Additive manufacturing (AM) has shown itself to be beneficial in many application areas, including product design and manufacture, medical models and prosthetics, architectural modelling and artistic endeavours. For some of these applications, coupling AM with reverse engineering (RE) enables the utilisation of data from existing 3D shapes. This thesis describes the application of AM and RE within sculpture manufacture, in order to optimise the process chains for sculpture reproduction and relic conservation and restoration. This area poses particular problems since the original artefacts can often be fragile and inaccessible, and the finishing required on the AM replicas is both complex and varied. Several case studies within both literature and practical projects are presented, which cover essential knowledge of producing large scale sculptures from an original models as well as a wide range of artefact shapes and downstream finishing techniques. The combination of digital technologies and traditional art requires interdisciplinary knowledge across engineering and fine art. Also, definitions and requirements (e.g. 'accuracy'), can be applied as both engineering and artistic terms when specifications and trade-offs are being considered. The thesis discusses the feasibility for using these technologies across domains, and explores the potential for developing new market opportunities for AM. It presents and analyses a number of case study projects undertaken by the author with a view to developing cost and time models for various processes used. These models have then been used to develop a series of "process maps", which enable users of AM in this area to decide upon the optimum process route to follow, under various circumstances. The maps were validated and user feedback obtained through the execution of two further sculpture manufacturing projects. The thesis finishes with conclusions about the feasibility of the approach, its constraints, the pros and cons of adopting AM in this area and recommendations for future research.

The stratigraphy of an archaeological site is fundamental to the understanding of that site's history of occupation, use and abandonment. Archaeological stratigraphy is subject to a variety of post-depositional processes that may damage or destroy this stratigraphy. This work focuses on one such process, faunalturbation, i.e. the process of mixing by animals. The effects of the invertebrate soil mesofauna, in particular earthworms, were studied in this work. Three archaeological sites were investigated using faunal surveys, thin section micromorphology, 137CS profiling, field recording and determinations of pH, loss on ignition, bulk density and particle size distribution. This study views faunalturbation as a system and attempts to delineate and confirm the relationships within that study. The results demonstrate that soil properties such as loss on ignition and pH have some effect on the populations of soil invertebrates and on the intensity and distribution of faunalturbation, but that there are likely to be other factors which also have a significant influence. Two models of the possible impact that invertebrate faunalturbation has on archaeological stratigraphy are advanced and tested, with one being found to be more accurate. This model posits that the most rapid and complete impact on archaeological stratigraphy is found to occur in the uppermost region of an archaeological site, with significant but lesser impact occurring more slowly in the deeper part of an archaeological site. Where a site has accumulated in an episodic fashion, there may be zones at depth within an archaeological site which have had all stratigraphic units completely reworked by invertebrate faunalturbation.

This thesis report is part of a larger thesis project which includes the museum exhibit Changing Tides and the UBC Museum of Anthropology Museum Note No. 13, entitled Changing Tides: The Development of Archaeology in B.C.'s Fraser Delta. This report chronicles the planning and production of this exhibit project and outlines the criteria on which it is based. The main objective of this project was to aid in the development of public appreciation for scientific archaeology. Justification for this objective is provided through a discussion of the role of public interpretation in archaeology. Funding, exhibit development, exhibit co-ordination and scheduling, exhibit conservation, Museum Note development, and related activities are discussed and evaluated. A series of appendixes are included which document the development of Changing Tides. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based proteomic methods have provided archaeologists with a powerful tool for the discovery and identification of proteins within artifacts. Traditionally, discovery-based methods have utilized a non-targeted full mass scan method in an attempt to identify all proteins present within a given sample. However, increased sensitivity is often needed to target specific proteins in order to test hypotheses. Proteins present within archaeological materials present a unique challenge, as they are often subjected to a variety of chemical transformations both before and after burial. Any preserved proteins will be present within a complex mixture of compounds, and full mass scans often fail to detect less abundant proteins of interest. Consistent and reliable targeted methods are needed to detect protein biomarkers. Taphonomic experimentation was employed as a means to identify the effect of particular processes and conditions on the preservation of mare's milk proteins. In addition, three LC-MS methods were evaluated for their efficiency in identifying mare's milk-specific peptide biomarkers from experimental pottery samples. The ability to reliably detect the presence of these species-specific peptides can help provide evidence about past cultural groups, including the origins of dairying and animal domestication.

No description available.

A museum on a historical site that follows the history and evolution of the city of Athens by exploring the underground levels while creating cultural and leisure spaces for the community on its ground floor. Several pavilions on the ground floor with references on classical architecture act as connectors between past and present; Some of those pavilions house activities for the community and some act as vertical circulation and light shafts between today (park level) and history (underground). Both past and present are incorporated into a both vertical and horizontal journey from light-towards darkness-towards light.

