Texte remanié de: PhD th--Department of archaeology--University of Reading, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 241-251.

Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D.--Archaeology--Oxford, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 133-142.

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The long history of Anglo-French relations has often been acrimonious. After the German defeat of France in June 1940 the right to represent the French nation was contested by Philippe Pétain’s Vichy government and Charles de Gualle’s London-based Free French resistance movement. This thesis will examine the highly complex relationship between Britain and these two competing sources of Frenchness between 1940 and 1945. It will do so through a series of empire-themed “crisis points,” which contributed to a heightened state of Anglo-French tension affecting all three actors. This study uses rhetoric as a means to link decision makers or statesman to the public sphere. It argues that policy makers, whether in the British War Cabinet, de Gaulle’s headquarters at Carlton Gardens, or Pétain’s ministries at Vichy anticipated how their policies were likely to be received by a group or groups of individuals. These were individuals who contributed towards what decision makers believed to be public opinion. Perceptions of public opinion, in other words, played a vital role in policy creation. In turn, the desire to get one or more sectors of the public “on board” with a particular policy or wartime operation gave rhetoric a place of primary importance. Specifically, we will see how policy makers carefully constructed and revised public statements and speeches. When these external communications and explanations are placed side by side with internal official discussions, it will become evident that rhetoric is itself a vital strategic tool. The grammatical constructions and vocabulary that made up official statements and mass media responses shed light on broader wartime themes including victory and defeat, allies and enemies, power, sovereignty, neutrality and morality. Ultimately, acknowledging that rhetoric is an inherent part of policy making allows us to better understand the links between the governing bodies of a nation and those who have a stake in its policies. At the same time, it allows us to see how less tangible normative factors continue to impact this process.

My dissertation is a comparative analysis of the juncture at which Chinese poetry became “modern.” The catalyst for this development was the early twentieth-century translation into Chinese of the European Romantics, which was contemporaneous with changes and permutations within the “herbs and beauty” myth crucial to the conception of the Chinese poet. I argue that the convergence of the two serve as an anchor for examining China’s literary responses, in both form and content, to drastic social change brought about by rapid modernization and dramatic revolutions. Through a diverse selection of written and visual texts, I scrutinize and accentuate two ambivalences that, I argue, China’s struggle for modernity required and to which the “herbs and beauty” myth gives form. On the one hand, I locate a moment when the essential femininity of the traditional Chinese poet (man or woman) came to be displaced onto the Western new woman, as the Southern Society, a large community of Chinese poets in the early 20th century, revamped the “herbs and beauty” allegory through their project of translating the European Romantics into Chinese. On the other hand, I investigate how modern Chinese poets and intellectuals, torn between their residual attachment to a hallowed national literary tradition and their new quest for non-indigenous (European) sources, partook in the difficult moments of China’s modern transformation by constantly redefining the interconnections between the beautiful and the virtuous through translation and transcultural relation. In each instance in question, the influence of translation causes a shift in modes of representation that require new definitions of what it means to be a poet in an increasingly unspiritual and commodified world: together, these examples enable me to conceptualize the poetics and politics of what I call “translated affect” and “affective modernity.” / 10000-01-01

This master's thesis is the result of an effort to analyse Witenagemot, the Anglo-Saxon medieval assembly in terms of its constitutional functions and its relationship to the English monarch during its existence from the 7th to the 11th century. In the beginning, the work deals with etymology and the definition of the term Witenagemot, which is cited not only in historical sources but also in English historiography. Furthermore, through critical analysis of historical sources and available English literature, the work discusses Witenagemot's origins, development, organization and basic functions in dedicated chapters. In these chapters, particular emphasis is placed on the drafting of Anglo-Saxon charters conferring privileges and patronages, on the appointment of prelates and nobility, on the exercise of justice, and on the creation of Anglo-Saxon law codes as an important source of Anglo-Saxon law. The thesis also deals with the right of the assembly to elect the king and its significance for the formation of Anglo-Saxon law within the framework of the English constitutional development at the end and after the dissolution of the assembly itself in the second half of the 11th century. Attention is paid here, above all, to the way in which the right to elect the king was used to permanently alter...

