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Monotheism and its development in Israelite religion is a topic that continues to invite scholarly engagement. Some of the key talking points around it involve whether or not it was developed before or after the exilic period. At the same time, and irrespective of when it was introduced into Israelite religion, the circumstances that facilitated its development have never been acknowledged with unanimity. The purpose of the present study is two-fold: first, it seeks to prove that pre-exilic Israelite religion was as syncretistic as any other ancient Near Eastern tradition, and that exclusive monotheism only became a reality in Persian period Yehud. Secondly, the study is also intended to authenticate the hypothesis that in the wake of the development of monotheism in Yehud, all deities other than Yahweh were demoted to the status of מלאכים, messengers (angels) leaving Yahweh as the only legitimate God. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Old Testament Department - University of Pretoria / Old Testament Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a realização de uma análise geral dos mensageiros divinos designados pelo termo malakh relatados na Bíblia hebraica. No texto bíblico o termo malakh é empregado por fazer referência a mensageiros humanos e ainda aos enviados sobrenaturais subordinadas a Deus. Todo o primeiro capítulo é reservado à investigação da etimologia do vocábulo em questão. Com o intuito de discernir nitidamente a relação ou até mesmo a oposição entre mensageiros humanos e divinos, o segundo capítulo trata de diversos episódios bíblicos onde homens exercem a função de mensageiros, não somente como portadores de uma mensagens divina, mas também com funções políticas e diplomáticas. Ainda tratando dessa modalidade de mensageiro, é destacada a presença dos profetas e sacerdotes que a despeito de pertencerem à esfera humana, desempenham a função de mensageiros da divindade. A seguir, o terceiro e último capítulo ocupa-se dos mensageiros divinos propriamente ditos, geralmente traduzidos ou compreendidos como anjos. Neste ponto, interpretações relacionadas à identidade, nomenclaturas e funções são destrinchadas pontualmente. Por fim, a atividade do mensageiro bíblico será analisada ainda à luz dos mensageiros correspondentes da literatura do antigo Oriente Médio. / This thesis aims at conducting a general analysis of the divine messengers described by the term malakh reported in the Hebrew Bible. In the biblical text is the term used by malakh refer to human messengers sent to the supernatural and still subordinate to God. The entire first chapter is devoted to the investigation of the etymology of the word in question. In order to clearly discern the relationship or even the opposition between human and divine messengers, the second chapter deals with various biblical episodes where men play the role of messengers, not only as bearers of a divine message, but also with political functions and diplomatic. Still dealing with this type of messenger, it is emphasized the presence of the prophets and priests who despite belonging to the human sphere, play the role of messengers of divinity. Then the third and final chapter deals with the divine messengers themselves, usually translated or understood as \"angels\". At this point, interpretations related to identity, classifications and functions are fleshed out on time. Finally, the activity of biblical Bible will be examined further in light of relevant messengers literature of the ancient Middle East.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 708964 bytes, checksum: d6c5cf36c9d73665dd065decd6ba621a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research constitutes a quest to rescue the understanding of epistemology angelology present in early Christianity. Since the Bible makes mention of the book of Enoch, we sought to harmonize the accounts so that some biblical texts could be seen more clearly. In the book of Jude, for example, there is a prophecy attributed to Enoch, however, this prophecy is not found in the Bible, which begs the question: Where Judas taken this prophecy? The prophecy is present in the Book of Enoch, more precisely in the Book of Watchers. Reading the Book of Watchers introduces the reader in an interesting world that discusses about the fall of angels, giants, flood, demons and visions. Such reports, present in Enoch, complete biblical narratives giving them a very interesting harmony. In an attempt to know the influence of Enoch in Judaism, allowed us to find quotes from the book present in Jewish writings, and quotes made by the leaders of early Christianity. In both cases there was extensive use of the Book of Watchers corroborating the finding that the book was a significant influence on the thought of Judaism and Christianity angelology primitive. Keywords: Enoch, early Christianity, Angelology. / A pesquisa se constituiu em uma busca por resgatar a compreensão da epistemologia angelológica presente no cristianismo primitivo. Uma vez que a Bíblia faz menção do livro de Enoque, buscou-se harmonizar os relatos de modo que alguns textos bíblicos pudessem ser percebidos com mais clareza. No livro de Judas, por exemplo, encontra-se uma profecia atribuída a Enoque, porém, tal profecia não está presente na Bíblia, o que, naturalmente, suscita a seguinte questão: De onde Judas extraiu esta profecia? A profecia encontra-se presente no Livro de Enoque mais precisamente no Livro dos Vigilantes. A leitura do Livro dos Vigilantes introduz o leitor em um mundo bem diferente que discorre sobre queda de anjos, gigantes, dilúvio, demônios e visões. Tais relatos, presente em Enoque, completam narrativas bíblicas concedendo-lhes harmonia. Na tentativa de conhecer a influência de Enoque no judaísmo, buscou-se verificar citações do livro presente em escritos judaicos, bem como citações feitas por líderes do cristianismo primitivo. Nos dois casos verificou-se ampla utilização do Livro dos Vigilantes corroborando para a constatação de que o escrito foi muito influente no pensamento angelológico do judaísmo e cristianismo primitivo.