This diploma thesis describes Rapid Prototyping methods. It introduces their overview, principles, advantages and disadvantages. This project also deals with aplication and comparison of modifications of samples made by Fused Deposition Modeling. Findings from tests of mechanical features (pulling test and bending test) are used for comparison.

The objective of this master‘s thesis is to develop an ISP application for service monitoring and management. A fully functioning monitoring software has been developed, which allows the administrator to check the round-trip time and the packet loss in the entire network. Another function of the application is obtaining information from network devices by the SNMP protocol (e.g. packet and byte count etc.). The software uses the information to create hour, day, week or year graphs. All graphs and statistics are visualised at the administration webpages. For the purpose of client administration, a clients database has been developed. This part of the application contains functions of payment administration, IP addresses, contacts etc. Both parts of the web pages have been developed using PHP and AJAX, which makes the application similar to standard desktop applications. The testing application has been developed using Python and the entire application has been designed for modules, which can be later used for the development of other functions.

La décision conditionnelle constitue un objet délaissé de la recherche en droit administratif français. Injustement perçue comme une affaire privée de spécialistes du droit des actes administratifs unilatéraux, elle n’occupe les écrits des publicistes que dans la mesure où la réalisation de la condition porte atteinte à la garantie des droits acquis. Cette réserve explique pour partie la faible contribution de la doctrine à la construction d’une définition de la décision conditionnelle, autonome du droit civil des obligations, et les difficultés corrélatives à déterminer les contours de cette notion mal identifiée. Pourtant, les orientations prises par le juge administratif et, dernièrement, par le codificateur, rendent nécessaire la recherche d’une définition clarifiée de la décision conditionnelle en droit administratif français. Depuis longtemps, le juge administratif range la décision conditionnelle dans la catégorie des actes administratifs unilatéraux et met en œuvre les principes qui les gouvernent. Or, de son côté, la doctrine ne parvient pas à l’intégrer pleinement dans la catégorie de l’acte unilatéral ou du contrat.Le visage inhabituel qu’elle présente, aux yeux des juristes, force la réévaluation des classifications traditionnelles.La doctrine malmène ses catégories binaires, dans le but de souligner la particularité de cette décision unilatérale qui ressemble à s’y méprendre au contrat. Il en résulte une contradiction inévitable entre la présentation doctrinale de la décision conditionnelle et les données du droit positif. Pour la dénouer, il apparaît nécessaire de renouveler l’appareil théorique jusqu’alors mobilisé. En prenant appui sur les données pertinentes du droit positif, il a été possible de définir la condition comme une norme juridique à part entière, à la fois dépendante et distincte des autres dispositions de la décision, et dont la fonction se limite à moduler les effets dans le temps de la norme principale qu’elle prend pour objet. À travers ces éléments de définition, transparaît un régime juridique cohérent et unifié / Conditional decisions remain much overlooked in the legal scholarship on French administrative law. Wrongfully considered as the exclusive province of the specialist on unilateral administrative acts, conditional decisions have received the attention of public lawyers only in so far as they come to present a risk for the protection of aquired rights. This goes some way to explaining both the scarcity of doctrinal contributions to a definition of the concept of a conditional decision – autonomous from the paradigm of the obligations in French civil law –, and the difficulties encountered in trying to bring some clarity to the subject by attempting to determine precisely the boundaries of the notion. Nevertheless, recent turns taken by the administrative courts, and more recently by codifiers, do call for a clear and consistent definition. The case law has for long considered these legal acts as unilateral acts, thus subjecting conditional decisions to the corresponding legal principles. Despite this, the legal scholarship on the question has never managed to fully integrate conditional decisions in either branch of the main binary subdivision – contracts and unilateral acts –, ill-using both in order to stress the highly unusual character of the notion (for instance underlining the peculiar relevance of an analysis of this unilateral decision in contractual terms). This unusual object therefore forces us to reevaluate our traditional classifications, which otherwise systematically result in a severe inconsistency between substantive law and its doctrinal exposition. In order to do so, the theoretical tools and approaches used up to now must be renewed. This doctoral dissertation aims to reconcile the positive law and its doctrinal exposition, thus proposing a clear definition of the condition itself as a legal norm in its own right – both dependant on, and distinct from, the other provisions of the decision it is attached to – the function of which is to modulate the effects over time of the main decision. These proposed elements of definition come to reveal a unified and coherent legal status of the conditional decision in administrative law.

