Német, K., Web application displaying data flows between objects on generated online map. Brno: Mendel University, 2019. This diploma thesis is about creation of a map interactive presentation in the form of web applications for data visualization on the map. The application is created for academical purposes, especially for future research of visualization on the map. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts and technologies used in map applications and description of used technologies and technical tools used during implementation. The practical part describes application design, data storage and application testing. At the end of this thesis is discussed, possible application extension and application applicability in practice.

No description available.

Jamaica, the third largest island in the Caribbean, has been affected significantly by flooding and flood-related damage. Hence assessing the probability of flooding and susceptibility of a place to flood hazard has become a vital part of planning and development. In addition to heavy rainfall from tropical storms and Atlantic hurricanes, several terrestrial factors play significant roles in flooding, including local geology, geomorphology, hydrology and land-use. In this study, a GIS-based multi-criteria statistical methodology was developed to quantify hazard potential and to map flood characteristics. Fourteen factors potentially responsible for flooding were identified and used as initial input in a hybrid model that combined principal component analysis with logistic regression and frequency distribution analysis. Of these factors, seven explained 65 % of the variation in the data: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, flow accumulation, a topographic wetness index, proximity to a stream network, and hydro-stratigraphic units. These were used to prepare the island’s first map of flood hazard potential. Hazard potential was classified from very low to very high, nearly one-fifth (19.4 %) of the island was included within high or very high flood hazard zones. Further analysis revealed that areas prone to flooding are often low-lying and flat, or have shallow north- or northwest-facing slopes, are in close proximity to the stream network, and are situated on underlying impermeable lithology. The multi-criteria hybrid approach developed could classify 86.8 % of flood events correctly and produced a satisfactory validation result based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The statistical method can be easily repeated and refined upon the availability of additional or higher quality data such as a high resolution digital elevation model. Additionally, the approach used in this study can be adopted to evaluate flood hazard in countries with similar characteristics, landscapes and climatic conditions, such as other Caribbean or Pacific Small Island Developing States.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of vulnerability of land to water erosion in the sub-basin of the river Bystřice with the hydrological order number 4-15-01-0402-0-00. The work contains research dealing with soil erosion and erosion protection. Part of the thesis describes the basin of interest on the basis of a site survey and available literature. The principle of erosion risk evaluation is calculation of the universal USLE Wischmeier-Smith equation factors and the determination of the average long-term loss of soil caused by water erosion. Partial analyzes are performed using GIS tools and LS converter 1.0 and Usle2D programs. Appropriate anti-erosion measures are proposed if necessary. The measures are based on the results of the evaluation corresponding to the conditions and possibilities of the area of interest. Part of the thesis contains mapping documentation created by the ArcGIS program.

The goal of this study is to develop a model using GIS to estimate the source and quantity of accumulated sediment in the Emory & Henry College (EHC) duck pond.  Located in the Highlands of Southwest Virginia, the 1,194 acre duck pond watershed consists primarily of agricultural, forested, and low density urban land uses. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Sediment Distributed Delivery (SEDD) prediction models were used to determine the quantity of eroded sediment and the sediment yield at the duck pond, respectively.  These models require numerous computations, which were performed at the watershed scale with the aid of ArcGIS software.  In ArcGIS the watershed was broken into a raster grid of approximately 5,200 discrete 100 foot by 100 foot grid cells. The resulting watershed erosion model identified two main sources of sediment: a cluster of farms relatively close to and east of the duck pond, and a harvested timber site north of the duck pond.  The model predicted that 1,076 tons of sediment are delivered into the duck pond annually. The estimated sediment yield was then compared to the estimated amount deposited between October 2011 and September 2012, as measured by a topographic survey.  The model prediction was found to be within a factor of 6.3x of the measured value.  The predicted and measured sediment yields as well as identified erosion sources can be used to develop a water quality improvement plan and to help alleviate the need for periodic dredging. / Master of Science

