Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-16T11:53:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ribrioivantavarespereirabatista.pdf: 1023205 bytes, checksum: 9149da7ed1e431e5565e4816dc74a814 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:21:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ribrioivantavarespereirabatista.pdf: 1023205 bytes, checksum: 9149da7ed1e431e5565e4816dc74a814 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ribrioivantavarespereirabatista.pdf: 1023205 bytes, checksum: 9149da7ed1e431e5565e4816dc74a814 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A suplementação do ácido linoléico conjugado trans-10, cis-10 no meio de cultivo, representa uma importante alternativa para aumento da sobrevivência dos embriões após a criopreservação. No entanto este isômero de CLA no cultivo in vitro sem antioxidante pode aumentar a taxa apoptótica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição CLA trans-10, cis-12 no cultivo in vitro de embriões sem antioxidante. Zigotos bovinos (n = 1.694) foram divididos em dois tratamentos: (T1) grupo controle, zigotos cultivados no meio CR2aa suplementado com soro fetal (n = 815); (T2) zigotos cultivados no meio CR2aa suplementado com soro fetal mais 100 µM CLA trans-10, cis-12. Os embriões foram avaliados quanto a desenvolvimento, quantidade de lípides e criotolerância. Transcritos dos RNA mensageiros (RNAm) dos genes selecionados foram mensurados pelo Real Time PCR. Suplementação de CLA trans-10, cis-12 não afeta significativamente a taxa de blastocisto (31,8% e 34,1% T1 e T2, respectivamente, p = 0,20) e nível dos RNAm dos genes relacionados com stress celular, apoptose e síntese de novo de ácido graxo. Quantidade de lípides e transcritos do RNAm do gene 1-acilglicerol-3-fosfato oaciltransferase 1 enzima relacionado a síntese de triglicérides foram significativamente reduzidos nos embriões cultivados na presença de CLA trans-10, cis-12 em comparação com o grupo controle. Teve aumento significativo na taxa de re-expansão dos blastocistos cultivados na presença de CLA trans-10, cis-12, após o descongelamento (34.4 e 56.3% para T1 e T2, respectivamente p = 0,002). Essa diferença não persistiu na taxa de eclosão (14,0% e 16,5% para T1 e T2, respectivamente, P = 0,62). Esses resultados mostram que o CLA trans-10, cis-12 reduz o acúmulo de lípides nos embriões pela redução nos níveis dos transcritos do gene 1-acilglicerol-3-fosfato o-aciltransferase 1 sem afetar a qualidade do embrião. Adicionalmente, este ácido graxo aumenta a taxa de re-expansão, no entanto, não melhora a taxa de eclosão. / Supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid trans-10, cis-10 in the culture medium, represents an important alternative to increasing the survival of embryos after cryopreservation. However the addition of culture media with CLA trans-10, cis-12 without antioxidant may increase the apoptotic rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding CLA trans-10, cis-12 in vitro culture of embryos without antioxidant. Bovine zygotes (n = 1,694) were divided into two treatments: (T1) control group, zygotes cultured in CR2aa medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (n = 815), (T2) zygotes cultured in CR2aa medium supplemented with fetal calf serum plus 100 µM CLA trans-10, cis-12. Embryos were evaluated for development, amount of lipids and cryotolerance. Transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) of selected genes were measured by real time PCR. Supplementation of CLA trans-10, cis-12 did not significantly affect the blastocyst rate (31.8% and 34.1% T1 and T2, respectively, p = 0,20) and the mRNA level of genes related to cell stress, apoptosis and de novo synthesis of fatty acid . Lipids and transcripts of the mRNA of the gene 1-acilglicerol-3-phosphate o-acyltransferase 1 enzyme related to the synthesis of triglycerides were significantly reduced in embryos cultured in the presence of CLA trans-10, cis-12 in comparison the control group. Had increased rate re-expansion of blastocysts cultured in the presence of CLA trans-10, cis-12, after thawing (34.4 and 56.3% for T1 and T2, respectively p = 0,002). This difference did not persist in the hatching rate (14.0 and 16.5% for T1 and T2, respectively, P = 0,62). These results show that the CLA trans-10, cis-12 reduces the accumulation of lipids in the embryos by reducing the levels of gene transcripts acilglicerol-1-3-phosphate oacyltransferase 1 without affecting the quality of the embryo. Additionally, this fatty acid increases the rate re-expansion, but does not improve the hatching rate.

