The world is faced with a population explosion, and cities are becoming ever larger. The world population will grow from its present 3500 million to more than 7 000 million by the year 2 000. The majority of cities are thus faced with the problem of housing vast numbers of people living in single family dwellings forming low density urban sprawl. Conditions are no different in South Africa where the present white population of about four million is expected to grow to between six and seven million by the year 2000. The present housing requirement (1970-75) for Whites, based on low and high population projections, is 32 732 and 40 150 houses respectively. From 1995-2000 the figures will have risen to 42 742 and 65 580 respectively. At that rate sprawl here will reach alarming proportions unless it can be curtailed by higher density housing. As the population trend does not seem likely to be reversed the problem lies in how to provide housing for an escalating population but at the same time to reduce urban sprawl and provide satisfactory living conditions.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: p. 175-178. / by Joseph Gilmary Burns. / M.S.

Design of four city houses located on the busy street Koliště in Brno.

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The thesis of this project focuses on the defining of an edge of the university; thereby denoting a limit as to how far the university can extend. The wall is proposed to define that edge. The tower is a result of a visual dialogue between the wall and the light well that cuts through it. / Master of Architecture

This thesis developed from a concern to see the individual as part of a larger whole. In a wall, pieces come together to form a stronger whole; as do rooms join together to form apartments, apartments join together to form houses, houses join together to form a wall that defines the street. / Master of Architecture

Since the beginning of the 21st Century, the world has seen the rapid development of the so-called "sharing economy" or collaborative consumption (Botsman, 2010). One of the first areas affected by the shared economy is vehicle ownership. With the emergence of several new providers of mobility services, such as Uber and car2go, there has been the promise of changes to the traditional way of owning and using a vehicle (Wong, Hensher, & Mulley, 2017). One potential consequence of shared mobility services is the reduction in vehicle ownership. At the same time, cities are trying to anticipate these changes by reducing the amount of space dedicated to parking, including parking requirements for residential developments. This thesis aims to assess the extent to which new shared mobility services (specifically, carsharing, bikesharing, and ridehailing) and travel demand management strategies (especially parking requirements and transit pass availability) relate to vehicle ownership among residents of multifamily dwellings. To do this, we use a web-based survey targeted to residents of multifamily apartments from Portland, Oregon. With these data, we built a multinomial logistic of the number of the vehicles owned as a function of socio-demographics, built environment, parking supply, transit passes, and three forms of shared mobility services. Results suggest that there is a strong association between shared mobility use and car ownership. However, it is not as significant as the effects of income, household size, distance to work, transit pass ownership, or even parking availability. Carshare use was negatively associated with the number of household vehicles, suggesting that it may be a useful tool in reducing car ownership. For respondents with higher education and income levels, increased carshare use was associated with fewer cars. Ridehail use, however, was not as clearly associated with reducing vehicle ownership and the effect was much smaller than that of carsharing. Parking availability in the building also has a significant and positive association with vehicle ownership. In sites with no parking available, there is an increased chance of the household owning less than two or more vehicles. However, this effect seems to disappear with the increased use of shared mobility. For all income levels, monthly use of ridehail and carshare between two and three times may decrease the odds of owning two or more vehicles. The use of both options, relaxing parking requirements and shared mobility availability, seems the best strategy to reduce vehicle ownership. In the short term, it is an alternative to those residents that decide to get rid of one or all cars but still are not ready to give up using cars. For the long term, a new relationship with vehicle ownership can be built now for the younger generation.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos rekonstrukcijos atsiradimo priežastys, kompleksinės daugiabučių gyvenamųjų namų rekonstrukcijos problematika. Tyrimo objektas – gyvenamųjų namų ir juos supančios aplinkos rekonstrukcija. Šiuo metu gyvenamųjų namų modernizavimas vykdomas tvarkant atskirus pastatus ir pagrinde termodinaminiu požiūriu. Darbe tyrimo objektas išplečiamas iki kvartalo (mikrorajono) apibūdinant tai kompleksine rekonstrukcija. Analizuojamos pagrindinių sąvokų - renovacija, rekonstrukcija, kapitaliai renovuojamas pastatas, reikšmės. Pabrėžiami pagrindiniai kompleksinės rekonstrukcijos tyrimo ir vykdymo etapai. Aptariamos statinio statybos rūšys ir formos rekonstrukcijos vykdymui įgyvendinti. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys: įvadas, du skyriai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 60 p. teksto be priedų, 17 iliustr., 5 schemos, 2 lent., 41 bibliografinis šaltinis. / The final master’s paper deals with the reasons of the origin of reconstruction as well as with the problematics of complex reconstruction of apartment houses. Subject of the research is reconstruction of dwelling houses and surrounding environment thereof. For the time being, modernisation of dwelling houses is carried out through reconstruction of individual buildings, basically in terms of thermodynamics. In the paper, the subject of the research is evolved into a quarter (microdistrict) characterising this by complex reconstruction. The meanings of the main concepts, i.e. renovation, reconstruction, building under major renovation, are analysed. The main stages of complex reconstruction research and implementation are highlighted. Building construction types and forms for implementation of reconstruction are discussed. The paper consists of the following 5 parts: introduction, two sections, conclusions, list of references. Size of the paper contains 60 pages of text without annexes, 17 illustrations, 5 diagrams, 2 tables, 41 references.