This dissertation investigates the relationship of the Fortifications in Pretoria to the public. The architectural problem of making the public aware of these Fortifications is investigated and responded to by designing a Visitors centre, to draw the public to the Fort, by creating an experience of moving through the landscape. This experience orientates the visitor visually towards various other iconic monuments, by symbolically turning the visitor into a camera, capturing views and experiences for himself. The program also provides facilities for Archaeological research which will be done on various other Fortification ruins and archaeological sites in Pretoria. The visitors experience and interaction with the landscape and the vision of the Fort as artefact contributes to the visitors being made aware of the gradual deterioration of the Fortifications in the city to ruins. The Fortifications themselves are monumental ruins, but by adding to them yet still respecting their heritage qualities, makes this a sensitive and respectful response to an important problem of how to preserve historical artefacts and at the same time utilising them. West Fort will become the catalyst for public awareness and experience to the other Fortifications within the city context. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

El proyecto se planteó con el objetivo de dar a conocer la cultura e historia de la Ciudad de Barranca, muchas personas relacionan Barranca con La ciudad de Caral, sin saber la riqueza cultural que la Provincia presenta, teniendo 24 asentamientos arqueológicos bordeando los ríos que cruzan los 5 distritos, Paramonga, Pativilca, Barranca, Supe Puerto y Supe Pueblo, siendo el último el que cuenta con más zonas arqueológicas en su eje y presentando como protagonista Caral. Al proyectar un Centro de Interpretación y Difusión Arqueológica, no solo se está dando a conocer la historia del lugar, con la Sala fotográfica o las Salas de exposiciones, también se está difundiendo la importancia de la Provincia a los mismos ciudadanos, con talleres de capacitación, teóricos y lúdicos, para que los niños se forjen desde pequeños con otra perspectiva. A dar a conocer los 24 asentamientos se incrementaría el turismo interno y externo, es por ello que la ubicación del Centro, se encuentra el ingreso de la ciudad de Barranca, por su buena accesibilidad, ya que colinda con la Panamericana Norte y la cercanía de los paraderos de buses, que servirían de transporte a las zonas arqueológicas. El punto es crear un hito en la Ciudad, haciendo que el Centro se sienta como una gran ruina arqueológica, la textura, el color, las plazas hundidas, la volumetría, los vacíos y llenos, recreando una arquitectura Precolombina, haciendo que sirva de referencia para las zonas aledañas sin construirse, fomentando la creación de un Polo Cultural. / The project aims to spread the culture and history of the City of Barranca. Many people associate Barranca with the city of Caral and don’t know the cultural wealth of the province; It has 24 archaeological settlements that border the rivers and these rivers cross the 5 districts: Paramonga, Pativilca, Barranca, Supe Puerto and Supe Pueblo. Supe Pueblo is the one with the most archaeological sites along its axis and features Caral as its protagonist. When designing an Archaeological Interpretation and Dissemination Center, not only the history of the place is disseminated, the Photographic Hall or the Exhibition Halls also spread the importance of the Province to the citizens themselves. They have training, theoretical and recreational workshops for children to learn from a different perspective. By publicizing the 24 settlements, internal and external tourism will increase, which is why the Center is at the door of the city of Barranca. It has good accessibility, since it borders the Panamericana Norte and the proximity of the bus stops, which serve as transportation to the archaeological zones. The objective is to create a landmark in the City, making the Center feel like a great archaeological ruin, the texture, the color, the sunken squares, the volume, the empty and full, recreating Pre-Columbian architecture, which serves as a reference for the surrounding areas without being built, promoting the creation of a Cultural Center. / Tesis

Presented in the session “Bioarchaeology and Forensic Case Studies of Sectarian Violence, Revolts, and Small-Scale Warfare.”

The prehispanic site of Tiwanaku, located in northeastern Bolivia, was the focus of many studies during the past few decades. However, much of the site remains unexplored, leaving many questions unanswered about the location of dense archaeological deposits, the nature of urban organization, and water management strategies—specifically those located in the eastern sector of the Akapana Pyramid. Orthophoto mosaics and Digital Elevation Models derived from drone imagery helped identify archaeological features and anthropogenic mounds. New magnetic survey produced with a cesium gradiometer was merged with previous surveys (fluxgate and cesium gradiometer). The integration of maps and plans from six areas of a previous archaeological investigation within a common Geographical Information System helped relate geophysical anomalies to archaeological features. Our results demonstrate a high level of urban organization associating monumental buildings to open ritual spaces and to densely populated areas during Tiwanaku IV (500–800 CE) and V (800–1100 CE). The complexity of the urban organization is also demonstrated by landscape modifications such as a complex water management system and at least three terraces that augmented the monumentality of the Akapana Pyramid This interdisciplinary approach, innovative in Bolivia, provides new insight into one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Andes.