The focus of this thesis is to analyse the most questionable and presently very discussed points at isme of the arbitration in the Czech Republic. The subject of this thesis is rather extensive, therefore not all aspects of the arbitral proceedings can be concerned. There has been a substantial advancement in arbitration, since Act No. 216/1994 Coll., On Arbitral Proceedings and On Execution of Arbitral Awards took effect. In this thesis I focused on the czech legal framework of arbitration, its imperfections and influence of judicature of the European Court of Justice on the interpretation of the czech law. Pursuant to the questionable facts mentioned above, and under the influence of the judicature of the European Court of Justice and czech court's judicature, the Arbitration Act should be amend. There should be changes especially at the articles concerning arbitrator, arbitration at consumer disputes, and the arbitration contract requirements. The arbitration is means of final and binding dispute rosolution which provides a suitable alternative for the judicial trial, especially at commercial disputes between undertakers - professionals.

La thèse a pour objet de traiter la rencontre entre l’arbitrage et les procédures collectives. Elle s’ordonne autour d’un triple constat. Dans un premier temps, marquée par un fort impérialisme, des considérations d’ordre public, l’ouverture d’une procédure collective n’est pas sans incidence sur les instances arbitrales en cours et sur les instances arbitrales qui n’ont pas encore débuté. L’ordre public des procédures collectives a un impact tant sur le déroulement de l’instance arbitrale que sur l’issue de la sentence arbitrale. Ensuite, l’arbitrage marqué à l’opposé par la volonté des parties, la liberté contractuelle, survit en dépit de l’ouverture d’une procédure collective. En effet, l’ordre public des procédures ne suffit pas à exclure l’arbitrage. La compétence de l’arbitre est maintenue pour tous les litiges qui ne sont pas nés de la procédure collective et sur lesquels celle-ci n’exerce pas une influence juridique. Enfin, persiste lors de la rencontre entre l’arbitrage et les procédures collectives, un contentieux post-arbitral. / The purpose of the thesis is to deal with the meeting between arbitration and collective proceedings. It is organized around a triple statement. At first, marked by a strong imperialism, considerations of public order, the opening of a collective procedure is not without incidence on the arbitration bodies in course and on the arbitration bodies which have not yet started . The public order of collective proceedings has an impact both on the conduct of the arbitral proceedings and on the outcome of the arbitral award.Secondly, arbitration, which is marked by the will of the parties, contractual freedom, survives despite the opening of a collective proceeding. Indeed, the public order of the collective proceedings is not sufficient to exclude arbitration. The arbitrator's jurisdiction is upheld for all disputes that are not born of the collective proceeding and over which the latter has no legal influence. Lastly, persists during the meeting between arbitration and collective proceeding, a post-arbitration litigation.

The thesis deals with the area of questions regarding the law and practice of arbitration in the USA and the Czech Republic. The author aims to reflect the most significant differences between both legal systems that lead to the fundamentally different approaches to the arbitration in both countries. The paper is divided in seven chapters. The first two chapters describe the principles and law of arbitration both in the USA and Czech Republic. Third chapter deals with the problem of arbitrability of the dispute. The arbitration agreements and their essentials are considered in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter has been dedicated to the arbitration proceedings and its particular stages with the aim to provide the reader with the complex overview of the course of the dispute. In the sixth chapter, the author analyzes revision, vacation and enforcement of the arbitral awards, whereas chapter seven is dedicated to the special issues such as interim measures, the application of the res iudicata principle, waiver of right to arbitrate and arbitrability of disputes arising of employment and consumer contracts.