Moderne Sensorik, Modellierungs- und Optimierungsmethoden im Rohstoffgewinnungsprozess liefern Daten in “Echtzeit” und bieten Entscheidungsassistenz in der Betriebssteuerung und Kurzfristplanung. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden sogenannte „Closed- Loop-Ansätze“ entwickelt, um diese Informationen in Kombination mit moderner Datenverarbeitungstechnologie für eine verbesserte Produktionssteuerung in der Rohstoffgewinnung nutzbar zu machen. Der Beitrag stellt ein Projekt vor, das sich genau dieser Entwicklung widmet, das im Europäischen Rahmenprogramm Horizon 2020 geförderte Projekt Real-Time Mining. Der Fokus des Projektes liegt auf der Gewinnung bergbaugeologisch komplexer Lagerstätten unter Anwendung hoch-selektiver Gewinnungsszenarien. Der Aufbau des Projektes, das Projektziel, die einzelnen Arbeitspakete und Schlüsseltechnologien werden kurz dargestellt. An zwei ausgewählten Beispielen wird auf zwei Hauptkomponenten von Real-Time Mining, die Aktualisierung der Lagerstättenmodelle unter Einbeziehung von Online-Sensorik und die Optimierung der Entscheidungsfindung im Produktionsprozess näher eingegangen.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem a implementací dvou konkrétních softwarových modulů, které jsou částí distribuovaného řídícího systému CoSMic. Tento systém je určen pro řízení speciálního zařízení pro charakterizaci papírových vláken. Prvním vyvinutým modulem je HapticFiber, ten má poskytovat rozhraní mezi řídícím systémem a speciálním vstupním zařízením - haptic device. Druhým modulem je ViCo, jehož účelem je poskytnout softwarovou obálku pro uživatelem definovaný algoritmus zpracovaní obrazu. Tento modul musí být připraven splnit určitá časová omezení, proto je nutné, aby běžel v rámci operačním systému reálného času.

The first conference on Real-Time Mining is bringing together individuals and companies working on EU-sponsored projects to exchange knowledge and rise synergies in resource extraction innovation. The topics include: • Resource Modelling and Value of Information; • Automated Material Characterization; • Positioning and Material Tracking; • Process Optimization; • Data Management. The conference has been initiated by the consortium of the EU H2020 funded project Real-Time Mining as a platform for inter-project communication and for communication with project stakeholders. It brings together several European research projects in the field of industry 4.0 applied to mineral resource extraction. These are the projects VAMOS, SOLSA and UNEXMIN.

The flow of information, and consequently the decision-making along the chain of mining from exploration to beneficiation, typically occurs in a discontinuous fashion over long timespans. In addition, due to the uncertain nature of the knowledge about deposits and the inherent spatial distribution of material characteristics, actual production performance often deviates from expectations. Reconciliation exercises to adjust mineral resource and reserve models and planning assumptions are performed with timely lags of weeks, months or even years.

Combined mineralogical and chemical analyses on drill cores are highly demanded by mining and metallurgical companies to speed up exploration, mining and define geometallurgical parameters for beneficiation. Furthermore, high quality coherent and complete drill cores are needed to obtain reliable analyses for more accurate geomodels, resource and reserve estimates. At present, analyses are done by exploiting only a single technique, such as hyperspectral imaging, XRF or LIBS. The coupling of different analytical instruments is still a technological challenge. The SOLSA project, sponsored by the EU-H2020 Raw Material program, targets to construct an expert system coupling sonic drilling with XRF, XRD, hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy. This paper will present the 4-years project in progress, a general, almost mid-term, state-of-the-art.