Baigiamajame bakalauro darbe nagrinėjamos Šiaulių miesto daugiabučių namų šilumos kainų kitimo priežastys ir galimi būdai kaip jas sumažinti. Šilumos tiekimas yra viešąjį interesą atitinkanti paslauga, kuria naudojasi daugelis miesto gyventojų. Kylančios centralizuotai tiekiamos šilumos sektoriaus paslaugų kainos kelia nepasitenkinimą tarp šilumos vartotojų, kurie tų kainų svyravimus pajaučia gaudami didesnes sąskaitas už šildymą. Aptarus šilumos energijos sektoriaus ypatumus, šilumos kainą lemiančius veiksnius, nustatymo metodiką bei institucijas, reguliuojančias šilumos ūkį, buvo išnagrinėti pagrindiniai veiksniai, turintys įtakos šilumos kainų pokyčiams. Atlikta šilumos kainos struktūrinė analizė. Įvertinta Šiaulių termofikacinės elektrinės teikiama nauda gyventojams. Atliktas šilumos kainos tarifo ir alternatyvaus kuro šildymui vidutinių kainų tyrimas. Pateikta mokėjimų už šilumą analizė, nagrinėjant atskiras pastatų grupes, daugiabučių pasiskirstymą pagal bendrijas ir renovuotus bei nerenovuotus namus. Vertinant šilumos kainą lemiančius veiksnius atlikta daugialypė regresinė analizė. Išnagrinėjus teorinius ir praktinius daugiabučių namų šilumos kainų aspektus, pateikiamos baigiamojos darbo išvados ir siūlymai kaip sumažinti šilumos kainas. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, du skyriai, išvados ir rekomendacijos, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 69 p. teksto be priedų, 7 lent., 16 pav., 43 šaltiniai. / The final bachelor‘s paper deals with reasons of the heat price changes and the posibilities of reducing them in Siauliai city. The heat supply is a service of the public interest, which is used by many population of the city. The rising prices of district heating sector services, raises the dissatisfaction among users of the heat fluctuations in the consciousness of those receiving the higher heating bills. After dealing with the thermal energy sector, the heat price determinants, detection methods and institutions to regulate the heating system, the major factors affecting the heat price changes were explored. Structural analysis of the rates of heat was accomplished. The benefit for people of the thermal power plant in Siauliai was assessed. Also the heat price tariff and alternative fuel for heating medium-price test was accomplished. Presented payments for heat analysis, examining the separate groups of buildings, multi-distribution of communities and renovated houses. In assessing the determinants of the price of heat conducted multiple regression analysis. The examination of the theoretical and practical aspects of the apartment home prices, the conclusions of the work and proposals on how to reduce the heat are presented in the final work. The paper consist of the followings 6 parts: introduction, two sections, conclusions and recommendations, list of references. Amount of paper – 69 pages of text without annexes, 7 tables, 16 illustrations, 43 sources.