Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1952. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-78).

Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June 2010. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

ROCHA, Rafael dos Santos. Caracterização polifásica da comunidade bacteriana heterotrófica de ambiente de carcinicultura frente às tetraciclinas. 2016. 105 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia de Pesca)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-10-05T22:40:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_rsrocha.pdf: 2184416 bytes, checksum: 17a4ecb8bd02fce65742927d2927e854 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-05T23:19:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_rsrocha.pdf: 2184416 bytes, checksum: 17a4ecb8bd02fce65742927d2927e854 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T23:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_rsrocha.pdf: 2184416 bytes, checksum: 17a4ecb8bd02fce65742927d2927e854 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Antimicrobial agents of tetracycline class has been extensively used in aquaculture for disease control and growth promotion. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the polyphase profile of the bacterial community in shrimp farming environment front antimicrobial classes of tetracyclines, focusing on Vibrio genus. Water and sediment samples were collected four (4) shrimp farms: two (2) in the state of Ceará and two (2) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, of points: estuary, supply channel, pond and drainage channel. Cultivable heterotrophic bacteria (CHB), with resistance to tetracycline (CHB+TET) and oxytetracycline (CHB+OTC), total Vibrio, positive sucrose Vibrio and sucrose negative Vibrio were surveyed by Standard Plate Count method (SPC). The strains isolated from CHB, CHB+TET, CHB+OTC and Vibrio underwent phenotypic identification. The phenotypic profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of Vibrio and other BHC was compared between the disk diffusion techniques and macrodilution by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for tetracycline and oxytetracycline antimicrobials. Resistance genes tet(M), tet(S) otr(A) and otr(B) were investigated in strains characterized as phenotypically resistant. Diversity of heterotrophic bacteria is influenced by wet and rainy seasons and also by the different collection points within the shrimp farms. Overall, the CHB, CHB+TET and CHB+OTC and Vibrio counts differ between the collection seasons, with higher measurements during the rainy season to the points of pond and drainage channel. 146 strains of CHB, 57 of CHB+TET and 45 of CHB+OTC were isolated, of which the most representative genera were Vibrio and Enterobacter. A total of 100 strains of Vibrio were isolated, which V. coralliilyticus was the most representative species. Antimicrobial profile of Vibrio and other CHB differed between disk-diffusion and macrodilution techniques, being the macrodilution the most efficient in the characterization of resistance among isolates. All strains of Vibrio and other CHB, phenotypically resistant, presented the tet(M) gene as a determinant of resistance determinat, but tet(S) otr(A) and otr(B) genes were not observed. Thus, it proves that Vibrio genus is most abundant among herotrotrophic bacteria with resistance to tetracyclines, with the bacterial diversity strongly influenced by seasons. / Antimicrobianos da classe das tetraciclinas têm sido extensivamente usados em aquicultura para o controle de doenças e como promotores de crescimento. Dessa forma, foi traçado como objetivo geral avaliar o perfil polifásico da comunidade bacteriana de ambiente de criação de camarão frente aos antimicrobianos das classes das tetraciclinas, com enfoque no gênero Vibrio. Amostras de água e sedimento foram coletadas de quatro (4) fazendas de carcinicultura: duas (2) no estado do Ceará e duas (2) no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, dos pontos: estuário, canal de abastecimento, viveiro e canal de drenagem. Foram pesquisadas bactérias heterotróficas cultiváveis (BHC), com resistência à tetraciclina (BHC+TET) e oxitetraciclina (BHC+OTC), Vibrio total, sacarose positivos e negativos pelo método de Contagem Padrão em Placas (CPP). As cepas isoladas de BHC, BHC+TET, BHC+OTC e Vibrio foram submetidas à identificação fenotípica. O perfil fenotípico de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de Vibrio e demais BHC foi comparado entre as técnicas de disco-difusão e macrodiluição, pela determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) para os antimicrobianos tetraciclina e oxitetraciclina. Os genes de resistência tet(M), tet(S), otr(A) e otr(B) foram pesquisados nas cepas fenotipicamente caracterizadas como resistentes. A diversidade de bactérias heterotróficas foi influenciada pelos períodos de estio e chuvoso e também pelos diferentes pontos de coleta dentro das fazendas de carcinicultura. No geral, as contagens de BHC, BHC+TET e BHC+OTC e Vibrio e demais BHC diferiram entre os períodos de coleta, com quantificações superiores no período chuvoso para os pontos de coleta viveiro e canal de drenagem. Foram isoladas 146 cepas de BHC, 57 de BHC+TET, 25 de BHC+OTC, das quais os gêneros mais representativos foram Vibrio e Enterobacter. Foi possível o isolamento de 100 cepas de Vibrio, das quais V. coralliilyticus foi a espécie mais representativa. O perfil antimicrobiano diferiu entre as cepas de Vibrio e demais BHC entre as técnicas de disco-difusão e macrodiluição, sendo a de macrodiluição a mais eficiente na caracterização de resistência dentre os isolados. Todas as cepas de Vibrio e demais BHC, fenotipicamente resistentes, apresentaram o gene tet(M) como determinante de resistência, no entanto os genes tet(S), otr(A) e otr(B) não foram verificados. Com isso, comprovou-se que Vibrio é gênero mais abundante dentre as bactérias heterotróficas com resistência às tetraciclinas, estando a diversidade bacteriana fortemente influenciada pelos períodos do ano.

