No / This authoritative book combines contributions from experts in academic, governmental and industrial environments, to provide a unique, comprehensive look at: - Why hair can serve as an invaluable bio-resource in toxicology, with up-to-date reviews on hair growth, hair fibre formation and hair pigmentation - Information (including regulatory details) on the exposure of hair (and by extension the body) to drug and non-drug chemicals and pollutants - Toxicological issues relevant to the use of hair products (including colourants, shampoos and depilatories) - The ability of hair to capture information on personal identity, chemical exposure, and environmental interactions - How hair can provide an understanding of human life from archaeological and historical perspectives - Future direction in the use of hair in toxicology Hair in Toxicology: An Important Biomonitor is ideal as a reference and guide to investigations in the biomedical, biochemical and pharmaceutical sciences at the graduate and post graduate level.

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This thesis analyzes Donax variabilis from the Burns Site (900 to 1600 CE), located on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station along the Atlantic Coast of Central Florida. Samples were taken along growth lines of 12 Donax variabilis shells from multiple levels of the site. Results show high δ18O values, particularly in the terminal edge of shell growth, indicating cooler conditions at time of harvest. Estimation of temperature from δ18O values provides additional evidence that the D. variabilis sampled in this study were harvested during the autumn or winter. This indicates season of site occupation during these seasons, though occupation during other seasons cannot be ruled out. Sites in northern Florida display similar season of harvest for D. variabilis, potentially indicating that this is a seasonally exploited resource. Additionally, comparing modern sea surface temperatures with those during site occupation shows the time period during which the Burns site was occupied had a similar average temperature with that of modern day, but cooler minimum and maximum temperatures.

Depictions of movement in Late Postclassic and early Colonial Mesoamerican art, maps, and documents show a multi-faceted conception of movement as not only a means of physical travel through the landscape of the mundane world, but also a means to reach the cosmic realms of divine forces. In this thesis, I explored the intersection of movement and ritual in Late Postclassic Oaxaca by modelling a hypothetical ritual circuit around the Manialtepec Lagoon: a bioluminescent lagoon near Oaxaca's Pacific Coast that is significant in oral histories of the Indigenous Chatinos. The Manialtepec Basin lacks the level of continuous occupation or historic documentation that have proven integral in reconstructing prehispanic landscapes in other regions of Oaxaca. In a step towards determining whether sacred landscapes of Late Postclassic Oaxaca can be confirmed or predicted by a Geographic Information System (GIS), this project created a network of Least Cost Paths and natural features to predict ritual circuits and the sanctuaries visited along those circuits. Using a portion of the Nochixtlán Valley and the region of the Valley of Oaxaca containing the city of Mitla as well-studied test regions, the model's predictive capabilities were compared to the findings of archaeological surveys. The model predicted locations that coincided with ceremonial-use archaeological sites slightly better than archaeological sites in general, and twice the rate at which it predicted the locations of a spatially random dataset of polygons. Using the generated paths as well as ones that exist today, I proposed a hypothetical ritual circuit around the Manialtepec Lagoon. The circuit, as well as the predictive model itself, are demonstrative as proof-of-concept. Based on promising initial prediction results, this project will serve as inspiration for improved models and eventual use in recreating Postclassic Oaxacan landscapes and providing spatial focus for non-site archaeological surveys.

