Dès le milieu du XIXe siècle, Toulouse apparaît comme un pôle dynamique du développement des études en archéologie préhistorique. « Laboratoire » d'expériences institutionnelles de la jeune discipline, enseignements universitaires, revues, sociétés savantes et musées toulousains favorisent en effet l'implantation d'une communauté scientifique dont l'examen sociologique révèle l'ampleur des réseaux à différentes échelles, notamment à travers l'étude des correspondances et archives personnelles de ces premiers préhistoriens.Parmi les nombreuses personnalités scientifiques ayant participé à ce développement et favorisé l'essor des recherches en ce domaine, la figure d'Emile Cartailhac (1845-1921) apparaît comme emblématique de cette communauté savante. La longue et prolifique carrière de ce scientifique provincial, son engagement dans la structuration de la communauté locale, ses relations avec les savants français et étrangers ainsi que son implication active dans les grands débats de son époque le placent au cœur d'une problématique visant à redéfinir le rôle de ces érudits locaux dans la constitution des savoirs entre XIXe et XXe siècle. Ce travail propose donc à travers l'étude de la pensée et de la production de ce préhistorien toulousain, notamment par l’examen de ses archives personnelles, une lecture de l'histoire de la discipline et des apports de ces savants d'envergure « secondaire ». / Emergence and development of prehistoric archelogy in southern France (Toulouse) between XIXth and XXth century

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-18T19:08:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação finalizada - André Carvalho de Moura.pdf: 1708748 bytes, checksum: ada1eaf485165eb90a708c40a3d5919c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T19:08:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação finalizada - André Carvalho de Moura.pdf: 1708748 bytes, checksum: ada1eaf485165eb90a708c40a3d5919c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / FACEPE / Esta dissertação irá tratar de um enunciado político singular, que comporta uma racionalidade litigiosa e que arrisca escapar ao cômputo dos ordenamentos de poder. Sua capacidade de atravessar diversas estruturas e unidades permite uma análise a partir de um corpus estético-fotográfico: um conjunto de fotografias digitais heterogêneas, extraídas contemporaneamente de Vitória de Santo Antão, mas referentes a uma mesma fórmula pathos chamada Tentações de Santo Antão – uma alusão à alegoria de Antão Abade, asceta dos primeiros séculos da cristandade e padroeiro da cidade. A configuração de uma fórmula patética, que encerre essas imagens variadas, segue o carro daquilo que Giorgio Agamben estabeleceu enquanto método: arqueologia paradigmática, uma forma de conhecimento nem indutiva e nem dedutiva, mas analógica, que se move de singularidade a singularidade. O objetivo é elaborar uma construção metodológica e analítica – a partir da aproximação teórica de autores como Didi-Huberman, Jacques Rancière, Aby Warburg, Michel Foucault e o próprio Agamben –, que exponha a dinâmica dos saberes visuais daquele saber político distinto. Assim, esta pesquisa pretende investigar se as imagens aqui expressas, nos termos de um paradigma visual, podem produzir reflexões sobre uma ação possível fora dos aparatos do poder, nesta cidade tão longamente assenhorada por oligarquias. De fato, nos limites de suas temporalidades, o estatuto lacunar das imagens possibilita ao pesquisador um fecundo lugar de investigação. / This paper will deal with a singular political statement, which includes a litigious rationality and risks escape the calculation of power order. Its ability to cross various structures and units allows an analysis from an aesthetic-photographic corpus: a set of heterogeneous digital photographs, extracted in the contemporaneity of the country city Vitória de Santo Antão in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, but also referring to the same pathos formula so called Temptations of St. Anthony – an allusion the allegory of Anthony the Abbot, ascetic of the first centuries of Christianity and patron of the city. The set of a pathetic formula, which shuts down these different images, follows what Giorgio Agamben established as a method: paradigmatic archeology, a kind of knowledge nor inductive or deductive but analog, which moves from uniqueness to uniqueness. The goal is to develop a methodological and analytical construction – from the theoretical approach of authors such as Didi-Huberman, Jacques Rancière, Aby Warburg, Michel Foucault and Agamben himself – that exposes the dynamics of a plural visual knowledge of that distinct political statement. Thus, this research aims to investigate whether the images here expressed in terms of a visual paradigm, can produce reflections on a possible action out of the apparatuses of power in this city so long oppressive dominated by landlords oligarchies. In fact, within the limits of its temporalities, the incomplete status of the images allows to the researcher a fruitful research place.

The amount of information and the speed at which it is changing is fascinating and overwhelming. The capacity of our computer systems to process this information far exceeds the limits of our brains, making the systems of processing and organizing seem foreign and abstract. The anxiety caused by this information overload compels me to try and make sense of these systems by slowing things down, by recreating digital actions and artifacts by hand. At times my need to archive this digital world is genuine and results in sincere attempts to create physical records of the software and programs we use. But this cloud full of information, data, systems, and images is so elusive and mysterious that the frustration of creating a genuine archive encourages me to pull from software and systems at will, mashing them up in ways that are both generative and degrading. These then result in quasi-scientific, semi-fictitious images and installations that investigate possible histories and cultures that this invisible world might hold.