The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are self-organized systems made by nodes that communicate each other changing information and giving support in many fields. But, these networks have some limitations because the lack of resources, especially power supply. This limitation it is because, in general, the sensors have limited power supply on their battery and there is no possibility of reload this energy. But to garantee its purpose the WSN should have effective communication. The choice of a wrong routing protocol on a WSN can lead to a bad use of network resources, which leads to a less time of live and/or reducing the quality of data transmitted. Among the existing routing protocols in the literature, highlight the Leach. In this work, we performed the modeling and analysis of Leach routing protocol using Petri Nets. Simulations were performed with the NS for its validation. To analyze the performance metrics are studied as: energy savings of each node, lifetime and throughput. From the analysis of the results was possible to propose improvements to the protocol, resulting in the implementation of a new routing protocol for WSN, Leach Lua. The results showed that the Leach Lua is able to provide improvements in the metrics studied when applied in scenarios that include the use of WSNs for monitoring of fires, oil fields and vital signs of medical patients. / As Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) são sistemas auto-organizáveis formadas por nós sensores que comunicam-se entre si trocando informações e auxiliando as mais diversas áreas. Porém, essas redes possuem grandes limitações devido à escassez de recursos, principalmente energético. Essa limitação se deve ao fato de que, em geral, os sensores possuem baterias limitadas e não há possibilidade de recarga de energia. Porém, para garantia de sua empregabilidade as RSSF devem possuir uma comunicação não somente e?caz, mas também e?ciente. Para alcançar uma comunicação e?ciente é necessário o uso de protocolos que priorizem as limitações enfrentadas por uma RSSF. A escolha equivocada de protocolos de roteamento em RSSF pode levar a uma utilização inadequada dos recursos da rede, acarretando a diminuição do seu tempo de vida e/ou diminuindo a qualidade dos dados capturados. Para o presente trabalho foi selecionado o protocolo de roteamento Leach (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), para realizar através das Redes de Petri uma análise de desempenho dos componentes e fases existentes nele e posterior aplicação de melhorias. Para realizar a análise de desempenho, são estudadas métricas como: economia de energia de cada nó, tempo de vida da rede, atraso médio na entrega de pacotes, e escalabilidade. A partir do exame dessas métricas em cada uma das fases presentes no protocolo Leach, são propostas melhorias no protocolo e analisada sua empregabilidade.

This thesis deals with the issue of attendance recording. The aim of the thesis was to design a solution and then create a hardware terminal for the electronic attendance system. The whole system is based on the latest web technologies using the Raspberry Pi hardware, for the client terminal. Future use of the device is possible for both home and commercial use. The whole system was distributed globaly as Open Source project. The result of thesis is a physical prototype of a client terminal, based on the Raspberry Pi platform, Electron based application for terminal and a web application communicating with the server solution.

This thesis deals with the design of LED matrix array contains 150 LEDs. In the first part, the thesis identifies source of light like OLED and LED and provide an overview of their lifetime, reliability and basic principle of design systems with LEDs. The thesis then describe design of LED matrix array, deals with power supply of this LED array and with cooling of LED. Finally the thesis describes a software for contol of LED matrix array.

The content management system with unique graphics environment and characteristic of cloud computing operating systems is major subject of this thesis. The core of the system consist of: - PHP code on the server side - JavaScrip with data asynchronous transmission (AJAX technology) on the client side. MySQL database is used for saving data and system’s setting. The core of the system is able to create and manage any number of user’s window and also handle synchronization of data between client and server. System is programmed modulary – system is able to expand by modules. System contains several frequently used modules as: user manager, content manager, events, photogallery, contests, etc. To create new modules quickly and easily are prepared some classes which can manage and generate basic system’s objects. Translation of system to any language is possible because of the text part loading from a language file.

The thesis is focused on Regulations requierements, on the whole certification process and on requirements of the Civil Aviation Authority on sailplane HpH 304 Sm with auxiliary engine Binder for start. The separate parts and the certification procedure in the whole are described. Main part of the thesis consists of check flight and suggestion of programme of check flight. Due to the fact that certification is an extensive process, this thesis tries to describe all important aspects of certification process, so it would create a view of plane certification process.