The aim of this study was to determine propagation methodology of L. sericea taking into consideration the effect of season and storage. The response of tip and basal cuttings of L. sericea to three hormonal treatments and three growth media was investigated. Seed germination response to five constant temperatures and four pre-sowing treatments was also investigated. Using NMR spectroscopy, the effects of season and storage on metabolites in leaves of L. sericea were investigated. All treatments did not initiate or improve rooting of L sericea cuttings. Seed germination percentage was significantly affected by temperature and pre-sowing treatment compared to control. The optimum seed germination percentage was obtained at 15°C (53%) when treated with smoke water. Seasonal variation affected leaf metabolite profiles. Storage did not affect the antibacterial activity of L. sericea leaves and those harvested in winter showed an MIC value of ≤3.90μg/mL when tested on Propionibacterium acnes / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000767277.pdf: 1576777 bytes, checksum: 8c82bd3957cc7f25dbc9fb4b5bb1b689 (MD5) / Antes da emergência da resistência à vancomicina, Enterococcus spp não eram considerados patógenos de grande risco para pacientes submetidos a cuidados em saúde. Estas bactérias raramente causavam infecções sistêmicas e eram isoladas principalmente de infecções urinárias. Atualmente, são considerados uma grande ameaça no ambiente hospitalar, devido à emergência dos enterococos resistentes à vancomicina (Vancomycinresistant enterococci, VRE). Nosso estudo pretendeu abordar de forma ampla a epidemiologia, os fatores de risco, a clonalidade e o prognóstico da aquisição de VRE em dois hospitais consorciados: O Hospital Estadual Bauru (HEB) e o Hospital Estadual Manuel de Abreu (HEMA), ambos pertencentes à Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo. Para tanto, combinamos metodologias de epidemiologia clássica e molecular. O período de coleta de isolados foi de janeiro de 2010 a junho de 2012, correspondendo à época de emergência e disseminação dos VRE nos hospitais do estudo. Foram incluídos 122 sujeitos que adquiriram VRE em um dos hospitais, e 8 casos classificados como importados (isto é, procedentes de outros serviços de saúde). Os isolados eram procedentes de culturas clínicas (solicitadas pelos médicos responsáveis) ou de vigilância (swabs retais coletados sob orientação da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar). Foram caracterizados por métodos usuais de identificação de espécie e antibiograma. Todos foram submetidos a tipagem molecular por Eletroforese de Campo Pulsado (Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE), utilizando a enzima de restrição smaI. Foram realizados estudos caso-controle (com análise multivariada), excluindo os sujeitos que adquiriram VRE em outros serviços. Para os 122 casos remanescentes, foram selecionados 244 controles, nos quais o VRE não foi identificado. Dentre os casos identificados nos hospitais do estudo, 113 (86,9%) foram caracterizados ... / In the decades that preceded the emergence of vancomycin resistance, Enterococcus spp. were not considered pathogens of greatest risk for patients undergoing health care. These bacteria rarely caused systemic infections and were isolated mainly from urinary tracr infections. Presently, they are considered a major threat in hospitals due to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Our study sought to provide a wide evaluation of the epidemiology, risk factors, clonality and outcome of VRE colonization/infection in two hospitals from a public health consortium: Hospital Estadual Bauru (HEB) and Hospital Estadual Manuel de Abreu (HEMA) Hospital , both belonging to São Paulo State Health Secretariat. We combined classic epidemiological methods and molecular epidemiology. The study period extended from January 2010 through June 2012 , corresponding to the time of emergence and spread of VRE in hospitals in the study. We included 122 subjects who acquired VRE in one of the study hospitals, and 8 cases classified as imported (i.e., who acquired VRE in other health services) . The isolates were obtained from clinical cultures (requested by attending physicians) or surveillance cultures (rectal swabs collected under the guidance of the Committee on Hospital Infection Control). VRE were characterized by the usual methods of species identification and antibiotic susceptibility. All isolates were subjected to molecular typing using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) using the restriction enzyme SmaI . Case-control studies (with multivariable analysis) were performed excluding subjects who acquired VRE in other services. For the remaining 122 cases , 244 controls were selected , in which VRE was not identified. Among the cases from the study hospitals, 113 (86.9%) were identified as Enterococcus faecium and 17 (13.1%) and Enterococcus faecalis. Overall, 88 (67.7%) were isolated in HEB and 42 (32.7%) in HEMA . The autochthony was ...

