régulateur de la théorie poétique à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Le génie, qui se définit alors comme une aptitude naturelle à l’exercice d’une régularité normée du faire, n’a cependant de valeur que si cette régularité est transgressée, dépassée. Cette relation fait apparaître le paradoxe social que représente le génie, considéré à la fois comme exceptionnel et exemplaire. Ce paradoxe du génie est ensuite analysé dans le cadre du développement des théories esthétiques au XVIIIe siècle, fondées sur une expérience communautarisante du beau. Cette problématique est étudiée au regard de l’intérêt des philosophes sensualistes pour le problème que constitue le génie, en particulier quant aux mécanismes de l’invention et de la découverte. À l’issue de ce parcours, il apparaît que le génie est à la fois problématique pour les théories qui tentent de le circonscrire et unificateur pour la communauté qu’il permet d’illustrer. / This dissertation shows how the figure of the génie was constituted in France over the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, by highlighting the paradoxes which allowed such a figure to become the fundamental notion of modernity. The analysis revolves around three main lines. First, the circumstances for the invention of the very term génie in the French language are examined by focusing on the Greco-Latin cultural background it carried along. As a result, the notion appears as intimately connected to the genius of the French language and its history. Secondly, the analysis focuses on the role this notion played within the normative framework of poetic production at the end of the 17th century. Paradoxically, the value of the génie, which was then defined as the natural ability for the exercising of a regulated technique of poesis, was inconceivable without the transgression of such a normative framework. This social paradox underscores the fact that a génie was, at once, considered both as exceptional and exemplary. Finally, this very paradox his analyzed further within the trajectory of the development of aesthetic theories, during the 18th century, which were founded on a community-defining experience of beauty. This specific issue his examined with reference to the interest sensualist philosophers displayed, in particular, for the mechanisms of invention and discovery. The investigation comes to the following essential conclusion: the génie was, at the same time, problematic for the theories that attempted to circumscribe it and unifying for the communities which were illustrated through it.

No description available.

Ce travail s’intéresse au problème de la relativisation de l’expression architecturale liée à la remise en question, durant le XVIIe siècle, de l’origine divine et de la valeur des canons proportionnels qui sous-tendent la tradition classique. Emblématique de la Querelle qui opposa Claude Perrault et François Blondel au sein de l’Académie royale de Paris, ce problème recevra une formulation privilégiée dans la tradition théorique anglaise qui se caractérise par la volonté de préserver une forme d’objectivité à l’expression formelle tout en cherchant à y intégrer la valeur subjective de l’usage. A travers l’étude de textes esthétiques et de théories d’architecture produits en Angleterre durant le XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, nous avons cherché à identifier les différentes solutions proposées par les théoriciens pour parvenir à concilier le sujet et l’objet dans la forme architecturale et ainsi aboutir à une expression qui autorise l’appropriation individuelle tout en satisfaisant à l’impératif du consensus. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished