Thèse de doctorat : Génie des systèmes industriels : INPL : 2009. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

A pesquisa investiga o complexo processo de informatização disciplinar da arquitetura, direcionando-se especificamente à abordagem das relações entre a concepção arquitetônica e o uso de modelos digitais. Nessa relação específica entre tecnologia informático-digital e criação toma-se como recorte privilegiado de estudo a produção das arquiteturas suportadas por técnicas digitais nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Com esse intento, estipulam-se duas aproximações. A primeira evoca a compreensão da própria criação arquitetônica como prática disciplinada, por meio de uma revisão da teoria de projeto. Estabelece uma leitura do papel do homem e dos seus instrumentos no projeto arquitetônico, definindo-se critérios para o ensaio sobre as interferências da tecnologia digital. A segunda aproximação, retoma a filosofia do design proposta de Vilém Flusser. Nesse caso, a pesquisa situa os instrumentos tecnológicos como recurso de superação das limitações humanas, que, afetando as estruturas de pensamento e criação vigentes, delimitam novas relações entre homem, conhecimento, criatividade e realidade. Em especial são estabelecidas incursões teóricas a partir de conceitos propostos pelo filósofo: \"gesto de fazer\", \"aparelho\", \"imagem-técnica\", \"gesto do cálculo e da computação\" e, por fim, \"o programa\". Essas incursões propõem diálogos com outros teóricos do campo do conhecimento e estudos de caso que endossam a argumentação. Por fim, estabelecem-se considerações críticas sobre as interferências da tecnologia informático-digital na arquitetura, propondo-se perspectivas para a criação pautada nos modelos digitais. / This is a research about the complex computerization of Architecture discipline. It focuses on the relationship between architectural design and use of digital models. In this specific context between digital technology and human creation, the study of the production of Architecture supported by digital techniques in the last two decades (1990-2010) is a privileged study object. Considering this, the study stipulates two approaches. The first refers to the understanding of the architectural conception as a disciplined practice through a review of Design Theory. It establishes a lecture on the role of man and its tools in architectural design, defining criteria for the discussion on the influence of digital technology. The second approach uses the design philosophy proposed by Vilém Flusser. In this case, the research comprehends the technological tools as a means of overcoming human limitation. It affects the structures of thinking and creating, marking new relations between man, knowledge, creativity and reality. In particular, incursions are established from theoretical concepts proposed by the philosopher: \"gesture of making\", \"apparatus\", \"technical image\", \"gesture of calculation and computation\", and \"the program\". These approaches raids propose dialogues with other theorists of the field of knowledge and case studies that endorse the argument. Finally, they settle critical considerations about the influence of digital technology in Architecture offering up prospects for the creation based on digital models.

Le renouveau actuel du vocabulaire formel dans l’univers des architectures dites « non standards » s’appuie largement sur l’utilisation de modeleurs tridimensionnels. Dans cette démarche de conception, la stratégie de modélisation d’objets relève moins de l’utilisation directe de la géométrie que de la formalisation d’une idée. En effet, le travail de recherche morphologique, de la forme idée à la forme visée, nécessite de nombreux ajustements incompatibles avec une démarche linéaire de modélisation géométrique. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que la genèse des formes résulte d’opérations successives de transformation de forme fondées sur des objectifs sémantiques et guidées par une ou plusieurs images mentales. Ce cheminement se fait par des variations importantes entre différents états de la forme et par de nombreux ajustements de cette forme. Pour répondre à ce processus itératif nous proposons une approche paramétrique de la modélisation qui s’appuie sur des modificateurs de forme de haut niveau. Nous nommons opérateurs morphologiques ces outils d’action sur la forme qui permettent à partir d’une fonction de transformation morphologique (bomber, torsader, plisser…) de trouver par différentes solutions alternatives et par ajustement une forme satisfaisante. Notre travail aborde plus spécifiquement les opérateurs plier, plisser, froisser / The current renewal of formal vocabulary in the world of architecture, so-called “non-standard”, relies heavily on the use of three-dimensional modelers. In this design strategy, object modeling falls under the direct use of geometry as the formalization of an idea. Indeed work with such forms requires many adjustments incompatible with linear geometric modeling. We assume that the genesis of forms results from successive operations processing form that are founded on semantic objectives and guided by one or more mental images. This semantic path is a variation between different states of the form and numerous adjustments to the form. To formalize this iterative process, we propose a parametric approach based on high level modifiers of form. Morphological operators are action tools that allow finding a satisfactory form through a morphological transformation (bulging, twisting, pleating…) and adjustment. Keywords : morphological operator, 3D design, architectural conception

Thèse de doctorat : Génie des systèmes industriels : INPL : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

A pesquisa investiga o complexo processo de informatização disciplinar da arquitetura, direcionando-se especificamente à abordagem das relações entre a concepção arquitetônica e o uso de modelos digitais. Nessa relação específica entre tecnologia informático-digital e criação toma-se como recorte privilegiado de estudo a produção das arquiteturas suportadas por técnicas digitais nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Com esse intento, estipulam-se duas aproximações. A primeira evoca a compreensão da própria criação arquitetônica como prática disciplinada, por meio de uma revisão da teoria de projeto. Estabelece uma leitura do papel do homem e dos seus instrumentos no projeto arquitetônico, definindo-se critérios para o ensaio sobre as interferências da tecnologia digital. A segunda aproximação, retoma a filosofia do design proposta de Vilém Flusser. Nesse caso, a pesquisa situa os instrumentos tecnológicos como recurso de superação das limitações humanas, que, afetando as estruturas de pensamento e criação vigentes, delimitam novas relações entre homem, conhecimento, criatividade e realidade. Em especial são estabelecidas incursões teóricas a partir de conceitos propostos pelo filósofo: \"gesto de fazer\", \"aparelho\", \"imagem-técnica\", \"gesto do cálculo e da computação\" e, por fim, \"o programa\". Essas incursões propõem diálogos com outros teóricos do campo do conhecimento e estudos de caso que endossam a argumentação. Por fim, estabelecem-se considerações críticas sobre as interferências da tecnologia informático-digital na arquitetura, propondo-se perspectivas para a criação pautada nos modelos digitais. / This is a research about the complex computerization of Architecture discipline. It focuses on the relationship between architectural design and use of digital models. In this specific context between digital technology and human creation, the study of the production of Architecture supported by digital techniques in the last two decades (1990-2010) is a privileged study object. Considering this, the study stipulates two approaches. The first refers to the understanding of the architectural conception as a disciplined practice through a review of Design Theory. It establishes a lecture on the role of man and its tools in architectural design, defining criteria for the discussion on the influence of digital technology. The second approach uses the design philosophy proposed by Vilém Flusser. In this case, the research comprehends the technological tools as a means of overcoming human limitation. It affects the structures of thinking and creating, marking new relations between man, knowledge, creativity and reality. In particular, incursions are established from theoretical concepts proposed by the philosopher: \"gesture of making\", \"apparatus\", \"technical image\", \"gesture of calculation and computation\", and \"the program\". These approaches raids propose dialogues with other theorists of the field of knowledge and case studies that endorse the argument. Finally, they settle critical considerations about the influence of digital technology in Architecture offering up prospects for the creation based on digital models.