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a realização de uma análise geral dos mensageiros divinos designados pelo termo malakh relatados na Bíblia hebraica. No texto bíblico o termo malakh é empregado por fazer referência a mensageiros humanos e ainda aos enviados sobrenaturais subordinadas a Deus. Todo o primeiro capítulo é reservado à investigação da etimologia do vocábulo em questão. Com o intuito de discernir nitidamente a relação ou até mesmo a oposição entre mensageiros humanos e divinos, o segundo capítulo trata de diversos episódios bíblicos onde homens exercem a função de mensageiros, não somente como portadores de uma mensagens divina, mas também com funções políticas e diplomáticas. Ainda tratando dessa modalidade de mensageiro, é destacada a presença dos profetas e sacerdotes que a despeito de pertencerem à esfera humana, desempenham a função de mensageiros da divindade. A seguir, o terceiro e último capítulo ocupa-se dos mensageiros divinos propriamente ditos, geralmente traduzidos ou compreendidos como anjos. Neste ponto, interpretações relacionadas à identidade, nomenclaturas e funções são destrinchadas pontualmente. Por fim, a atividade do mensageiro bíblico será analisada ainda à luz dos mensageiros correspondentes da literatura do antigo Oriente Médio. / This thesis aims at conducting a general analysis of the divine messengers described by the term malakh reported in the Hebrew Bible. In the biblical text is the term used by malakh refer to human messengers sent to the supernatural and still subordinate to God. The entire first chapter is devoted to the investigation of the etymology of the word in question. In order to clearly discern the relationship or even the opposition between human and divine messengers, the second chapter deals with various biblical episodes where men play the role of messengers, not only as bearers of a divine message, but also with political functions and diplomatic. Still dealing with this type of messenger, it is emphasized the presence of the prophets and priests who despite belonging to the human sphere, play the role of messengers of divinity. Then the third and final chapter deals with the divine messengers themselves, usually translated or understood as \"angels\". At this point, interpretations related to identity, classifications and functions are fleshed out on time. Finally, the activity of biblical Bible will be examined further in light of relevant messengers literature of the ancient Middle East.

Angelology emerged under the domination of Jewish groups. Reconstructing a brief history for Jewish groups of the Second Temple Period is necessary to ascertain which Jewish group may be aligned with the angelology of 1 Enoch. Moreover, angelology developed within this natural historical context. An exploration of the tradition of angelology includes angelic origins, their functions in the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, possible mythical associations, and speculation about why angels surfaced within Israelite religion. Examining the background, structure, and contents of 1 Enoch will ensconce the Enochic writings, within the Second Temple Period. Various theories exist concerning the origins, genre, and characteristics of the apocalyptic. Although there is no agreement about these issues, I propose that 1 Enoch exhibits an apocalyptic perspective. While the notion of angels possibly appeared early in Semitic literature, a proliferation of angelology developed by the time of the writing of the books of I Enoch. It is judicious to examine which group possibly produced the Enochic corpus and pos&1"ble reasons for an increase in angelic speculation within these writings. It is my conviction that 1Enoch6 was dependent upon Genesis 6:1-4, which seived as a midrash of this earlier mythical tradition. I aspire to validate that both Genesis 6: 1-4 and the Book ofW atchers exhibits priestly concerns that are in sync with the Pentateuch. Priestly interests evident in the Enochic tradition may suggest the writer was a priest, who sought to address contentious issues involving the Jerusalem priesthood of his time. I believe this research is necessary to establish that Enoch's angelology influenced late Second Temple Jewish society. This is evidenced within subsequent Jewish literatures, which display Enochic angelic concepts, and reflects the belief system of a segment of Jewish society during that time. I am appreciative of the University of South Africa, the examining committee, and professor Spangenberg for their guidance. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