While the political and social spaces of Old English literature are fairly well understood, this project examines the conceptual spaces in Old English poetry. The Anglo-Saxons possessed a richly metaphorical understanding of the world, not merely in the sense of artistically ornamental metaphor, but in Lakoff and Johnson's sense of conceptual metaphor, which reflects the structures of thought through which a culture understands their world. Three domains exhibit developed systems of conceptual metaphor for the Anglo-Saxons: the self, death, and the world. First, the Anglo-Saxon self is composed of four distinct entities--body, mind, soul, and a life-force--which each behave independently as they compete for control in poems like The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and Soul and Body. Second, death for the Anglo-Saxon is expressed through a number of metaphors involving the status or placement of the body: removal to a distant place; separation of the body and the soul; location down on or within the earth; and the loss of life as a possession. Predominance of a particular metaphor contributes to the effects of individual poems, from The Fates of the Apostles and Beowulf to The Battle of Maldon and The Wife's Lament. Third, the Anglo-Saxon world is a large structure like a building, with its three primary components--heaven, hell, and earth--each themselves presented as building-like structures. Old English poetry, including native versions of Genesis, reveal heaven to be a protective Anglo-Saxon hall, while hell is a cold prison. The earth, in poems like Christ II and Guthlac B, is either a wide plain or a comforting house. Christ I connects these worlds through gates, including Mary, characterized as a wall-door. Finally, the apocalyptic Christ III employs metaphorical spaces for all three conceptual domains treated in this study but dramatizes their breakdown even as it reveals spatial enclosure the overarching structure of metaphorical concepts in Old English poetry.

Submitted by Gabriel de Lima Alves Cortez null (gabriel.lacortez@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T00:25:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gabriel.pdf: 4520363 bytes, checksum: b73c6bb7dd37d3be45a4ee73fe500667 (MD5) / Submitted by Gabriel de Lima Alves Cortez null (gabriel.lacortez@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-28T12:13:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Gabriel.pdf: 4520363 bytes, checksum: b73c6bb7dd37d3be45a4ee73fe500667 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-11-28T13:35:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_gl_me_bauru.pdf: 4520363 bytes, checksum: b73c6bb7dd37d3be45a4ee73fe500667 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-28T13:35:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_gl_me_bauru.pdf: 4520363 bytes, checksum: b73c6bb7dd37d3be45a4ee73fe500667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo tem o objetivo de compreender a maneira com que quatro dos principais veículos do jornalismo anglo - saxão retrataram o Brasil e os brasileiros duran te a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. Interessa perceber como as noções de brasilidade são descritas pela imprensa estrangeira – especificamente, por veículos de comunicação dos Estados Un idos e da Inglaterra. Ambas as nações aparecem com frequência no discurso dos brasileiros em relaçã o às ideias de cultura, de organização e de civilização (em um sentido positivista dos te rmos); além disso, constituem - se como duas de nossas fontes de alteridade mais proclamadas (como indica Renato Ortiz). Mas, afinal, o que definiria o Brasil como “naçã o” e o que nos diferencia ria de outros povos? Existiria, de fato, um “caráter” nacional? Pontualme nte, seríamos vistos como “o” “P aís do futebol” aos olhos da imprensa estrangeira? É o que se busca compreender neste estudo , a partir da análise dos textos do corpus e d a leitura de autores da historiografia nacional e da Comunicação Esportiva que, via futebol, procuram um entendimento do que é o simbólico “ser” brasileiro. A fundamentação teórica, a discussão dos resultados e as considerações se baseiam em fundamentos da Análise do Discurso Francesa, na noção de interculturalidade e nos Estudos Culturais. Sob este referencial, prosse gui mos uma Análise do Discurso dos jornais The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Times e The Guardian , em textos sobre o Mundial - 2014, a fim de identificar se as noçõe s de brasilidade comparecem ness es periódicos de maneira essencialista ou de maneira plural . / CORTEZ, Gabriel de Lima Alves. The brazilianness notion in the Anglo - Saxon journalism : a discourse analysis of US and English newspapers in the period of FIFA 2014 World Cup. 2017. 201 p . Disserta tion (M aster ’ s Program in Communication ) – São Paulo State University , UNESP, Bauru, 2017. ABSTRACT This study aims to understand the way that in which four of the main vehicles of Anglo - Saxon journalism portrayed Brazil and the Brazilians during the 2014 Football World Cup. Our interest here is to verify how the B razilianness notions are described by the foreign press – specifically, by media of U nited S tates and England. Both coutnries appear frequently in Brazilians ’ discourses about “ cu lture ” , organization and civilization (in a positivist sense of these terms); more than that, they are two of our more proclaimed sources of otherness by common sense and even by the academy (as shown Renato Ortiz). However , ultimately, what defines Brazil as a "nation" and what differentiates us from other people? In fact, does really exists a “national” character ? And , beyond that, how some of the most important US and English media discourses operate these representations? How the foreign journalistic di scourses contribute to the construction of a "B razilianness"? That is what we will seek to understand with this research. The theoretical foundation, the results and the final considerations is based on concepts of French Discourse Analysis and on Cultural Studies. The c ollection of material was done in reports published before, during and after the World Cup - 2014 in digital versions of The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Times and The Guardian . / 2015/ 24057-7