This master's thesis deals with the problem of real-time rendering of computer graphics using the method of frameless rendering} as counterpart to the traditional way, which is based on switching between two output buffers. Frameless rendering method is defined and studied in greater depth and its adaptive variant, which delivers better output quality without a~significant reduction of latency, is described in detail. In addition, this thesis describes the implementation of the application which has been developed to demonstrate the principle and functionality of the frameless rendering on the selected scenes. It also includes evaluation of performed tests focused to the output quality.

As Redes Ad Hoc Veiculares (Veicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)) são redes móveis que possuem como propósito a comunicação entre veículos para fornecer segurança e entretenimento a seus ocupantes. A comunicação pode ocorrer de três modos: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) e híbrida (V2V e V2I ao mesmo tempo). As redes V2I e híbridas apresentam elevados custos de construção e manutenção, pois necessitam ser estabelecidas em locais que possuam infraestrutura fixa, o que as tornam impraticáveis na maioria das vezes. As redes V2V, por sua vez, apresentam baixos custos de construção, pois podem ser estabeleci- ˜ das em qualquer ambiente urbano, entretanto dependem do fluxo de veículos nestes ambientes para manter a conectividade e o bom desempenho. Em ambientes urbanos existem basicamente veículos particulares, veículos de transporte pesado, e veículos de transporte coletivo (ônibus). Entre estes, os veículos de transporte coletivo apresentam um comportamento de trafego diferenciado em relação aos demais veículos. Em particular, na cidade de Curitiba, os ônibus pertencentes as linhas expressas trafegam por canaletas exclusivas, segundo um escalonamento ` relativamente regular, em um trajeto linear praticamente sem obstáculos. Estas características sugerem que um sistema que faz uso destes ônibus para a criação de uma infraestrutura de comunicação apresentará um desempenho superior quando comparado a um sistema que não faz distinção entre veículos. Assim sendo, este trabalho propõe a utilização dos ônibus do transporte coletivo urbano para formar uma rede de transporte de dados (backbone) ad hoc móvel (BMVA), a qual irá prover conectividade e aumentar o desempenho da rede sem utilizar infraestrutura fixa. Novos protocolos de roteamento capazes de explorar a conectividade intrínseca fornecida pelo BMVA também são propostos. Estes protocolos foram desenvolvidos tomando-se por base os protocolos AODV, AOMDV e DSDV. Análises estatísticas com dados reais, bem como experimentos de simulação, comprovam que o BMVA e os novos protocolos podem criar uma infraestrutura de comunicação móvel e promover o aumento de métricas de desempenho, como a taxa de entrega e a vazão dos pacotes de dados. / Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are mobile networks which have as a purpose the communication between vehicles in order to provide safety and entertainment to their users. The communication may occur in three ways: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and hybrid (V2V and V2I at the same time). V2I and hybrid networks have, usually, high costs of implementation and maintenance, for they need to be implemented in places with a fixed infrastructure, which will be impracticable most of the times. V2V networks, on the other hand, have low cost of implementation, for they may be implemented in any urban nvironment. However, V2V networks would depend on the vehicles flow in order to keep connectivity and a good performance. In urban environments there are basically private vehicles, cargo vehicles and public transport vehicles (buses). Of these, the public transport vehicles present a distinct behavior in regard to other vehicles. Specifically, in the city of Curitiba, the buses from express lines travel in exclusive lanes, following a relatively regular schedule, in a linear route with practically no obstacles. These characteristics suggest that a system using those buses for the deployment of a communication infrastructure would present a superior performance if compared to a system which makes no distinction between vehicles. Thus, this work proposes the utilization of public transport urban buses for the implementation of an mobile backbone (BMVA), which will provide connectivity and improve the network performance without using a fixed infrastructure. New routing protocols, capable of exploring the intrinsic connectivity provided by BMVA are also proposed. These protocols were developed from AODV, AOMDV and DSDV protocols. Statistical analyses with real data and simulation experiments, confirm that BMVA and the new protocols can create a mobile communication infrastructure and increase the performance metrics such as delivery rate and throughput.