Case law influence on Czech national and international arbitration Proceedings Abstract Arbitration proceedings represent, besides civil judicial procedures, one of the methods for solution of material disputes in private-law relations. Arbitration proceedings have been used for quite a long time. In our territory they were used already under the rule of Charles IV. For example, Jakub Krčín and Štěpánek Netolický, who were well-known artificial lake engineers, belonged among highly appreciated arbitrators. Significant development of arbitration proceedings was registered after 1949, when the Steady Arbitration Court was established at the Czechoslovak Chamber of Commerce in May 1949 and exists up to now under the name "Arbitration Court attached to the Czech Chamber of Commerce and the Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic". Legal regulation of arbitration proceedings was undergoing various changes. A principal change occurred in 1964, when the Act no. 98/1963 Coll., on arbitration proceedings in international trade and on enforcement of arbitration awards entered into force, admitting arbitration proceedings only in international trade relations and only for legal entities, at that time foreign trade enterprises. Another principal change then occurred as at 1 January 2015, the effective date of the...

O propósito da presente dissertação é avaliar as características dos sistemas arbitrais internos de cada um dos países do MERCOSUL, verificando-se a compatibilidade da arbitragem, como procedimento alternativo e jurisdicional de solução de controvérsias, com as disputas oriundas de desinteligências relativas aos contratos celebrados entre agentes privados e entes da Administração Pública. Para tanto, projetamos sobre os demais ordenamentos estrangeiros as condicionantes da ordem jurídica brasileira, com o fim de compará-los quanto a questões de arbitrabilidade e consequências do emprego de cláusulas arbitrais em contratos dessa natureza. / The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the characteristics of each MERCOSURs Member Estates internal arbitral systems, so as to verify the compatibility of the arbitration, as a jurisdictional and alternative dispute resolution procedure, with the disputes derived from deviations related to agreements executed by private parties and the Public Administration. For such a matter, we start from the perspective of the Brazilian Law, projecting its conditions into the foreign legal systems, with the scope of comparing them all with regards to subjects of arbitrability as well as to consequences of employing arbitral clauses in contracts of such nature.

Les deux disciplines juridiques, l'arbitrage et la fiscalité, sont traditionnellement considérées comme distinctes, et s'excluent l'une et l'autre.D’un côté, la souveraineté fiscale est primordiale pour l’Etat. De l’autre côté, l’arbitre, étant un juge privé, a toujours été soupçonné, à tort ou à raison, de ne pas être assez sensible à l’intérêt public. Cependant, les développements observés sur les dernières décennies ont prouvé que cette incompatibilité entre les deux disciplines n’était pas ou plus le cas.En effet, avec la mondialisation économique, l’enjeu de l’Etat n’est plus comment taxer ses contribuables mais comment les conserver voire attirer ceux des autres Etats sur son territoire. Dans ce contexte, ils deviennent plus souples quant au règlement des litiges impliquant des questions fiscales. L’arbitrage de ces litiges est donc devenu une réalité en pratique. Cependant, en examinant le droit et la jurisprudence en cette matière, nous constatons que l’arbitrage n’est pas apte à résoudre tous litiges fiscaux, notamment en considérant les intérêts des contribuables. L’arbitrage des contentieux purement fiscaux en droit interne s’est avéré être un échec. Une forme dérivée de l’arbitrage, appelée l’arbitrage de la dernière offre, semble être plus appropriée pour résoudre les litiges concernant la double imposition. Toutefois, en droit de l’investissement international, où la jurisprudence arbitrale en matière fiscale s’est considérablement développée depuis une vingtaine années, nous constatant que l’arbitrage est un mode idéal pour résoudre des litiges fiscaux liés à ce domaine car les arbitres ont su trouver un équilibre entre la protection de la souveraineté fiscale de l’Etat d’accueil et la protection des contribuables –investisseurs étrangers. / The two disciplines, arbitration and taxation, are traditionally considered to be distinct, and exclude one another. On the one hand, tax sovereignty is vital for the state. On the other hand, arbitrator, being a private judge, has always been suspected, rightly or wrongly, of not being sufficiently sensitive to the public interest. However, the developments observed over the last decades have shown that this incompatibility between the two disciplines was not or is no longer the case. Indeed, with economic globalization, the challenge of the state is no longer how to tax its taxpayers but how to keep them in or even to attract those of other states to its territory. In this context, states become more flexible in resolving disputes involving tax issues. Arbitration of these disputes has thus become a reality in practice. However, in reviewing the law and the jurisprudence, we find that arbitration is not suitable for resolving all kinds of tax disputes, especially considering the interests of taxpayers. Arbitration of tax disputes in domestic law has been proved to be a failure. A form derived from arbitration, called baseball arbitration, appears to be more appropriate for resolving double taxation disputes. However, in international investment law, where the jurisprudence in tax matters has developed considerably over the past twenty years, we find that arbitration is an ideal way to resolve tax disputes related to this area, because arbitrators, in their practice, have found a balance between the protection of the host State's tax sovereignty and the protection of taxpayers-foreign investors

