This thesis explores the growth of antislavery sentiment in the English-speaking world during the eighteenth century. I examine the institutional processes, transatlantic discourses, and ideological schema with which individuals and groups reformulated their identities as a means of extricating themselves from slavery's various social, economic, and ethical implications. I argue that abolitionism in England is best understood as the cumulative outcome to a series of identity reconstructions, and that a Histoire des Mentalités, as drawn from the Annales School, is an apt methodology for unmasking the structural underpinnings of an antislavery identity.

Against the Tide investigates systematically for the first time how resistances to methodologies advanced by historians associated with the Annales School, one of the most influential twentieth-century schools of historical thought, came to exist in England, France, Germany, Italy and the United States between 1900 and 1970. It defines ‘methodology' in broad terms as the practice of history and poses a series of questions about resistances: who or what created them? What constituted them? Did they centre on a particular methodology, Annales historian or the Annales School as a whole? And what did opposition to methodologies incorporate: technical debates in isolation or wider issues associated with politics, religion and philosophy? The dissertation uses an interdisciplinary conceptual framework,drawing together ideas advanced in the history of science, sociology of education and knowledge, and comparative history, in order to answer these questions. The responses offered refer to and draw on a selection of sources: one hundred and nine scholars' private archives, the articles, books, critical reviews and published letters of a variety of historians and segments of the growing literature both about the Annales School and about the institutions within which the historical discipline operated during the twentieth century. They suggest that resistances played an important part in the international dissemination of Annales historians' methodologies, that resistors held different ideas about the Annales School from those of its creators and divergent methodological commitments, but that they like Annales historians often sought to enhance historical research and sometimes worked on the same subjects but in different and occasionally equally inventive ways. Overall, the findings illustrate a limited but important part of Annales' own history and thereby help to cast the School in new light on terms other than its own by placing it in the transnational context of twentieth-century transatlantic historiography.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcone Bezerra Carvalho.pdf: 1359245 bytes, checksum: b21c185a79adcb8fd713e99d1d4fa5eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / French historian Émile-G. Léonard, while residing in Brazil (1948-1950) and teaching at the Universidade de São Paulo (USP), made an assessment of the Protestant segment in Brazil. He wrote a work that, six decades later, still constitutes the main interpretation of the Brazilian Protestant movement. This Sorbonne chair professor was influenced by the Annales School (especially by Lucien Fevbre) and was the first historian of this movement to consider Brazil as an object of research. This thesis approaches, firstly, the scenario of contemporary historiography and its impact within or on the overall context of the country. Next, it presents an overview of Léonard s life and work, with special attention given to his production about Brazil, that is to his Brazilianism . The last chapter deals with his evaluation of Brazilian Protestantism, and analyzes his contribution and influence with respect to studies developed around this theme. / Durante o período em que esteve no Brasil (1948-1950) como professor da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), o historiador francês Émile-G. Léonard analisou a presença protestante no país e escreveu uma obra que, passadas seis décadas, ainda se constitui na principal interpretação do movimento evangélico brasileiro. Influenciado pela Escola dos Annales - particularmente por Lucien Fevbre -, o catedrático da Sorbonne foi o primeiro historiador ligado ao movimento a tomar o Brasil como objeto de estudo. O trabalho que ora apresentamos aborda, primeiramente, o cenário da historiografia contemporânea e seus ecos no contexto nacional. Em seguida, a vida e a obra de Léonard são tratadas, dando-se especial atenção à sua produção sobre o Brasil, ou seja, ao seu Brasilianismo. No último capítulo, sua reflexão a respeito do protestantismo brasileiro, sua influência e contribuição aos estudos relacionados ao tema são analisadas.