Angelology emerged under the domination of Jewish groups. Reconstructing a brief history for Jewish groups of the Second Temple Period is necessary to ascertain which Jewish group may be aligned with the angelology of 1 Enoch. Moreover, angelology developed within this natural historical context. An exploration of the tradition of angelology includes angelic origins, their functions in the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, possible mythical associations, and speculation about why angels surfaced within Israelite religion. Examining the background, structure, and contents of 1 Enoch will ensconce the Enochic writings, within the Second Temple Period. Various theories exist concerning the origins, genre, and characteristics of the apocalyptic. Although there is no agreement about these issues, I propose that 1 Enoch exhibits an apocalyptic perspective. While the notion of angels possibly appeared early in Semitic literature, a proliferation of angelology developed by the time of the writing of the books of I Enoch. It is judicious to examine which group possibly produced the Enochic corpus and pos&1"ble reasons for an increase in angelic speculation within these writings. It is my conviction that 1Enoch6 was dependent upon Genesis 6:1-4, which seived as a midrash of this earlier mythical tradition. I aspire to validate that both Genesis 6: 1-4 and the Book ofW atchers exhibits priestly concerns that are in sync with the Pentateuch. Priestly interests evident in the Enochic tradition may suggest the writer was a priest, who sought to address contentious issues involving the Jerusalem priesthood of his time. I believe this research is necessary to establish that Enoch's angelology influenced late Second Temple Jewish society. This is evidenced within subsequent Jewish literatures, which display Enochic angelic concepts, and reflects the belief system of a segment of Jewish society during that time. I am appreciative of the University of South Africa, the examining committee, and professor Spangenberg for their guidance. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

The aim of this study is twofold: to identify the theological purpose underlying the depiction of angels at certain key points in the history of their use, and to explore how far that deeper theological rationale can be re-appropriated for our own day. This study first traces the progression of the angelic motif in the Hebrew Scriptures. By examining numerous pericopes in the Pentateuch, major prophets and Daniel, I demonstrate that the metamorphosis of higher-order beings like the angel of the Lord, cherubim and seraphim, is directly related to the writers' desire to enhance God's transcendence. Next, I evaluate pseudo-Denys' hierarchical angelology, which prominent theologians like Luther and Calvin condemned as little more than a Neoplatonic scheme for accessing God through angels. I propose that not only has pseudo-Denys' Neoplatonism been overstated, but that his angelology is particularly noteworthy for the way it accentuates Christ's eucharistic immanence to the Church. Then I maintain that because assessments of Aquinas' angelology are often based upon the Summa Theologiae, his views are wrongly portrayed as overtly philosophical, rather than biblical and exegetical. In his lesser-known biblical commentaries, however, Aquinas pushes the semantic range of the word ‘angel' to include aspects of the physical world, which unveils an imaginative, Christocentric, and scriptural dimension of his angelology that is rarely acknowledged. The conclusion considers how contemporary figures and movements relate to these three angelologies. Barth emphasises the transcendent God but unlike Hebrew Scripture, weakens connections between God and angels. New Ageism affirms the immanent angel but unlike pseudo-Denys, does so at the expense of Christology and ecclesiology. Contemporary ecological discourse generally lacks Aquinas' appreciation for an imaginative, supernatural approach to the world. Finally, I ground the angels' relationship to transcendence, immanence and imagination in an experiential, eucharistic context.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ionara Cristine Lermen.pdf: 5175071 bytes, checksum: 7a8d2f2d74e8ca3b2496e27b56b89e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-04 / This research aimed to understand which relationships and possible contributions, arising from the study of angelology, to the technological-scientific thinking in the area of communication and semiotics, media events from Angel's character in the movies. Conjectured that the figure of the Angel addressed within the study of angelology had relations and fundamental contributions to the field of communication, both similar in character, from the perspective of reasoning character "messenger", as well as persuasive element within the manifestations media in film, considering his character and religious mythological-archetypal followed by their relevance as semiotic sign, in particular, has also sought to understand the figure of the Angel from the studies of angelology (pseudoscience proposed within the study of religion, theology and philosophy, addressed in particular by the authors Arturo Blanco and Charles Ryrie and Judeo-Christian literature with reference to the Bible) and its categorization within the sciences, briefly adding their spheres of analysis within the cradle of these (philosophy) and the study of religion (theology), and to analyze in a descriptive