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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Computer tomography (CT) is commonly used to evaluate suspected acute appendicitis; however, ionizing radiation limits its use in children. This study assesses 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an imaging modality in the evaluation of suspected acute appendicitis in the pediatric population. This study is a retrospective review of prospectively‐collected data from 155 pediatric subjects who underwent MRI and 197 pediatric subjects who underwent CT for suspected acute appendicitis. Sensitivity, specificity, appendix visualization rate, positive appendicitis rate, and alternative diagnosis rate are determined. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI are 100% and 98%, 99% and 97% for CT (p = 0.61 and 0.53), respectively. Appendix visualization rate is 77% for MRI, 90% for CT (p = 0.0002), positive appendicitis rate is 25% for MRI, 34% for CT (p = 0.175), and alternative diagnosis rate is 3% for MRI, 3% for CT (p = 0.175). This study supports 3T MRI as a comparable modality to CT in the evaluation of suspected acute appendicitis in the pediatric population. Although MRI visualizes the appendix at a lower rate than CT, our protocol maintains 100% sensitivity with no false negatives. Our appendix visualization rate with 3T MRI (77%) is an improvement from published data from both 1.5T and 3T MRI systems. The exam time differential is clinically insignificant and use of MRI spares the patient the ionizing radiation and intravenous contrast of CT.

No description available.

Orientador: Patricia Prata / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T23:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polastri_BarbaraElisa_M.pdf: 5183006 bytes, checksum: 70d88a91076292ffaff7072446b16e07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como principal objeto de estudo o poema latino intitulado Culex ("O Mosquito"), que faz parte da Appendix Vergiliana ("Apêndice Virgiliano"), conjunto de textos que foi transmitido junto com as obras de Virgílio. No primeiro capítulo, após uma breve apresentação da Appendix, discute-se a recepção, a autoria e a datação do poema em questão, e, com base na teoria intertextual nos Estudos Clássicos, procura-se refletir sobre como a autoria influencia a leitura e a análise do Culex. Discute-se, ainda, o gênero do poema ¿ o epílio ¿ e analisa-se em detalhes sua estrutura e matéria, em que é marcante a mistura de gêneros, o caráter paródico e o diálogo com as Bucólicas, Geórgicas e Eneida. O segundo capítulo consiste em uma tradução (ainda inédita em língua portuguesa) amplamente anotada do poema, acompanhada do texto latino. E, por fim, o terceiro capítulo é composto por análises ¿ embasadas na teoria intertextual ¿ de alguns trechos do Culex e das três obras canônicas de Virgílio / Abstract: This dissertation has as the main object of study the latin poem entitled Culex ("The Mosquito"), which is part of the Appendix Vergiliana ("Virgilian Appendix"), a collection of texts transmitted together with Virgil¿s masterpieces. On the first chapter of this study, after a brief presentation of the Appendix, a discussion about the reception, the authorship and the date of the concerning poem is presented, and, based on the Classical Studies intertextual theory, it is attempted to reflect about in which degree the authorship influences on the Culex reading and analysis. It is also discussed the poem¿s genre ¿ the epyllion ¿ and it is presented a detailed review of its structure and subject, in which is remarkable the genre miscellany, the parodic character and the dialogue with the Eclogues, Georgics and Aeneid. The second chapter consists of a broadly annotated translation of the poem (up to now inedited in Portuguese), followed by the Latin text. At last, the third chapter is composed by some analysis ¿ based on the intertextual theory ¿ of some passages of the Culex and of the three Virgil¿s canonical works / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

<p>Humans’ hunting for ivory has had a serious impact of the African elephant population. Ivory has throughout history been a symbol of manhood and status. As the market of ivory expanded to the rest of the world, the market demand for ivory became higher than what the elephants could manage to provide. In the 1980’s, the African elephant population was threatened by extension and it was reduced with 50 percent in ten years. For this reason, CITES placed the African elephant population under a ban, which made it an illegal act to trade ivory and other elephant parts.</p>

1 v., various pagings + 1 computer disk, 4 3/4 in. Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of the Witwatersrand, 2004. / AC 2018

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting primarily from loss of dopaminergic innervation in the striatum subsequent to cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The abnormal accumulation of the normal pre-synaptic protein α-synuclein (αsyn) forms intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy neurites and Lewy bodies. The origins of central Lewy pathology have been suggested to lie in the enteric nervous system, ascending through the vagus nerve to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. To ascertain gastrointestinal regions most likely to be the source of central Lewy pathology, αsyn expression was evaluated in the neural elements of gastrointestinal regions receiving the densest vagal innervation. The vermiform appendix was found to have the densest αsyn-immunoreactive innervation in all layers of the gut wall. In addition, macrophages in the appendiceal mucosa were laden with αsyn within lysosomes, consistent with attempts to prevent the spread of disease or to correct synaptic dysfunction.