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Antimicrobial agents of tetracycline class has been extensively used in aquaculture for disease control and growth promotion. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the polyphase profile of the bacterial community in shrimp farming environment front antimicrobial classes of tetracyclines, focusing on Vibrio genus. Water and sediment samples were collected four (4) shrimp farms: two (2) in the state of Cearà and two (2) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, of points: estuary, supply channel, pond and drainage channel. Cultivable heterotrophic bacteria (CHB), with resistance to tetracycline (CHB+TET) and oxytetracycline (CHB+OTC), total Vibrio, positive sucrose Vibrio and sucrose negative Vibrio were surveyed by Standard Plate Count method (SPC). The strains isolated from CHB, CHB+TET, CHB+OTC and Vibrio underwent phenotypic identification. The phenotypic profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of Vibrio and other BHC was compared between the disk diffusion techniques and macrodilution by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for tetracycline and oxytetracycline antimicrobials. Resistance genes tet(M), tet(S) otr(A) and otr(B) were investigated in strains characterized as phenotypically resistant. Diversity of heterotrophic bacteria is influenced by wet and rainy seasons and also by the different collection points within the shrimp farms. Overall, the CHB, CHB+TET and CHB+OTC and Vibrio counts differ between the collection seasons, with higher measurements during the rainy season to the points of pond and drainage channel. 146 strains of CHB, 57 of CHB+TET and 45 of CHB+OTC were isolated, of which the most representative genera were Vibrio and Enterobacter. A total of 100 strains of Vibrio were isolated, which V. coralliilyticus was the most representative species. Antimicrobial profile of Vibrio and other CHB differed between disk-diffusion and macrodilution techniques, being the macrodilution the most efficient in the characterization of resistance among isolates. All strains of Vibrio and other CHB, phenotypically resistant, presented the tet(M) gene as a determinant of resistance determinat, but tet(S) otr(A) and otr(B) genes were not observed. Thus, it proves that Vibrio genus is most abundant among herotrotrophic bacteria with resistance to tetracyclines, with the bacterial diversity strongly influenced by seasons. / Antimicrobianos da classe das tetraciclinas tÃm sido extensivamente usados em aquicultura para o controle de doenÃas e como promotores de crescimento. Dessa forma, foi traÃado como objetivo geral avaliar o perfil polifÃsico da comunidade bacteriana de ambiente de criaÃÃo de camarÃo frente aos antimicrobianos das classes das tetraciclinas, com enfoque no gÃnero Vibrio. Amostras de Ãgua e sedimento foram coletadas de quatro (4) fazendas de carcinicultura: duas (2) no estado do Cearà e duas (2) no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, dos pontos: estuÃrio, canal de abastecimento, viveiro e canal de drenagem. Foram pesquisadas bactÃrias heterotrÃficas cultivÃveis (BHC), com resistÃncia à tetraciclina (BHC+TET) e oxitetraciclina (BHC+OTC), Vibrio total, sacarose positivos e negativos pelo mÃtodo de Contagem PadrÃo em Placas (CPP). As cepas isoladas de BHC, BHC+TET, BHC+OTC e Vibrio foram submetidas à identificaÃÃo fenotÃpica. O perfil fenotÃpico de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de Vibrio e demais BHC foi comparado entre as tÃcnicas de disco-difusÃo e macrodiluiÃÃo, pela determinaÃÃo da ConcentraÃÃo InibitÃria MÃnima (CIM) e ConcentraÃÃo Bactericida MÃnima (CBM) para os antimicrobianos tetraciclina e oxitetraciclina. Os genes de resistÃncia tet(M), tet(S), otr(A) e otr(B) foram pesquisados nas cepas fenotipicamente caracterizadas como resistentes. A diversidade de bactÃrias heterotrÃficas foi influenciada pelos perÃodos de estio e chuvoso e tambÃm pelos diferentes pontos de coleta dentro das fazendas de carcinicultura. No geral, as contagens de BHC, BHC+TET e BHC+OTC e Vibrio e demais BHC diferiram entre os perÃodos de coleta, com quantificaÃÃes superiores no perÃodo chuvoso para os pontos de coleta viveiro e canal de drenagem. Foram isoladas 146 cepas de BHC, 57 de BHC+TET, 25 de BHC+OTC, das quais os gÃneros mais representativos foram Vibrio e Enterobacter. Foi possÃvel o isolamento de 100 cepas de Vibrio, das quais V. coralliilyticus foi a espÃcie mais representativa. O perfil antimicrobiano diferiu entre as cepas de Vibrio e demais BHC entre as tÃcnicas de disco-difusÃo e macrodiluiÃÃo, sendo a de macrodiluiÃÃo a mais eficiente na caracterizaÃÃo de resistÃncia dentre os isolados. Todas as cepas de Vibrio e demais BHC, fenotipicamente resistentes, apresentaram o gene tet(M) como determinante de resistÃncia, no entanto os genes tet(S), otr(A) e otr(B) nÃo foram verificados. Com isso, comprovou-se que Vibrio à gÃnero mais abundante dentre as bactÃrias heterotrÃficas com resistÃncia Ãs tetraciclinas, estando a diversidade bacteriana fortemente influenciada pelos perÃodos do ano.