The burial type referred to as bundle burials was a rare occurrence during the Neolithic era and little research has been done on the topic. Three graves from the Ajvide/Jakobs site at Eksta parish, Gotland have been identified as this specific type of burial. There are several potential explanations to why this type of burial would potentially occasionally be implemented or why the excavated remains would be found in this types of positions. The purpose of this thesis is to present and search for different explanations to this phenomenon. Furthermore, the main purpose of the study is to explore how taphonomic research can potentially deepen our knowledge regarding rituals and practices of the past, particularly within the field of mortuary archaeology. / Paketgravar under den neolitiska perioden är en ovanlig förekomst och lite forskning har gjorts om ämnet. Totalt tre paketgravar har identifierats vid Ajvide /Jakobs, Eksta socken på Gotland. Det finns många möjliga förklaringar till varför denna typ av begravning potentiellt skulle kunna praktiserats eller varför benelementen skulle kunna påträffats i dessa typer av positioner. Syftet med denna uppsats är att presentera och undersöka olika möjliga förklaringar till detta ovanliga gravskick. Vidare är syftet med studien även att utforska hur tafonomisk forskning potentiellt kan fördjupa vår kunskap om ritualer från det förflutna, framförallt inom gravarkeologi.

For generations, the technological development of the media has changed human behavior, both for the better and for the worse. From having to buy everything in a store to being able to shop through a live-stream. The problem, however, is that there is a lack of research that has touched on this in the Nordic countries. Especially studies that have touched it in a media archeological aspect. In this thesis, I have analyzed liveshopping as a medium by comparing it with TV-shop. This has been done with the help of media archeology/-ecology as a theoretical and methodological framework. Furthermore, the theory has supplemented with the help of remediation and affordance. Together, they form a theory package that complements each other in the thesis' purpose of examining the medium's properties and design, its environment and how it contributes to the individual's behavior. The analysis of the media has been complemented by the multimodal tools. The material consists of seven broadcasts from TVG (TV-shop) and liveshopping-streams from Lyko, Samsung, MQ MARQET and Lensway The result indicates a change in consumer behavior. During the TV-shop we had a behavior of not shopping from home. Which is proven in the media's attempt to attract viewers with cheap prices on the products. In today's liveshopping, reduced prices are not as common. Due to the fact that the audience actively went into the live-stream, it indicates that they do not necessarily watch the broadcast to be able to buy products at cheaper prices. The technological changes of the media have made possible changes in society through our way of consuming and interacting with the content from companies.

The aim of the diploma thesis was to design new campus at Hradiste St. Hyppolita in Znojmo. At present, a part of this area is owned by the Foundation of St. Hyppolita, which is an organization engaged in archaeological research in this area. Thus, the main idea was to create a new campus, which should be used not only for research, but also for the presentation of the discovered artifacts and, last but not least, as a popular tourist activity. Furthemore, it was required that the new campus completes the existing urban structure of the village and creates new conditions for the its development, which is considered as out of order and economically disadvantageous territory now. The result was overall redevelopment of the part of village. There were placed the objects such the museum, the research institute, the Foundation's headquarters and the commercial accommodation with catering possibility. Urban design responds to the current and the historical context and thanks to the involvement of many significant green elements, there was created a quiet public place too.

The aim of this thesis is to approach Ptolemaic and Imperial royal sculpture in Egypt dating between 300 BC and AD 220 (the reigns of Ptolemy I and Caracalla) from a contextual point of view. To collect together the statuary items (recognised as statues, statue heads and fragments, and inscribed bases and plinths) that are identifiably royal and have a secure archaeological context, that is a secure find spot or a recoverable provenance, within Egypt. I then used this material, alongside other types of evidence such as textual sources and numismatic material, to consider the distribution, style, placement, and functions of the royal statues, and to answer the primary questions of where were these statues located? what was the relationship between statue, especially statue style, and placement? And what changes can be identified between Ptolemaic and Imperial royal sculpture? From analysis of the sculptural evidence, this thesis was able to create a catalogue of 103 entries composed of 157 statuary items, and use this to identify the different styles of royal statues that existed in Ptolemaic and Imperial Egypt and the primary spaces for the placement of such imagery, namely religious and urban space. The results of this thesis, based on the available evidence, was the identification of a division between sculptural style and context regarding the royal statues, with Egyptian-style material being placed in Egyptian contexts, Greek-style material in Greek, and Imperial-style statues associated with classical contexts. The functions of the statues appear to have also typically been closely related to statue style and placement. Many of the statues were often directly associated with their location, meaning they were an intrinsic part of the function and appearance of the context they occupied, as well as acting as representations of the monarchs. Primarily, the royal statues acted as a way to establish and maintain communication between different groups in Egypt.