Notre implication personnelle dans le design de projets de multimédias culturels nous a conduits à nous intéresser plus particulièrement aux architectures multimédias, qui constituent le sujet de cet ouvrage. Le terme «architectures multimédia» décrit trois axes différents: les architectures spatiales, les architectures du contenu et les architectures de programmation et de navigation interactive. Des analogies et des relations peuvent être établies entre l’organisation spatiale et la structure programmatique du projet architectural et les propriétés correspondantes d’une œuvre multimédia. L’accent est mise sur les multimédias culturels de la période 1990-2005 dans le but de découvrir des éléments innovants dans la conception de l’interface graphique et interactive. Ces innovations, qui constituent des programmes artistiques nouveaux, ont contribué à faire progressivement émerger un nouveau langage propre à l’espace numérique multimédia. Un nouvel habitus de la production artistique s’est développé sur l’héritage des vieux moyens d’expression et sur l’assimilation des nouveaux médias. / Through our personal involvement in the design of cultural multimedia projects we have developed a special interest in multimedia architectures, which are the subject of this text. The term “multimedia architectures” denotes three different axes: spatial architecture of screens and interfaces, architecture of the content organisation and the architecture of programming and navigation design. Analogies and relations can be established between the spatial organization and the program structure of the architectural project and the corresponding properties of a multimedia work. The cultural multimedia of the period 1990-2005 have been analysed with the aim of discovering innovative elements in the design of the graphical and interactive interface. These innovations represent new artistic programs and have contributed to the gradual emergence of a new language, specific to the digital space of interactive multimedia. A new habitus of artistic production has developed on the legacy of the old means of expression and on the assimilation of new media.

Cette recherche est fondée sur un constat très simple : le développement dit durable est plus qu’un effet du moment, il est une condition sine qua non des établissements humains de l’avenir. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif est d’interroger la profession d’architecte et sa capacité d’adaptation aux problématiques sociétales et environnementales. Notre travail consiste à analyser, de manière transversale, des opérations contemporaines de logements conçues par des maîtres d'œuvres adoptant une démarche durable, dans le but de :- Définir les enjeux architecturaux du développement durable,- Identifier des approches de conception répondant à ces enjeux,- Mettre en exergue les adaptations, innovations et transformations de la conception architecturale répondant aux enjeux du développement durable,- Recenser les freins à la conception et la réalisation de logements durables. Pour y parvenir, nous avons sélectionné 7 opérations de logements construites en Europe entre 2005 et 2015.Les opérations et les maîtres d'œuvre étudiés ont été primés pour la qualité durable de leur travail. Ce corpus a été analysé à travers une grille d’analyse originale. L’étude sur documents a été accompagnée d’une série de rencontres avec tous les acteurs du projet, ainsi que d'entretiens avec différents acteurs de la construction du logement. Au total, nous avons réalisé plus de 80 entretiens durant cette thèse. Enfin, une convention CIFRE a été mise en place avec le bailleur social EFIDIS, filiale du groupe SNI, dans le but de nourrir l'identification des approches durables et des obstacles à la conception puis à la réalisation de logements durables, en recherchant une vision globale du projet. Notre recherche a permis de proposer une nouvelle grille de lecture des enjeux architecturaux du développement durable, en dépassant la définition institutionnelle et ses trois piliers liés à la durabilité (environnement, économie et social).Ce faisant, nous avons mis en exergue trois enjeux spécifiques à la conception de logements durables. Il s'agit des enjeux de l'énergie, de la pérennité et de la prise en compte du milieu. A ces enjeux répondent différentes approches de conception. L'enjeu énergétique est ainsi associé à des approches "actives" et "passives" de conception, qui s'entremêlent dans le projet dans ce que nous avons nommé une approche "hybride" de conception. De son côté, l'enjeu de la pérennité nécessite une considération des usages et de leur évolution, ainsi qu'un travail sur les techniques constructives. Enfin, l'enjeu de prise en compte du milieu suppose une approche de conception située, ainsi qu'une intégration de l'empreinte écologique du projet. Dans un second temps, notre travail a porté sur l'identification des obstacles à la réalisation et à la diffusion de l'architecture durable. L'omniprésence de la question énergétique, implémentée par les réglementations et labels et résolue par des réponses techniques, qui omettent l'usage, représente le premier obstacle auquel sont confrontés les concepteurs. Il se compète d'un frein lié au surcoût que représente l'intégration du développement durable dans le projet. Enfin, dans un contexte de financiarisation de la production du logement, le jeu d'acteurs autour de l'intégration des principes du développement durable conduit à un défaut de prise de responsabilité de la part des différents acteurs de la construction / This research is based on a simple observation: sustainable development is more than a trend, it is a mandatory condition for the human settlements of the future. In this context, our goal is to investigate the architects’ capacity of adapting to the sustainable development conditions. Our work consists in cross-analyzing contemporary housing projects, conceived by architects that pursue a “sustainable approach” of design, in an attempt to :- Define the architectural challenges of sustainable development,- Identify conceptual approaches in order to answer these challenges,- Put forward the adaptation, transformation and innovation in architectural conception, responding to the challenges of sustainable development,- Document the different obstacles in conceiving and realizing sustainable housing. In order to achieve that, we have selected 7 housing projects built in Europe between 2005 and 2015. The studied projects and architects received awards for the "sustainability" of their work. These projects were analyzed through an original analytical grid. The analysis based on documents was confronted to a series of meetings with all the project participants, as well as with interviews with different actors of the housing construction industry. In total, we realized over 80 interviews during this PhD. Finally, we established a CIFRE convention with the public housing company EDIFIS, owned by the SNI Group, in order to help identifying the approaches and obstacles in the conception and construction of sustainable housing, while seeking a global approach of the project. Our research has allowed us to propose a new reference grid of the architectural challenges of sustainable development, beyond the institutional definition and the three pillars of sustainability (environment, economy, social).In doing so, we highlighted three specific challenges to the design of sustainable housing. Those challenges are : energy, "sustainability" and the "environment". At these challenges answer various approaches of conception. The energy challenge is associated to "active" and "passive" approaches of conception, which become entangled in the project in what we named a "hybrid" approach of design. The "sustainability" challenge requires the consideration of the uses and their evolution, as well as a study of the constructive techniques. Finally, the "environmental" challenge implies a situated approach of conception, as well as an integration of the ecological footprint of the project. Our work also concerned the identification of obstacles to the realization and diffusion of sustainable architecture. The omnipresence of energy requirements, implemented by the regulations and labels, which are answered by technical solutions that omit the uses, represents the first obstacle with which the designers are confronted. It is followed by an obstacle linked to the additional cost caused by the integration of sustainability in the project. Finally, in a context of financialization of housing production, the actor's game around the integration of sustainability principles leads to a lack of assumption of responsibility on behalf of the various actors of construction