interpretation based on comparative argument twenty-five films that include the character Angel (Western filmographies dated in the period between the late twentieth and early twenty-first century) generating categories of "types "recurring characters archetypally (theoretical guided especially Carl Jung and Christopher Vogler), He has helped the findings on concepts of communication theory that made use of the Angel as a metaphor for its phenomena, in particular by the authors' Michel Serres and Walter Benjamin and issues arising from modeling and translatability studies Semiotics of Culture, with its exponent, Iury Lotman. The theoretical-methodological procedure took around concepts based on media publications and media holders (motion pictures), proposed in descriptive, analytical and interpretive, generating a basic qualitative research. The work shows is important considering that the area of communication has proved lacking in research that promote interaction between scientific and technological studies pseudoscience, such as the angelology. How conclusive elements, brings desmitificam notes that the idealization of common sense Angel necessarily be basic Judeo-Christian film, permeated with new specificities and attributes that only introduces narativa well as attentive to the unfounded idea that characters Angels the fantastic genre, are recurring in film, thus leaving open the reflection of the possible contributions that digital technologies within the communication can provide for amplification, and dissemination "materialization" of the universe and its angelological signs, making use of the seventh art / A presente pesquisa objetivou compreender quais as relações e contribuições possíveis, advindas dos estudos da angelologia, para com o pensamento tecnológico-científico na área da comunicação e semiótica, a partir de manifestações midiáticas da personagem Anjo no cinema. Conjecturou-se que a figura do Anjo, abordada dentro dos estudos da angelologia possuía relações e contribuições fundamentais para com a área da comunicação, em caráter tanto análogo, sob a ótica da fundamentação de personagem mensageiro , bem como elemento persuasivo dentro das manifestações midiáticas no cinema, tendo em vista seu caráter mitológico-arquetípico e religioso seguido de sua relevância enquanto signo semiótico; Em específico, buscou ainda compreender a figura do Anjo a partir dos estudos da angelologia (pseudociência proposta dentro dos estudos da religião, da teologia e da filosofia, abordada em especial através dos autores Arturo Blanco e Charles Ryrie e de literatura judaico-cristã tendo como referência a Bíblia) e sua categorização dentro das ciências, agregando brevemente suas esferas de análise dentro do berço destas (filosofia) e do estudo das religiões (teologia), além de analisar de modo descritivo interpretativo com base no argumento comparativo, vinte e cinco filmes que contemplam a personagem Anjo (filmografias ocidentais datadas no período entre os final do século XX e início do século XXI) gerando categorias de "tipos" de personagens recorrentes arquetipicamente (referencial teórico pautado especialmente em Carl Jung e Christopher Vogler); Amparou as constatações em conceitos da teoria da comunicação que fizeram o uso do Anjo como metáfora para seus fenômenos, em especial através dos autores Michel Serres e Walter Benjamim e as questões da modelização e tradutibilidade advindas dos estudos da Semiótica da Cultura, com seu expoente, Iury Lotman. O procedimento teórico-metodológico se deu em torno de conceitos advindos de suportes bibliográficos e de suportes de mídia (filmes cinematográficos), em proposta descritiva, analítica e interpretativa, gerando uma pesquisa de base qualitativa. A obra mostra-se importante por considerar-se que a área da comunicação tem se mostrado carente de pesquisas que promovam a interação entre estudos tecnológicos científicos e as pseudociências, a exemplo da angelologia. Como elementos conclusivos, traz apontamentos que desmitificam a idealização do senso comum do Anjo ser necessariamente de base judaico-cristã no cinema, permeado por especificidades e novos atributos que apenas a narativa introduz, bem como atenta-se para a ideia infundada de que personagens Anjos no gênero fantástico, são recorrentes no cinema, deixando-se assim em aberto a reflexão das possíveis contribuições que as tecnologias digitais dentro da comunicação podem oferecer para a amplificação, disseminação e "materialização" do universo angelológico e seus signos, fazendo uso da sétima arte

The topic of angels in the spirituality of practicing Catholics Abstract The aim of the thesis is to investigate what is the impact of new religious movements' concepts on practicing Catholics in Ostrava region, especially focused on angel's topic. The first part of the thesis introduces the Catholic doctrine on angles. In the second chapter new religious movements' view on the angelic beings is introduced. Into consideration mostly written texts by new movements' authors are taken, especially of these with the biggest influence on Czech spiritual sphere. The third part analyses how deeply active Catholics are influenced by new movements' ideas and their angels' concepts. Method used is quantitative research amongst Ostrava region Catholic parishioners. Keywords angelology, angels, christianity, new religious movements, Catholics spirituality, Ostrava region