The 42-month ¡VAMOS! project (Viable Alternative Mine Operating System, Grant Agreement 642477, vamos-project.eu), co-funded by the European Commission’s Horizon2020 programme, will enable access to reserves of mineral deposits by developing an innovative, safe, clean, and low-visibility underwater inland mining technique. Through field-testing, ¡VAMOS! hopes to encourage investment in abandoned and prospective EU open-pit mines by providing a viable novel excavation process, ultimately aiming to reduce the EU’s reliance on imports of strategically important raw materials. The project will test the technological and economic viability of the underwater mining of inland mineral deposits which are currently economically, technologically, and environmentally unobtainable. If proven viable, ¡VAMOS! will enable access to deposits whose excavation has been historically limited by stripping ratio and hydrological and geotechnical considerations. Also, due to low noise and dust levels, and its road-transportable electric-powered system, ¡VAMOS! will be able to be applied safely in both urban-proximal and hard-to-access rural locations. ¡VAMOS! is defined by a remotely-operated underwater mining vehicle, adapted and improved from existing subsea mining technology. Operating in tandem with a remote-controlled sensory assistance-vehicle, the underwater miner will connect to a flexible riser through which mined material will be pumped from the mudline to a land-based dewatering pit via a floating mobile deployment-platform. On the deployment platform, a bypass system will be linked to production measuring equipment and a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system, enabling throughput monitoring and real-time grade-control. Preparatory work has been carried out to assess the regulatory compliance of the project, its likely social and environmental impact, and the steps which need to be taken to reduce and quantify these during testing. Two community stakeholder workshops held in both England and Portugal have indicated that the public is receptive to the concept. Following an official project design-freeze in October 2016, construction and integration of all components will conclude in June 2017. This will be followed by field-testing at a flooded kaolin-granite quarry in Devon, England in October 2017, with further testing planned at a flooded iron mine in Vareš, Bosnia in June 2018.

UNEXMIN (Underwater Explorer for Flooded Mines, Grant Agreement No. 690008, www.unexmin.eu) is a project funded by the European Commission’s HORIZON2020 Framework Programme. The project is developing a multi-platform robotic system for the autonomous exploration and mapping of flooded underground mines. The robotic system – UX-1 – will use non-invasive methods for the 3D mapping of abandoned underground flooded mines, bringing new important geological data that currently cannot be obtained by other means without having significant costs and safety risks. The deployment of a multi-robotic system in a confined and unknown environment poses challenges to the autonomous operation of the robot, and there is a risk of damaging the equipment and the mine itself. Key challenges are related to 1) structural design for robustness and resilience, 2) localization, navigation and 3D mapping, 3) guidance, propulsion and control, 4) autonomous operation and supervision, 5) data processing, interpretation and evaluation. Underwater environments constrain basic robotic functions as well as the size and weight of any operable robot. The limiting factors in these environments influence the type and amount of equipment able to be mounted onto a robotic system. Crucial abilities for an underwater robot’s functionality include unobstructed movement, autonomy, mapping and environmental awareness. To enable these critical functions, we employ components such as cameras, SONAR, thrusters, structured-light laser scanners, and on-board computers, rechargeable batteries and protective pressure hulls. In UNEXMIN, additional underwater instrumentation is being developed to measure pH, pressure, temperature, water chemistry and conductivity, magnetic fields, and gamma radiation levels. An on-board geophysical system will enable sub-bottom profiling, and multispectral and UV fluorescence imaging units are being installed for mineralogical identification. All these tailor-made instruments are been tested in laboratory and real environment conditions.

