This thesis explores the system of architectural education in the Middle East Technical University Department of Architecture between 1956 and 1980. The formation and the transformation of the system of architectural education in the school are investigated with references to the evolution of the social, political, economic and architectural context of Turkey in the period and the systems of architectural education applied in the country. The education in the Department of Architecture not only formed its system according to the Bauhaus program as applied in the postwar American context, but also transformed it with changing architectural theory and the design methodology. Both the school&#039 / s system of architectural education and the institutional identity established by the school provided significant contributions to the institutionalization of architectural education in Turkey. Besides, in the following decades, the school&#039 / s system of education became basic model for other institutions in the country in re-structuring their systems. In this respect, by focusing on the M.E.T.U. Department of Architecture&#039 / s system of architectural education, this study aims to be a history of the Middle East Technical University and the social, political, economic and architectural context of the period as well.

Manufacturing globalization and sustainable development compel production enterprises to continuously seek improvements in their products performance, customization, environmental friendliness, cost, and delivery time. The challenges of this competition cannot be completely addressed through improving production processes because some issues can only be solved through more innovative design. This thesis investigates a new design paradigm called Design for Adaptability or Adaptable Design (AD) to address some of these challenges. The purpose of AD is to extend the utility of designs and products. An adaptable design allows manufacturers to quickly develop new and upgraded models or customized products through adapting existing designs with proven quality and costs. An adaptable product can be utilized under varying service requirements thus prevents premature product replacement. Design adaptability and product adaptability provide economical and environmental benefits of AD. <p> To make a product adaptable, its adaptability must be built-in during the design stage. Methods of design for predetermined adaptations are categorized as Specific AD; these methods design products for versatility, upgrading, variety, and customization. Several of these methods such as modular/platform design and design for upgrading have been studied for mechanical design. In the absence of predetermined adaptations, AD aims to increase the general adaptability of products. General AD involves fundamental research in design theory and methodology in order to develop practical design methods and guidelines. This thesis introduces several original concepts and proposes the subordination of a system to a rational functional structure as an approach for increasing general adaptability. Such a system would consist of a hierarchical assembly of autonomous functional modules, emulating the adaptable architecture of a rational functional structure. Methods and guidelines are proposed for making the design of mechanical systems closer to this ideal architecture. <p> Accordingly, the thesis proposes a methodology for AD in which specific AD is performed first to take advantage of available forecast information, and then general AD is performed in order to increase adaptability to unforeseen changes. Also, a measure has been defined for the assessment of adaptability. The application of this methodology has been demonstrated through several conceptual design examples.

Housing projects assigned in architecture design studio are considered as an exercise having several pedagogical objectives which constitute a suitable ground of maturation for students after completing their first and second year design studio. The aim of the research is to make an overview of the way housing design projects are conducted in the third year architectural design studio at the Middle East Technical University Department of Architecture, focusing on the last five years in particular. But in the first place, the background of housing assignments is reviewed in order to understand how teaching methods and problem definitions have evolved in the past. The objectives and the learning outcomes expected from these studio exercises, the approaches and tendencies that determine the way the project exercises are examined and lastly the teaching methods, strategies and tools are studied depending on the written and visual documents related to the studio works and interviews with the studio critics.