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L'analyse des textes internationaux démontre que les règles du droit anglo-américain sont les plus sollicitées pour régir les contrats internationaux dès leur formation et jusqu'à leur extinction. La combinaison de différents facteurs explique ce phénomène actuel d'influence du droit anglo-américain et dévoile son ampleur. D'une part, le phénomène de la mondialisation, qui s'exprime essentiellement par l'internationalisation de l'économie, a entraîné une concurrence entre les nations, relative à l'attractivité de leur droit. La flexibilité et le pragmatisme du droit anglo-américain semblent, d'autre part, l'avoir emporté sur le légicentrisme du droit civil. Enfin, l'expansion des outils issus de l'analyse économique du droit dans les différents systèmes juridiques cosmopolites matérialise indubitablement ce phénomène anglo-américain de pénétration de la dimension économique dans la sphère juridique. Par ailleurs, plusieurs mécanismes contractuels anglo-américains sont importés dans les projets d'unification du droit des contrats; ceux-ci véhiculent effectivement la philosophie juridique des « commonlawyers ». Par rapport aux autres normes incorporées dans les textes internationaux essentiellement du droit romano-germanique, l'intégration des règles anglo-américaines a abouti à un renforcement des principes directeurs de la liberté et de la loyauté contractuelle ainsi qu'un affaiblissement du principe de la sécurité contractuelle / The analysis of international texts shows that the rules of Anglo-American law are the most used to regulate International contracts from their formation until their extinction. The combination of various factors explains this current phenomenon of influence of Anglo-American law and reveals its magnitude. On the one hand, the phenomenon of globalization, which is expressed essentially by the internationalization of the economy, has led to competition between nations for the attractiveness of their norms. The flexibility and pragmatism of Anglo-American law, on the other hand, seem to have prevailed over the legitimacy of civil law. Finally, the expansion of the tools resulting from the economic analysis of the law in the different cosmopolitan legal systems undoubtedly materializes this Anglo-American phenomenon of penetration of the economic dimension in the legal sphere. In addition, several Anglo-American contractual mechanisms are imported into the the projects of unification of the law of international contracts ; the effectively convey the legal philosophy of the common lawyers. The integration of Anglo-American rules has resulted in a strengthening of the guiding principles of freedom and contractual loyaulty, as well as weakening of the principle of contractual security