Thesis (M.I.S.)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-64).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Orientador: Odair Benedito Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:07:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moretti_ThiagodeCarvalho_M.pdf: 4612356 bytes, checksum: 7362c6da7a5ec7b1bd039076672a68d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Embora estudos do destino post-mortem de cadáveres humanos sejam de interesse forense, e na natureza grandes animais se tomem disponíveis à colonização por insetos logo após a morte, o destino do vasto número de carcaças de animais pequenos em alguns habitats, bem. como os parâmetros que conduzem este processo, ainda são pouco estudados. Em vista deste quadro, foram conduzidos estudos sobre a decomposição de carcaças de pequenos roedores em uma área de vegetação secundária dentro do campus da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP (22°49'15"S, 47°04'08"W) na cidade de Campinas - SP (Brasil), de agosto de 2003 a junho de 2004, para analisar a composição da fauna de invertebrados que visitam e colonizam os cadáveres. Quatro carcaças de camundongo de laboratório (Mus musculus) e quatro carcaças de rato (Rattus norvegicus) foram expostas em cada estação, durante o período acima estabelecido. As carcaças foram acondicionadas em aparato adequado para coleta de insetos imaturos e adultos. No curso da decomposição das 32 carcaças, foram coletados 6514 exemplares (820 adultos e 5694 imaturos) de 53 espécies de artrópodes pertencentes às famílias Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Syrphidae, Richardiidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae, Otitidae, Drosophilidae, Phoridae, Dolichopodidae, Anthomyiidae, Asilidae e Lauxaniidae (Diptera), Formicidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae e Apidae (Hymenoptera), Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) e Gonyleptidae (Opiliones). As espécies colonizadoras mais abundantes foram Luci/ia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), bem como as espécies de Sarcophagidae Pec/da (pattonella) intermutans (Walker, 1861) e Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794), as quais são raramente vistas criando-se em carcaças de grandes animais. Este comportamento pode sugerir uma especialização destas espécies em colonizar carcaças pequenas, possivelmente como estratégia de escape à competição com outras espécies de dípteros necrófagos em carcaças de grandes animais / Abstract: Although studies of the post-mortem fate of human corpses are of forensic interest, and in natural environments large animals become available to insect colonization soon after death, the fate of the vast number of small carcasses in some habitats, as well as the parameters that lead this process, are not objective of important investigations. Due to this situation, decomposition studies of small rodent carcasses were conducted in a secondary wood area within the Campus of Campinas State University - UNlCAMP (22°49' 15"S, 47°04'08"W) in the municipality of Campinas (Brazil), fTom August 2003 to June 2004, to analyze the composition of the local carrion visiting and colonizing invertebrate fauna. Four laboratory mouse carcasses (Mus musculus) and four rat carcasses (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed in each season, during the set period. AlI the carcasses were placed in an iron-mesh cage, which was adequate to collect adult and immature insects. In the course of the decomposition of the 32 rodent carcasses, 6514 specimens (820 adults and 5694 immatures) of 53 aqhropod species fTom the families Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Syrphidae, Richardiidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae, Otitidae, Drosophilidae, Phoridae, Dolichopodidae, Anthomyiidae, Asilidae and Lauxaniidae (Diptera), Formicidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae e Apidae (Hymenoptera), Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) and Gonyleptidae (Opiliones) were collected. The most abundant species breeding on the carcasses were Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and some Sarcophagidae species, such as Pec/da (pattonella) intermutans (Walker, 1861) and Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficomis (Fabricius, 1794), which are rarely seen breeding on carcasses of large animals. This behavior can suggest a specialization of these species in colonizing small carcasses, possibly an attempt to avoid competition with other species of necrophagous Diptera in carcasses of large animals / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia

The high cost of feed materials and feed additives in developing nations has elicited interest in the search for sustainable alternatives. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), one of such sustainable alternatives is a tropical plant that has its usefulness investigated in this study. A 42-day study was designed to determine the response of Ross 308 broilers to dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. The Moringa oleifera leaves used for the study were analysed for proximate, mineral and composition as well as phytochemical contents before being incorporated in the diet. Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 500) were allotted to five treatments in completely randomized design with each treatment replicated five times and each replicate having 20 chicks. The birds were subjected to diets supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed at both starter and finisher stage, respectively and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Moringa oleifera leaf meal level that supported optimum production and physiological variables was modelled using the quadratic function. At day 42, three birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and organ yields. Result of the proximate composition revealed that MOLM is rich in protein (32.37%) and neutral detergent fibre (52.16%). Mineral assay indicated that MOLM was high in calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur and iron. Daily feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were the same among the treatments with the exception of starter broilers on diet T1 that had higher ADG (p<0.05) than those on the other diets. Final live weight (FLW), mortality and gizzard weight were influenced (p<0.05) by Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no effect on parameters measured. Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation at 39.98 and 35.80 g/kg feed supported optimum FLW and ADG at starter phase and 46.88 g/kg feed MOLM supported optimum FLW at finisher phase. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal is a good source of nutrients and suitable for production of enhanced cut parts in broiler chickens. Birds on 50 and 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed had higher (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and glucose than those on the other 3 treatment diets. The white blood cell (WBC) counts for birds on 50 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed were higher (p<0.05) than those on 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed but similar (p>0.05) to those on 0, 25 and 75 g MOLM/kg feed. Blood platelet count maintained the trend 75 g > 0 g > 50 g > 100 g > 25 g MOLM/kg feed with birds on 75 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed being statistically higher (p<0.05) than those on 25, 50 and 100 g MOLM/kg feed. Dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had no significant effect (p>0.05) on haemoglobin (Hb), total serum protein (TSP), albumin, cholesterol and uric acid. Triglyceride (TG) level of birds on 25, 75 and 100 g Moringa oleifera leaf meal/kg feed decreased significantly compared to those on 0 and 50 g MOLM/kg feed. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the differential WBC count. Daily Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation with 26.99 g/kg feed and 31.95 g/kg feed respectively supported optimum PCV (38.62%) and glucose (245.42 mg/dl) in Ross 308 broilers. It is, therefore summarized that optimizing MOLM supplementation level in the ration of Ross 308 broilers could assist in improving their productivity. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / Ph. D. (Agriculture)