The habit of honouring outstanding individuals with statues was common throughout the Roman Empire. Yet after the end of the Severan reign at the beginning of the third century AD, a decrease in honorific statues is generally assumed to have taken place. This thesis aims to evaluate this hypothesis, focusing specifically on the years AD 222-285. The thesis is assessing the contemporaneous imperial remains for the Roman Empire as a whole and the evidence from four exemplary cities that are particularly conspicuous in their statuary production and display, both before and after the time frame under investigation (Leptis Magna, Athens, Ephesus, Aphrodisias). The purpose is to explore the standards, conventions, and limitations of statuary practice in Roman society in a synthetic and comparative analysis and thereby to evaluate its political and social role during a state of internal and external instability, labelled 'the third century crisis'. By providing concrete figures, the practice of the third century can be juxtaposed with both the antecedent and subsequent centuries and this will facilitate a more coherent insight into the overall development and changes in Roman honorific statuary practice. The results suggest that the assumed decline in the number of statuary installations might have to be re-evaluated. It has become apparent that in order to obtain comparable numbers, the inclusion of imperial family members in any statistical evaluation is indispensable, a factor which has previously been disregarded. A gradual decrease cannot be supported and neither can a decrease in the appreciation of honours.

This thesis investigates the rural landscape of the Vale of the White Horse in the late Iron Age and the Roman period. Its three aims are to place the Roman temple, amphitheatre and cemetery at Marcham / Frilford within the context of the wider rural landscape, to document the nature of the Romano-British social and economic structure and its relationship to earlier Iron Age systems, and to compare the rural community of the Vale with other communities in the upper Thames Valley. The first aim is addressed by analysing the archaeological data for the neighbourhood of the religious complex at Marcham / Frilford, integrating recent geophysical survey and commercial archaeological evaluations. It is considered whether the site's function was restricted to an extensive religious complex, or whether it can be classed as a small town. Although there is no evidence for urbanism in terms of densely packed buildings, market activities are possible. It is suggested that the cemetery might be a 'managed cemetery'. The second and third aims are addressed by presenting and evaluating the archaeological evidence for the use of the landscape. The development of the Iron Age into the Romano-British landscape is seen through changes in settlement density, structure and form, buildings such as villas, ditched field systems, communication via roads and trackways, increasing population and agricultural intensification. Variations in settlement forms in the Vale of the White Horse are considered within the wider context of settlement in the upper Thames Valley. The Iron Age landscape of the Vale appears similar to that of the gravel terraces north of the river Thames. In the Roman period it differs from the gravel terraces to the north by becoming a region of villas and local centres, which suggests differences in landholding and in social and economic structures. In addition, the late Iron Age and Romano-British settlement in the Vale of the White Horse is compared with other regional studies.

The Roman town of Herculaneum, due to its burial by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD79, provides the rare opportunity to study the diet of middle and lower class Romans living in an urban context in mid-1^st century AD Italy. Knowledge concerning Roman diet, prior to the growth of bioarchaeology in the 1960s and 1970s, was derived from the ancient texts and focused primarily on the elite diet. The diets of the poorer classes have often been considered monotonous and unhealthy and consequently, malnutrition is believed to have been widespread in urban centres. Collaboration between the numerous sub-disciplines of bioarchaeology, including archaeobotany and zooarchaeology, has begun to take place amongst scholars working on the Vesuvian sites and diet is currently being studied using a more holistic approach. The ancient sources act as a secondary resource and it is now the physical food remains that play a crucial role in examining Roman diet and associated topics such as trade, health and nutrition. This thesis investigated the bioarchaeological remains from the Cardo V sewer that ran beneath the shop/apartment complex of Insula Orientalis II in Herculaneum. It is the first large scale study to combine both new and existing bioarchaeological material from Herculaneum in an effort to provide the site with its own bioarchaeological data set, particularly with regards to food and diet. In total, 220L of soil was examined for carbonized and mineralized seeds, seashells, eggshells and fish bones. 194 taxa were identified, included including 94 botanical, 45 fish, 53 shellfish and two bird taxa. 114 of the 194 taxa can be considered edible foodstuffs. The statements of the ancient authors concerning dietary diversity have been examined in light of these findings and found to be comparable. The material displayed little taphonomic bias when compared to Pompeian bioarchaeological assemblages. The excellent preservation of the material, combined with data from modern food sciences, has allowed for much needed interpretation to take place in the areas of health and nutrition. The variety of cereals, fruits and seafood indicate close connections with the nearby land and sea and consequently, the economic implications of such extensive resource exploitation have been considered. A nutritional analysis of the finds have shown that diets were nutrient dense and healthy, enabling the people of Herculaneum to achieve modern day stature as well as survive and recover from illness. Thus it can no longer be assumed that those of moderate means ate an unhealthy and monotonous diet, that malnutrition was widespread in urban centres, and finally, that descriptions of foodstuffs in the ancient sources apply only to the wealthy.