A mudança nas relações funcionais entre os agentes da indústria da construção civil, a velocidade dos avanços tecnológicos e a intensa competitividade entre os escritórios de arquitetura evidenciam uma necessidade crescente de organização do processo de projeto, cujo aprimoramento pode ser alcançado através do uso de metodologias sistemáticas. Entretanto, a ininteligibilidade e a falta de domínio do processo criativo do arquiteto resultam, muitas vezes, em sistemas metodológicos ineficazes, devido à deficiência de ferramentas que suportem a criatividade do projetista, na fase de concepção das idéias. A Teoria da Solução Inventiva de Problemas (TRIZ) é uma metodologia que direciona o processo criativo, através da proposição de Princípios Inventivos (PIs) e identificação de padrões na evolução dos sistemas. Conceituando a contradição como um elemento chave para a criação, é baseada em pesquisas de patentes mundiais de vários campos do conhecimento. Estudos preliminares, identificando diversos princípios da TRIZ em soluções arquitetônicas existentes, incentivaram-nos à exploração da metodologia na área da arquitetura, objetivo deste trabalho. Na tentativa de uma primeira validação do modelo, realizou-se um estudo de caso no Conjunto Residencial da USP (CRUSP), no qual a teoria foi utilizada para solucionar o problema de adequação da acessibilidade dos edifícios às pessoas portadoras de deficiência física. O estudo de caso demonstrou que a TRIZ é uma alternativa metodológica para a fase inicial do processo de projeto arquitetônico, à medida em que possui ferramentas para sistematizar o conhecimento do problema, delimitar o espaço de busca por soluções e sinalizar as idéias potencialmente relevantes. / The modification in the functional relationships among the project players of the building construction industry, the speed of technological advances and the strong competitiveness among the architectural offices are indications of a growing need for organization of the design process, whose improvement has been achieved through systematic methodologies. However, the unintelligibility and lack of management of the architect's creative process result, a lot of times, in ineffective methodological systems, caused by a deficiency of tools that support the designer's creativity in the phase of conceptual design. The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is a methodology that improves the creative process through the propositions of Inventive Principles (IPs) and identification of some patterns in the evolution of the systems. The theory considers the contradiction as the key element for innovation and it is based on researches about worldwide patents of several fields of knowledge. Preliminary studies identified several TRIZ Principles in existent architectural solutions and motivated us to the exploration of the methodology in this field, which was the goal of this work. In the attempt of a first validation of the model, a case study was accomplished in the Residential Building of Universidade de São Paulo (CRUSP), using TRIZ to solve the problem of adaptation of the buildings for accessibility by disabled people. The case study demonstrated that TRIZ is a methodological alternative for the early phases of architectural design process, because it includes tools to systematize the problem knowledge, to delimit the search space for solutions and to signal the ideas potentially relevant.

Os métodos de avaliação do processo de projeto podem ser considerados fatores importantes para o sucesso do empreendimento e da organização, pois, por meio deles, torna-se possível medir o desempenho do processo e identificar seus pontos críticos, além de garantir subsídios à tomada de decisões fundamentadas. Dessa maneira, a avaliação do processo de projeto pode ser considerada uma das maneiras de conduzir as organizações a níveis mais elevados de competitividade,por meio da melhoria da eficiência do processo de desenvolvimento de projeto,melhor atendimento às necessidades dos clientes e melhoria contínua dos processos, serviços e produtos. As empresas, inclusive as de projeto de arquitetura,devem realizar avaliações e retroalimentações sistemáticas de seus processos. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e discutir a eficiência e eficácia dos métodos empregados na avaliação do processo de projeto de arquitetura sob a ótica da gestão da qualidade, observando as interfaces entre todos os agentes participantes desse processo. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental sobre o tema, além de pesquisa de campo, que contemplou a realização de estudos de caso em quatro empresas de projeto de arquitetura e quatro empresas contratantes desse tipo de projeto, todas atuantes na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Como resultado, foi elaborada uma proposta inicial que consiste em uma lista de questões consideradas importantes para o desenvolvimento do processo de projeto de arquitetura com eficiência e qualidade, bem como as possíveis formas de avaliação que poderiam ser realizadas pelas empresas de arquitetura e seus clientes. Foi possível identificar e discutir a eficiência e a eficácia dos métodos e mecanismos de avaliação realmente propostos pelas empresas, a retroalimentação de informações como subsídio para a tomada de ações de melhoria e a contribuição dos resultados das avaliações e retroalimentações para o aumento de desempenho do processo de projeto. / The design process evaluation methods are important factors both to project and organization success. Through the evaluation methods it is possible to measure the performance of processes, to identify their critical points and bottlenecks, and besides to guarantee a better decision-making. Thus, the evaluation methods of design process can be considered a way to lead organizations to a high competitive level through the improvement of design process efficiency by means of a better meeting of clients needs and the continuous improvement of processes, services, and products. The design firms, including architectural design offices, have to evaluate and feedback their processes in a systematic way. The main objective of this work is to identify and discuss the efficiency and effectiveness of methods used in the evaluation of the architectural design process based on quality management concepts, and the relationships between designers and the other stakeholders involved in. Firstly, in order to develop this research, a literature review and documental studies were carried out. Then, a field research at São Paulo city was conducted throughout four case studies in architectural design firms and four case studies involving their clients. As result, it was elaborated an initial proposal including a list of the main points of the architectural design process that should be evaluated, as well as some possible evaluation methods that the design firms and their clients can use. It was possible to identify and discuss the efficiency and effectiveness of evaluation methods actually proposed, the information feedback and their contribution to increase the design process performance.