A Musealização da Arqueologia e a Conservação arqueológica são os eixos estruturantes desta tese, que busca delinear o relacionamento entre a Arqueologia, Museologia e Conservação na produção acadêmica nacional e nas experiências desenvolvidas na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Por meio de análises bibliométricas, foram quantificadas e analisadas teses, dissertações e publicações em eventos a fim de mapear e avaliar a construção de conhecimento dessas temáticas. Também foram entrevistados profissionais das áreas e realizado o acompanhamento das atividades dos pesquisadores da UFPel, compondo um quadro de potencialidades e limites das interfaces disciplinares. O diagnóstico de aproximações e distanciamentos entre as três áreas foi fundamental para a compreensão de diferentes momentos e interlocuções, propiciando o entendimento do contexto atual no que se refere às perspectivas para a preservação do patrimônio arqueológico. No ambiente universitário, laboratórios de Arqueologia, projetos de pesquisa, programa museológico e atuações de diferentes profissionais (arqueólogos, museólogos e conservadores) complementam e tornam complexo esse cenário. A partir dessas análises e articulando-se com as legislações e recomendações acerca do patrimônio arqueológico nacional, apresentaram-se alguns aprendizados e premissas para a gestão multidisciplinar do patrimônio arqueológico. A premissa básica estabelece que as três áreas precisam estar em patamares equânimes para articularem-se por meio de conceitos e pressupostos teórico-metodológicos condizentes com os desafios patrimoniais contemporâneos. Dessa forma, aliando as áreas de forma equilibrada, torna-se possível empreender a pesquisa arqueológica de maneira integral, com planejamentos prévios e interdisciplinares embasados na cadeia operatória de procedimentos museológicos, que envolve a salvaguarda (conservação e documentação) e a comunicação (exposições e ações educativo-culturais). Assim, as pesquisas arqueológicas vindouras, bem como as já empreendidas e os acervos arqueológicos salvaguardados em diferentes instituições, têm o potencial de ensejar ações multidisciplinares que oportunizam a proteção e promoção do patrimônio arqueológico. Essas ações, articuladas por um viés preservacionista, que se orienta por perspectivas participativas, multivocais e compartilhadas, possibilita que o patrimônio exerça sua função social na contemporaneidade. / The Musealization of Archeology and Archaeological Conservation are the structuring axes of this thesis, which purpose is to outline the relationship between Archeology, Museology, and Conservation in the national academic scenario and in the experiences developed at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Theses, dissertations, and publications in events were quantified and analyzed through bibliometric analyzes in order to map and evaluate the construction of knowledge of these topics. Also, professionals of the areas were interviewed, as well as the monitoring of the activities of UFPel researchers, composing a framework of potentialities and limits of the disciplinary interfaces. The diagnosis of approximations and detachment between the three areas was fundamental for the understanding of the different moments and interlocutions, providing an understanding of the current context regarding the perspectives for the preservation of the archaeological patrimony. In the university environment, Archeology laboratories, research projects, museological program, and performances of different professionals (archaeologists, museologists and conservatives) complement and turn this scenario into a complex one. From these analyzes, and in articulation with the legislations and recommendations on the national archaeological heritage, some learnings and premises were presented for the multidisciplinary management of the archaeological heritage. The basic premise establishes that the three areas must be at equal levels in order to articulate themselves through concepts and theoretical-methodological assumptions aligned with contemporary patrimonial challenges. Therefore, by combining these areas in a balanced way it is possible to undertake archaeological research in an integral manner, with previous and interdisciplinary planning based on the operational chain of museum procedures, which involve safeguarding (conservation and documentation) and communication (exhibitions and cultural/educational actions). Thus, upcoming archaeological researches, as well as those already undertaken and archaeological collections safeguarded in different institutions, have the potential to lead to multidisciplinary actions that invite the protection and promotion of archaeological heritage. These actions, articulated through a preservationist bias, guided by participatory, multivocal, and shared perspectives enable the heritage to exercise its social role in contemporaneity.

The Pile Mound survey includes magnetometry paired with targeted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys of the mound and testing of associated features over the ca. 6.5 ha site. The GPR survey discovered six rock features (five large rock features within the mound and one marking the outside of the mound). Knowledge of mounds in the Upper Cumberland Plateau (UCP) is lacking—the closest other studied sites are at the Corbin Site, Croley-Evans, Bell Site, and Beasley Mounds, approximately 75 – 100 km away. However, the most similar mound construction is found at Corbin and Cherokee sites, some 175 – 275 km away. In addition, the associated ceramic assemblage appears to reflect more similarity to the East Tennessee Valley rather than the Middle Cumberland region. These data provide a unique opportunity to better understand the Mississippian occupation in the UCP of Tennessee.

Geographically located materials are used by the archaeology to analyze and explain the socio-cultural aspects of ancient life. Thus, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have started to be used in archaeology for many applications. Although, cooperation of GIS and archaeology is considered as beneficial, it has become insufficient to meet the requirements of archaeologists about excavation study. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to develop Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) which includes both the GIS tools and analyses and / analytical modeling capabilities in order to satisfy the needs of archaeologists. Moreover, to develop a specialized system for specific archaeological excavation site is aimed. In this study, Kaunos is selected as a case study area and in order to furnish this aim, firstly, needs of archaeologists working in the excavation study of Kaunos are analyzed. Secondly, GIS tools and analyses are determined which meet the requirements of archaeologists. Finally, SDSS for Kaunos Archaeological Excavation Site is developed. It is composed of four components namely / Database Management, Model Management, Dialog Management and Stakeholder Components. Analyses are conducted under the Model Management Component and results are visualized in Dialog Management Component. Result maps help and assist archaeologists in terms of interpreting and examining the socio-cultural, economical and demographical characteristics of Kaunos.