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This thesis is situated in the converging fields of geographic information systems (GIS), multimedia applications on the World Wide Web, and public health surveillance. Recent technological advances in multimedia and GIS software have enabled public health organizations to distribute health maps over the Web, potentially allowing remote users to perform queries and analytical operations. Both static maps and interactive analysis may improve public health through targeted health surveillance and subsequent interventions. The thesis reviews privacy, technological, and cartographic issues related to distributing health data over the Web and evaluates 30 existing sites, allowing for a representative sample of the current state of Web health mapping and suggestions for future health-GIS sites. Most of the sites reviewed were technically sound, but offered little or no opportunity for users to design maps and carry out analyses. The few interactive sites now online allowed for simple queries. Based on ongoing research, we will demonstrate a prototype site that allows for increased interactive use by remote users. Research shows public health officials are concerned about costs involved in incorporating new technology, such as GIS, into their work. The prototype website was created using free software to minimize costs and focuses on asthma, socioeconomic and air pollution data from Hamilton, Ontario. Upon completion the prototype site was tested by target users during a focus group at McMaster University. Survey results from the focus group reiterate findings from the literature. The majority of respondents are interested in incorporating GIS, openGIS and spatial data, but they are concerned of the costs involved with new software. Complete results from the survey administered and how the results led to changes in the original prototype are documented. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Detta examensarbete syftar till att studera hur olika vattenkemiska parametrar förändras då vattnet rinner genom sjöar i Emåns avrinningsområde. Vattenkemidata hämtades från Sveriges lantbruksuniversitets databank. Genom att använda ArcGIS verktyget STARS, Spatial Tools for the Analysis of River Systems, kunde en hydrologisk nätverksmodell byggas upp. De vattenkemiska parametrarna som analyserades var pH, färgtal, absorbans filtrerad (Abs), syraneutraliserande förmåga (ANC), oorganiskt kväve (IN), organiskt kväve (ON), total kväve (TN), total organisk kol (TOC), total fosfor (Tot-P) samt fosfat (PO4-P).  Tillvägagångsättet i examensarbetet har varit ett statistiskt sätt att bearbeta och kvantifiera data mellan sjöar och vattendrag. Inga kemiska, fysikaliska eller biologiska processer har studerats. Detta examensarbete ger en inblick i de möjliga samband som finns mellan sjöar och vattendrag i landskapet. Geostatistiska modeller är viktiga verktyg för att förstå hur kemiska och biologiska processer verkar i sjöar och vattendrag. När geostatistiska modeller analyseras används olika avståndsmodeller där dessa kan ge en djupare förståelse för vad som händer mellan miljöövervakningsstationerna. Vid bestämning av färdväg och avstånd mellan miljöövervakningsstationerna är euklidiskt avstånd (fågelvägen) eller ett hydrologiskt avstånd (fiskvägen) de vanligaste. Dessa avstånd kan antingen definieras som symmetriskt eller asymmetriskt avstånd. Studier har visat att det finns brister i hur sjöar skall analyseras på ett korrekt sätt i modellerna. I den här studien används längden mellan sjöars in- och utlopp, sjölängd (SL), som beräknades för samtliga sjöar och jämfördes med avstånden ovan för att urskilja effekterna av sjöar. Arean på sjöar och våtmarker, SV, beräknades också till varje miljöövervakningsstation. Statistiskanalysering utfördes med vattenkemidata från augusti månad från åren 2010 och 2013. Under augusti månad inhämtades data från samtliga miljöövervakningsstationer. Skillnaden i månadsmedelflöde var störst åren 2010 och 2013 jämfört med övriga år. Resultatet av analyseringen visade att Abs, färgtal, IN, ON, PO4-P, TN, TOC och Tot-P hade en negativ korrelation mot SL och SV area uppströms miljöövervakningsstationerna. pH hade en positiv korrelation och det fanns ingen signifikant korrelation för ANC. SL var starkt korrelerad med sjöegenskaperna area, volym, max- och medeldjup. Baserat på samtliga ovannämnda resultat drogs slutsatsen att sjöar hade en större påverkan på de vattenkemiska parametrarna än vattendragen. Ur ett landskapsperspektiv ökade koncentrationen av de vattenkemiska parametrarna längs med vattendragen men koncentrationen minskade när vattnet strömmade igenom sjöar. Att använda SL som avståndsmätning i sjöar är ett enkelt och bra sätt att beskriva vattnets väg genom sjöar där stark korrelation fanns mellan SL och sjöegenskaperna. / The aim of this Master’s Thesis is to study how different water chemistry parameters change as water flows through the lakes in the watershed of the river Emån. Water chemistry data was extracted from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences database. By using the ArcGIS toolset STARS, Spatial Tools for the Analysis of River Systems, it was possible to build a landscape network. The water chemistry parameters that were analyzed included: pH, color, absorbance filtered (Abs), acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), inorganic nitrogen (IN), organic nitrogen (ON), total amount nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (Tot-P) and phosphate (PO4-P). In this thesis statistical analysis of available data were performed including processing and quantifying the impact of lakes on water chemistry. While this approach does not inherently consider chemical, physical or biological processes, it does offer a straightforward view of possible patterns of interactions between lakes and watercourses in the landscape. Geostatistical models are important tools for understanding how chemical and biological processes operates in lakes and stream networks. When geostatistical models are analyzed, different distance models can give a deeper insight of what happens between monitoring stations. When determining the routes and the distances between monitoring stations in a network it is most common to use the Euclidean (straight line) distance or the hydrological distances. Further, these distances can be defined either symmetrically or asymmetrically.  Studies have shown that there is a need in how to properly analyze lakes in these distance models. In this thesis the lengths between inlet and outlet of the lakes in the stream network, lake length (SL), were calculated for all the lakes. SL were compared within the distance metrics mentioned above to discern the impacts of lakes. The area lake and wetlands, SV, were also calculated to each site. The analyses were performed with water chemistry data from August for the years 2010 and 2013. Data was collected from all monitoring stations during this month. The difference in average month flow rate was highest in 2010 and 2013 compared to other years.Analyses showed that Abs, color, IN, ON, PO4-P, TN, TOC and Tot-P had a negative correlation in relation to SL and SV. On the other hand, pH had a positive correlation and there were no significant correlations for ANC. SL had a strong correlation with lake area, volume, maximum depth and average depth. Based on these findings it can be concluded that lakes have a stronger impact on changing water chemistry than streams. In a landscape perspective the water chemical parameters increased in concentration as water flowed downstream, but the concentrations decreased as water flowed through the lakes. The results of this study demonstrate that SL supplies an adequate way to describe the path of water through the lakes shown in the correlation between SL and lake properties.