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T18:36:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo.pdf: 1105834 bytes, checksum: eb270a665e8c0bb1552cc45d13fddabd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:12:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo.pdf: 1105834 bytes, checksum: eb270a665e8c0bb1552cc45d13fddabd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardo.pdf: 1105834 bytes, checksum: eb270a665e8c0bb1552cc45d13fddabd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a viabilidade da utilização da arbitragem na prestação da tutela ressarcitória do dano ambiental. Em uma primeira aproximação destaca-se as vantagens da utilização da arbitragem frente às características do dano ambiental. A celeridade se relaciona com a irreversibilidade do dano ambiental; a especialização com o caráter sinérgico; a ausência de vinculação a uma jurisdição específica com as particularidades do dano transfronteiriço. Em seguida faz-se uma imersão no conteúdo do direito ambiental no intuito de identificar os bens ambientais protegidos por Lei. O macrobem o microbem e os bens ambientais conexos passam a ser objeto de análise. A seguir busca-se precisar o sistema de arbitrabilidade a partir de uma análise crítica dos critérios de acesso à arbitragem espalhados nas mais diversas legislações do mundo. Faz-se uma incursão específica na legislação alemã e na legislação do direito societário na Itália. Ainda nessa linha investiga-se como saíram da sombra da inarbitrabilidade as matérias trabalhista tributária concorrencial propriedade intelectual e administrativa. Finalmente relaciona-se o conteúdo do direito ambiental identificado com os critérios de arbitrabilidade vigentes na legislação brasileira concluindo-se quais conflitos ambientais podem ser levados à apreciação dos tribunais arbitrais. / Salvador

New trends in international commercial arbitration The subject of this diploma thesis is the international commercial arbitration as a dynamicallydeveloping field and more specificallyselected segments of the development of this field. Due to the great popularity ofsolvinginternationalcommercialdisputestheotherwaythanincivillitigationinternationalcommercial arbitration is a very important and growing field. International commercial arbitration is pushed continuallytobeimprovedtobeabletoprovideaquick,qualifiedandfairsolution.Sincethereis changed competencefrom courttoarbitratoritis alsoveryimportant forstates toensurethat arbitrationawards that haveariseninthearbitrationprocedurerespectpublicorderandthattheprocedure keepscertainstandards of the process. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical definition of international commercial arbitration, the distinctions between arbitration and civil litigation and ADR methods. There are also named theoretical concepts of arbitration such as contractual theory, jurisdictional theory, hybrid and autonomous theory with representatives of each one. The second section describes the development of the international arbitration and covers all important sources of law of international arbitration. Since there are...

