Aspects of the ecological systemic approach were used to provide a framework for the understanding of the dynamics of anorexia nervosa and were empirically tested by comparing 30 anorexics and their parents to 34 matched control subjects and their parents. The theoretical model employed was an adaptation of Conger's Ecological-Systems approach which was based on the principles of Bronfenbrennei's theory of human development. The subjects were compared on selected variables arising from the individual, parent, family, and community systems using: 1) the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), 2) the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB), 3) the Family Environment Scale (FES), and 4) the Pattison Psychosocial Inventory (PPI). Statistical analysis of the difference between means was tested using Hotelling's (T²) procedure followed by a discriminant analysis. The final analysis occured using a Stepwise Discriminant procedure. The results of the stepwise analysis revealed that the Affiliation score (SASB) for the anorexics and the control subjects and the Psychopathic Deviancy score (CPI-Clinical) of the mothers of the anorexics and the controls were the variables which contributed to the discriminant analysis. With the Affiliation and the Psychopathic Deviancy scores alone, it was possible to correctly classify 87.5% of the research subjects. Analyses also showed statistically significant results at the individual, parent, and family levels. Specifically, the anorexic daughters were found to have a negative self-worth as measured by the SASB. They were also more anxious and at odds with themselves and others (CPI). The anorexics were more depressed than the controls, had a greater tendency toward rebelliousness and hostility toward authority, and expressed their feelings in a more indirect manner. The anorexics may use ritualistic thoughts and actions in an attempt to structure their lives to overcome their feelings of losing control. They lack a sense of who they are emotionally and generally feel alienated and lonely as if on the outside looking in. The CPI-Psychopathic Deviancy scale was significantly higher for the mothers of the anorexics than for the controls. No differences were found between the two groups of fathers. Interactions within the family, as perceived by the anorexics, were characterized by overprotection and control by the mothers while the anorexics responded with significantly less affiliation to both their mothers and their fathers. The mothers of the anorexics also viewed their daughters as being less friendly in the relationship. There were no significant findings regarding the perceptions of the fathers of the anorexics and the controls. The families of the anorexics were less supportive, helpful and committed to each other than were the families of the control subjects as measured by the FES. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

M.A. (Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Zugl.: Diplomarbeit.

Thesis (M A(Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Bibliography: leaves 133-151.

Bakgrund: Trots att alla äter har samhället svårt att förstå tanken av oreglerat ätande. Ätstörningar är ett stort och växande problem runt om i världen, och med förändrade sociokulturella normer och ideal ställs orealistiska krav på många människor, i synnerhet unga kvinnor. Dessa förväntningar tvingar kvinnor att ta till extrema metoder för att gå ner i vikt, följt av en vardag som präglas av dåligt självförtroende och andra psykiska konsekvenser. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av anorexia nervosa. Metod: Tio kvalitativa studier har kvalitetsgranskats, analyserats och sammanställts till litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre kategorier och elva underkategorier. Resultatet visar att de bakomliggande orsakerna upplevs vara en kombination mellan låg självkänsla, lågt självförtroende och yttre förväntningar och påtryckningar. Anorexia nervosa upplevs som ett funktionellt verktyg, men övergår med tiden till en kontrollerande sjukdom som måste förgöras. Konklusion: Att leva med anorexia nervosa präglas av ambivalens och förvirring. Det är svårt att släppa taget om något som har blivit ens identitet. Litteraturstudiens resultat kan ge vårdpersonal ökad kunskap om hur det är att leva med anorexia nervosa och därmed få bättre förutsättningar för att ge stöd och god omvårdnad.

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Objective: The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a reliable and valid semi-structured interview, which measures the specific psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the child adaptation of version 12.0D of the EDE (ChEDE 12.0). Method: The ChEDE 12.0 was administered to 15 children with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 children with other clinical eating disturbances and two groups of 15 age-matched controls. The groups were compared using a two sample matched groups design. Results: Alpha coefficients for each of the ChEDE 12.0 subscales indicated a high degree of internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability was found to be high (r=0.91 to r=1.00). The subscale scores of the AN group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, whilst the other eating disturbance group did not differ from its control group. Discussion: The ChEDE 12.0 differentiates children with AN from children with other forms of clinical eating disturbance and control children. The hypothesis that children with early onset anorexia nervosa would not evidence significant weight and shape concern is refuted