The examination of the final chapters of the books of Samuel offered here proceeds initially from an unease about the frequent pejorative appraisal of them as an unsuitable, late addition that is out of place in its context. Taking a cue from the recent interest in initial and concluding texts in the context of literary and "Canonical" methods, the work attempts to describe this text complex, with its six chiastically arranged units, in terms of its literary function as a concluding text in relation to the rest of the preceding book. Following remarks of W. Brueggemann and J. Flanagan, the ring structure is further compared with other groups of texts in the Samuel corpus. The specific, overarching macrostructure which is thus perceived is structured not according to linear-chronological principles but according to patterns of parallelism and chiasmus. This observation of a concept of order that is distinct from modem western convention is understood, following Emma Brunner-Traut, as deriving from an "aspectival" perception of reality. By means of this kind of reading, many inner relationships open up, binding the closing chapters to the other parts of the book in such a way that it is shown to be a unified literary work. The two poetic texts are shown to stand in a complex relationship with the four other songs of the books of Samuel. The allusion to the prophet Gad belongs in a series of six encounters between David and prophets, arranged as a set of three pairs. The two lists of soldiers are interpreted by analogy with the double lists of the sons and ministers of David. The final contrast, in the closing chapter, between the two kings, Saul and David, and the polarity - expressed in the tension between centre and periphery - between rule of Yahweh and sin of the kings, both mirror and finally draw together the main themes of the book. These relationships suggest that the appraisal of the closing chapters as a late addition is in need of revision. It will be argued that they should be interpreted in close connection with the rest of the book.

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting primarily from loss of dopaminergic innervation in the striatum subsequent to cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The abnormal accumulation of the normal pre-synaptic protein α-synuclein (αsyn) forms intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy neurites and Lewy bodies. The origins of central Lewy pathology have been suggested to lie in the enteric nervous system, ascending through the vagus nerve to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. To ascertain gastrointestinal regions most likely to be the source of central Lewy pathology, αsyn expression was evaluated in the neural elements of gastrointestinal regions receiving the densest vagal innervation. The vermiform appendix was found to have the densest αsyn-immunoreactive innervation in all layers of the gut wall. In addition, macrophages in the appendiceal mucosa were laden with αsyn within lysosomes, consistent with attempts to prevent the spread of disease or to correct synaptic dysfunction.

Abstract Purpose: The oral microbiome has been related to numerous extra oral diseases. Recent studies detected a high abundance of oral bacteria in inflamed appendices in pediatric patients. To elucidate the role of oral bacteria in acute pediatric appendicitis, we studied the oral and appendiceal microbiome of affected children compared to healthy controls. Methods: Between 1-6/2015, 21 children undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis and 28 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled in the study. All individuals underwent thorough dental examination as well as laboratory for CRP, neutrophil and leukocyte count. Samples of inflamed appendices and the gingival sulcus were taken for 16S rDNA sequencing. Additionally, RT-qPCR of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Eikenella corrodens was performed and their viability was tested under acidic conditions to mimic gastric transfer. Results: In appendices, Bacteriodetes and Porphyromonas were discovered as dominant phylum and genus. In sulcus samples, Firmicutes and Streptococcus were detected predominantly. Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Eikenella corrodens and Fusobacterium nucleatum were identified in each sample group. In contrast to controls, viable amounts of Peptostreptococcus stomatis were increased in appendices and correlated with leukocyte count and CRP levels. Postprandial viability could be demonstrated for all tested bacteria. Conclusion: In children with acute appendicitis, we identified several oral bacterial pathogens. Based on postprandial viability of selected species, a viable migration from the oral cavity through the stomach to the appendix seems possible. Thus, the oral cavity could be a relevant reservoir for acute appendicitis.