Mining is one of the oldest activities of humanity, as the extraction of stones, ceramics and metals proved to be essential to develop tools and weapons and to drive forward human civilisation. Possibly the oldest mine – the “Lion Cave” – dates back to 41 000 BC. Located in Swaziland, its pre-historic operators mined haematite to make red-pigment ochre. The mine was likely in operation until 23 000 BC and at least 1200 tons of soft haematite had been removed in this timespan. As time progressed, mining diversified and production methods improved. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans mined different minerals, such as malachite, copper and gold. Philipp II, the father of Alexander the Great, is believed of having conquered gold mines in Thrace, which provided him with 1000 talents (26 tons) of gold per year. Needless to say that Alexander’s conquests would have not been possible without these extensive mining operations. Over the ages, mining activities continued to intensify. Today, a tier-one open-pit copper mine like Chuquicamata in Chuquicamata, Chile, with a depth of 900 m, provides for a production of 443,000 tons of copper and 20,000 tons of molybdenum p.a. Naturally such levels of production come with a price tag. Thousands of workers, numerous heavy machines and investments that go into the millions and billions are required to set up a mine and to maintain its operation. At the same time large amounts of waste – the so-called tailings – are generated, often posing a significant environmental risk. The fact that ore yields have dramatically decreased over time has worsened the situation; today, the extraction of 1 ton of metal ore requires vast amounts of energy and can easily generate hundreds of tons of waste.iv Were it not for a significant technological progress in the extraction, transport and processing of the ores, today’s mining operations could not be sustained. Despite all these technological advances, the mining industry is at a decision point. The conventional trend of the last hundred years of counteracting shrinking ore yields by making the mining machinery faster and bigger is at its limits. Today’s ore haulers weigh as much as 600 tons and require a net engine power of 2722 kW v to sustain operation. At the same time waste heaps have grown larger and larger – operations are clearly at their physical limits. Time is running out for enhancements and improvements, if mining is to continue, a drastic paradigm shift seems to be the only solution. This paradigm shift will require humanity to mine more efficiently and intelligently, by aiming to extract only these rocks that contain the ore and doing so in a manner, which results in the smallest possible ecological footprint. This is where OffWorld’s Swarm Robotic Mining Architecture comes into play. The overarching purpose of OffWorld is to enable the human settlement of space by developing a new generation of small, smart, learning industrial robots. This robotic workforce has numerous things to do: build landing pads, excavate underground habitats, extract water ice and materials, make drinkable water, breathable air and rocket propellant, manufacture basic structures and solar cells, produce electricity, etc. OffWorld’s overall vision is to operate thousands of robots that can mine, manufacture and build on the Moon, the as-teroids and Mars. These robots need to be small and robust, extremely adaptable, modular and reconfigurable, autonomous and fast learning – they are lightyears ahead of the 2 million industrial robots that currently work in factories and warehouses. Space is a tough place. The environment is harsh, resources are limited and the room for errors is close to zero. If a robot can succeed in space than it can surely excel in the terrestrial industry as well. This and the fact that OffWorld builds a swarm approach that relies on a small form factor, intelligence and surgical precision, has the potential to reduce the total cost of operations, can shorten the life of mine or industrial operation and can be easily scaled up and down in size. With all these benefits in mind, OffWorld is looking into a reduction in the total cost of operations of at least an order of magnitude within any industrial sector. This paper will introduce the design philosophy behind OffWorld’s robotic work-force and will present the masterplan for developing space-bound systems by first maturing them in large scale deployments in terrestrial industries.

The SOLSA project aims to develop an innovative on-line-on-mine-real-time expert system, combining sonic drilling, mineralogical and chemical characterization and data treatment. Ideally, this combination, highly demanded by mining and metallurgical companies, will speed up exploration, mining and processing. In order to evaluate the instrumental parameters for the SOLSA expert system, portable and laboratory analyses have been performed on four samples with contrasting lithologies: siliceous breccia, serpentinized harzburgite, sandstone and granite. More precisely, we evaluated the influence of the surface state of the sample on the signals obtained by portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) for chemistry and portable Infra-Red spectroscopy (pIR) for mineralogy. In addition, laboratory Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), XRF and ICP-OES laboratory analyses were performed to compare surface bulk mineralogical and chemical analyses. This presentation highlights (1) the importance of coupling chemical and mineralogical analytical technologies to obtain most complete information on samples, (2) the effect of the sample surface state on the XRF and IR signals from portable instruments. The last point is crucial for combined instrumental on-line sensor design and the calibration of the different instruments, especially in the case of pXRF.