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-03 / This research aims to understand the experienced body experience in anorexia nervosa, investigating the anorexic phenomenon in the body lived by taking as theoretical reference the philosophical phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty. The relevance of this theme consists of the fact that anorexia nervosa has been consolidating itself as a serious psychiatric disorder, being the third most common chronic disease among female adolescents and the pathology with the highest gross mortality rate among all Psychiatric disorders, with high risk of suicide. Considering a look at the phenomenon of anorexia nervosa beyond the nosological criteria, our research signals the need for a rupture with the dichotomous perspective of pathology, as it is coming into contact with the experience experienced by patients Anorexic, we favor a look that sees man beyond an object and perceives it in his mundane relationship, traversed by the historical, ideological, cultural aspects, among others. Seeking to achieve the objectives proposed in this study, we carried out a qualitative research from the critical phenomenological method inspired by the phenomenology of Merleau- Ponty and proposed by Moreira. For patients interviewed, anorexia nervosa is an experience that sometimes becomes difficult to access, because they cannot understand in many moments their body beyond an objectified element in which the pathology is signed and expressed. By perceiving the body as a thing, the incised of the possibility of an intent, disregarding the interweaving of man and world as a space where they can experience their experiences. Some of the speeches brought by the patients present a lack of knowledge about anorexia, not only for them, but for everyone with whom they relate; The fact that they are in attendance puts them in front of the food, element with which they do not want to relate, in which they feel challenged and fearful of the possible weight gain; The fragile physical condition that anorexia imposes them puts them in a position of certain impotence in the face of life, functioning that is also traversed by the emotional issues involved in the pathology and a way of seeing the body in all the nuances and possibilities That the illness promotes, thus highlighting the experience of an ambiguity lived in this body. In this way, we conclude that a look at the anorexic body from a phenomenology of the body lived in the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty will have relevant contribution in a new mode of understanding of anorexia nervosa not only in the perspective of a disorder Psychiatric, but as a phenomenon that crosses the living of the subjects as a condition of possibility of being able to exist in the world. Keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Phenomenology; Merleau-Ponty; Body lived; Anorexic lived experience. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a experiência vivida de corpo na anorexia nervosa, investigando o fenômeno anoréxico no corpo vivido tomando como referencial teórico a Fenomenologia filosófica de Merleau- Ponty. A relevância deste tema consiste pelo fato da anorexia nervosa vir se consolidando como um grave transtorno psiquiátrico, sendo a terceira doença crônica mais comum entre adolescentes do sexo feminino e a patologia com taxa de mortalidade bruta mais alta entre todas as desordens psiquiátricas, com elevado risco de suicídio. Considerando um olhar sobre o fenômeno da anorexia nervosa para além dos critérios nosológicos, nossa pesquisa sinaliza a necessidade de uma ruptura com a perspectiva dicotômica da patologia, já que entrando em contato com a experiência vivida de pacientes anoréxicas, privilegiamos um olhar que enxergue o homem para além de um objeto e o perceba em sua relação mundana, atravessado pelos aspectos históricos, ideológicos, culturais, dentre outros. Buscando atingir os objetivos propostos nesse estudo, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa a partir do método fenomenológico crítico inspirado na Fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty e proposto por Moreira. Para as pacientes entrevistadas, a anorexia nervosa é uma experiência que por vezes se torna difícil de acessar, por não conseguirem compreender em muitos momentos o seu corpo para além de um elemento objetificado em que a patologia se inscreve e se expressa. Ao perceberem o corpo como coisa, o destituem da possibilidade de uma facticidade, desconsiderando o entrelaçamento homem e mundo como espaço onde podem vivenciar suas experiências. Algumas das falas trazidas pelas pacientes nos apresentam um desconhecimento sobre a anorexia, não só por elas, mas por todos com quem se relacionam; o fato de estarem em acompanhamento as coloca frente à comida, elemento com o qual não querem se relacionar, em que se sentem desafiadas e temerosas pelo possível ganho de peso; a condição física fragilizada que a anorexia as impõem as coloca em uma posição de certa impotência frente à vida, funcionamento que também é atravessado pelas questões emocionais implicadas na patologia e uma forma de ver o corpo em todas as nuances e possibilidades que o adoecimento promove, destacando assim a experiência de uma ambiguidade vivida nesse corpo. Dessa forma, concluímos que um olhar sobre o corpo anoréxico a partir de uma fenomenologia do corpo vivido na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty terá relevante contribuição em um novo modo de compreensão da anorexia nervosa não somente na perspectiva de um transtorno psiquiátrico, mas como um fenômeno que atravessa o vivido dos sujeitos como condição de possibilidade de se poder existir no mundo. Palavras-chave: Anorexia nervosa; Fenomenologia; Merleau-Ponty; Corpo vivido; Experiência vivida anoréxica.

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