En matière de propriété industrielle, alors que le contentieux relatif à l'exploitation contractuelle et à la contrefaçon est arbitrable de longue date, l'annulation des titres échappait à la compétence arbitrale. Cela donnait prise à des procédés dilatoires puisqu'une simple exception de nullité pouvait bloquer la procédure arbitrale. Un arrêt récent de la Cour d'appel de Paris a étendu la compétence arbitrale : désormais, le tribunal arbitral peut statuer inter partes sur une exception de nullité relative à un titre de propriété industrielle. Cette solution, bien qu'utile pour garantir l'efficacité de l'arbitrage, n'est pas exempte de critiques. Notamment, elle n'est pas conforme à la nature des droits de propriété industrielle qui sont efficaces à l'égard de tous et elle n'empêche pas le risque des décisions contradictoires et de titres « boiteux ». La présente thèse explore donc la possibilité de reconnaître aux arbitres compétence pour décider erga omnes sur la validité des titres de propriété industrielle. Plusieurs raisons ont été avancées pour fonder l'inarbitrabilité de la demande d'annulation de ces titres. En particulier, on considère généralement qu'une sentence arbitrale ne peut pas produire l'effet absolu attaché à une décision d'annulation. Cependant, les sentences arbitrales sont opposables aux tiers et un prétendu effet inter partes de la sentence ne peut pas justifier l'inarbitrabilité de la demande d'annulation. La raison profonde de l'inarbitrabilité actuelle, en droit français, réside dans la nature inter partes de la justice arbitrale internationale, qui ne prévoit pas de protection procédurale au profit des tiers intéressés par le sort du titre. Le domaine arbitrable pourrait donc être élargi à condition de garantir l'effet erga omnes de la sentence par la publicité de celle-ci et et de le contrebalancer par une tierce opposition limitée, moderne et adaptée à l'arbitrage international. Cette solution, si elle était acceptée par les droits nationaux, modifierait les conditions de l'examen de l'arbitrabilité, par le tribunal arbitral et par le juge étatique. / While the arbitrability of contractual and infringement disputes in the field of industrial property has been the norm for many years, validity disputes remained outside of the arbitral jurisdiction. This resulted in some delaying tactics since a simple nullity exception may block arbitral proceedings. In 2008 the Paris Court of Appeal extended the arbitral jurisdiction: henceforth, an arbitral tribunal may rule inter partes regarding the nullity exception on an industrial property title. This solution, protecting the efficiency of arbitration, remains questionable. In particular, it does not respect the nature of industrial property rights having an effect against all, and it does not prevent the risk of contradictory rulings and the inconsistent enforcement of industrial property rights. This study examines whether an arbitral tribunal shall have jurisdiction to rule on the validity of industrial property titles with an effect against all. Many reasons have been put forth to establish the inarbitrability of these disputes. In particular, an arbitral award shall not generate the erga omnes effect attached to a decision of nullity. However, arbitral awards are “opposable” against third parties and the so-called inter partes effect of awards shall not justify the inarbitrability of nullity disputes. The essential reason of inarbitrability in French law is, therefore, the inter partes nature of international arbitral justice, which does not provide a protection mechanism for interested third parties. The arbitral jurisdiction may be extended provided that awards have an erga omnes effect by way of publication, and that this effect is counterbalanced with a limited and modern tierce opposition procedure adapted to international arbitration. This solution, if accepted by national laws, would revise the conditions under which arbitral tribunals and national courts determine arbitrability.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT Objective arbitrability as a limit of the transnational legal order In general, the disertation deals with a topic of interaction between the transnational and national law in the area of international trade. Specifically, it attempts to use the concept of objective arbitrability as a limit of the privately-created system of law referred to as lex mercatoria (alternatively "new lex mercatoria"). The reason for the chosen methodology is to come up with the most objective criterion to demark the scope of the application of privately created norms. Despite the wide recognition of the NLM fenomenon among the scholars and even arbitrators, the parties of international trade contracts can not be certain whether (and to what extent) the choice of NLM will be limitating, especially in the face of later recognition and enforcement of their arbital awards. The findings of this dissertation flows from the analysis of transnational norms, decisions of both state courts and arbitration tribunals and the relevant sources of law-theory. Especially important is the description of the concept of lex mercatoria as such and the description of order public, both in national and international/european meaning as it represents the final limit of application of privately-created norms. The conclusion of the...