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarizoVP.pdf: 4894684 bytes, checksum: 6f0e9e9cb330df448c32101a1015a14b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-19 / This study explores the architectural conception process using the Architecturologie as an instrument of analysis, based on Enseigner la Conception Architecturale (2000), developed by Boudon - architect, lecturer and French researcher. It begins with the selection of local architect?s works, Jo?o Maur?cio Fernandes de Miranda, which resulted in six non residential projects developed between 1961 and 1981. Architectural readings were developed, with emphasis in the identification of architecturological scales, their functions, relationship and modality of occurrence / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a concep??o arquitetural, tendo como refer?ncia a Arquiteturologia, abordagem desenvolvida por Philippe Boudon, arquiteto, professor e pesquisador franc?s. A partir de um recorte temporal (anos 1961/1981) foi feita uma sele??o na produ??o do arquiteto potiguar Jo?o Maur?cio Fernandes de Miranda, reunindo seis exemplares - projetos de uso n?o-residencial, sobre os quais foram realizadas leituras arquiteturol?gicas. O objetivo Geral da pesquisa ? exercitar o uso da metodologia de trabalho desenvolvida por Philippe Boudon e equipe em sua obra Enseigner la Conception Architecturale (2000), com ?nfase especial na identifica??o das escalas arquiteturol?gicas, suas fun??es, rela??es e modalidades de ocorr?ncia. A Arquiteturologia, portanto, sendo utilizada como instrumento de estudo da concep??o arquitetural