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide.A treatment regime, both effective and safe and can only be achieved once more effective chemotherapeutic agents are discovered or identified. These “drugs” must selectively induce cell death such as apoptosis or necroptosis in the cancer cells. Apoptotic cell death allows a cell to “commit suicide” in genetically- controlled or programmed mechanism(s). The microenvironment of the tumour is important since a nurturing malignant environment is required for tumour maintenance, progression and ultimately the development of metastasis. Due to the correlation of the tumour microenvironment to aggressive tumour progression, emphasis should be placed on the constituents of the tumour’s microenvironment. In recent years, the understanding of intracellular pathways in cancer cells has increased rapidly, contributing to the development of drugs with more specific targets such as growth factors, signalling molecules, cell adhesion proteins, proteases, cell-cycle proteins, modulators of apoptosis and molecules that promote angiogenesis and metastasis. The main aim of this study was thus to identify a few potential or active compounds from a library of synthetically-derived compounds as possible alternative breast cancer treatment candidates.

The Sonochemistry Centre at Coventry University is one of a group of organisations working on a project to develop a new technology for producing antimicrobial textiles. This technology involves the use of an ultrasonic process (sonochemical) to generate and impregnate fabrics with antibacterial metal oxide nanoparticles. The expectation is that these textiles can be produced at an affordable price for routine use in hospitals as uniforms, curtains, hospital bed sheets and linen. The aim of this PhD project was to assess the antibacterial activity of fabrics impregnated with ZnO and CuO NPs against a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The testing was principally carried out according to the absorption method from ISO 20743:2007. Research was also extended to compare different methods of assessing antibacterial activity of textile fabrics. These included disc diffusion tests and shake flask tests in saline or nutrient broth. Overall the results from absorption tests demonstrated that both the ZnO and CuO impregnated fabrics showed very good levels of antibacterial activity (A>2) against the test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). During the optimisation of lab scale process to the pilot scale, two different types of CuO fabrics were produced to test and compare the antibacterial activity. One type of fabrics were impregnated with pre-made CuO nanoparticles by a ‘throwing the stones’ technology termed TTS and the other with sonochemically formed nanoparticles (in-situ), same as the lab process. The results indicated that the fabrics impregnated with sonochemically formed NPs displayed better antibacterial activity than the pre-made NPs. Leaching of the antibacterial agents in to saline was investigated using a shake flask method. CuO and ZnO coated fabrics prepared at laboratory scale were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli. It was found that leachates prepared by shaking the fabrics in saline for 3 hours showed no antibacterial activity for CuO fabrics. However, leachates from ZnO fabrics showed an excellent activity after 24 ± 3 hours against all three bacterial species. Flow cytometry (FC) was investigated as an alternative to standard agar plate count (PC) methods for the determination of viable cell numbers. There was a general agreement between the results from agar plate counts and flow cytometry except that post incubation counts were greater with FC. The higher numbers of viable cells detected with FC may have been due to the presence of viable but not culturable cells (VBNC). Viable cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy in post incubation samples in which no viable cells were detected on nutrient agar plates. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted on ZnO and CuO fabrics from the pilot scale (both in-situ and TTS) against human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) using a MTT assay to determine cell viability. The results showed that ZnO and CuO are not toxic to HDF cells. However, cytotoxicity was seen in HepG2 cells with cell viability decreasing by > 14% for all the fabrics after 24 hours.