This study is a continuation of my previous essay, which performed a catalogue and interpretation of stone cists from the late Neolithic - early Bronze Age. This essay will develop that study through a analysis of the land use during the same period. The material will be analyzed through ArcGIS where five main analysis will be used to study this, watershed, viewshed, hillshade, buffer/density and nearest neighbor. The goal of these analysis will be to create a better view of the landscape and together with the archaeological material create a deeper understanding for the land use during the late Neolithic - early Bronze Age. The archaeological material that will be used consists of stone cists, which were identified in my previous essay, as well as stray finds, namely flint daggers and simple shaft hole axes. The stone cists and their position in the landscape will be studied closer as these are the only stationary monuments in the landscape during this period. These will be compared with the stray finds and ArcGIS analysis with the goal of identifying land use, for example potential settlements, something which is rarely found during this period. / Denna studie är en fortsättning på min föregående uppsats som  utförde en sammanställning och tolkning av hällkistor från Senneolitikum - äldre Bronsålder på Gotland. Denna uppsats utvecklar detta genom en analys av landskapsanvändningen under samma period. Materialet kommer analyseras genom ArcGIS där fem huvudsakliga analyser kommer användas för att studera detta, watershed, viewshed, hillshade, buffer/density samt nearest neighbor. Dessa har som mål att skapa en bättre bild av landskapet och tillsammans med det arkeologiska materialet skapa en förståelse för landskapsanvändningen under Senneolitikum - äldre Bronsålder. Det arkeologiska materialet som kommer användas består av hällkistor som identifierats i föregående uppsats samt lösfynd i form av flintdolkar och enkla skafthålsyxor. Hällkistorna och deras position i landskapet kommer studeras i  närmare då dessa är de ända fasta monumenten från denna period. Dessa kommer sedan jämföras med lösfynden och förhållas till ArcGIS analyserna som utförts med målet att identifiera landskapsanvändning. Utifrån dessa analyser kan eventuella viktiga områden i landskapet identifieras, exempelvis potentiella bosättningar, något som sällan hittas under denna period.