With the arrival of a new generation of sophisticated smartphones, possibilities for mobile video usage are presenting exciting new opportunities. This Master&apos;s thesis is based on a collaboration with Picsearch to design and implement a software component that enables the company&apos;s video services in Android smartphones.

Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena Celani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T01:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martino_JarryerAndradede_D.pdf: 15987793 bytes, checksum: e3e7fece0c549d866ab2fb31f75bd0c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O projeto de arquitetura é composto por diferentes variáveis que precisam ser constantemente negociadas, algumas delas envolvem situações contraditórias, aumentando a complexidade da solução do problema. Os algoritmos evolutivos correspondem a um conjunto de técnicas que contribuem para a solução desse tipo de problema, e que podem ser incorporados ao sistema generativo de projeto de maneira a potencializar a obtenção de melhores resultados. Para isso, foi necessário entender a teoria evolucionista e os seus principais mecanismos, a estruturação e a implementação dos algoritmos evolutivos no ambiente computacional, e a sistematização do processo de projeto como base para o desenvolvimento de um método evolutivo. Dessa forma, foi definido um quadro teórico composto pelos principais eventos e conceitos relacionados à teoria evolucionista, à computação evolutiva e à discussão na década de 1960 sobre a sistematização do processo de projeto como uma sequência operativa capaz de registrar o processo mental do projetista, e o método evolutivo de projeto de arquitetura, sendo apresentada a sua estrutura, os componentes e exemplos. Embora esse método tivesse sido implementado na arquitetura na década de 1960, foi verificado que as aplicações estavam bastante restritas, limitando-se a trabalhos acadêmicos em universidades específicas. O domínio de uma linguagem de programação e a falta de clareza e apropriação dos vocabulários, conceitos e técnicas desenvolvidas pela Computação Evolutiva dificultaram a sua implementação como método de projeto na arquitetura e urbanismo. Atualmente, existem recursos digitais que facilitam a implementação desse método de maneira simplificada sem perder a eficiência do método, justificando a sua retomada como um método de projeto pelos arquitetos e urbanistas. Dessa forma, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram os de organizar o conteúdo teórico dos algoritmos evolutivos de maneira a esclarecer a sua estrutura, o vocabulário, os conceitos básicos e os mecanismos que os envolvem, de definir como ocorre a sua relação com o elemento arquitetônico e com o método de projeto, da identificação de uma ferramenta computacional capaz de facilitar a sua implementação e o de apresentar situações concretas em que os arquitetos e urbanistas possam utilizá-los. Como resultado foi possível verificar que não existe dificuldade no entendimento do mecanismo evolutivo como possível recurso para o desenvolvimento de um método de projeto, mas sim, a necessidade de maior domínio sobre a ferramenta de programação que não estaria relacionada diretamente com o sistema evolutivo, mas sim, com a descrição algorítmica através de um código computacional de todo processo de projeto / Abstract: The architecture design is composed by different variables that need to be negotiated, some of them involve contradictory situations, increasing the complexity of the solution. The evolutionary algorithms are set by techniques that contribute to obtain solutions for this kind of problems, and they also may be incorporated in a project generative system in a way that potentiate the best results obtaining. For this it was necessary to understand the evolutionary theory and its main mechanisms, the structuring and implementation of evolutionary algorithms in computational environment, and the systematization of the design process as a base of an evolutionary design method development. Thus, it was important to define a theoretical framework from the main events and concepts related to the evolutionary theory, the evolutionary computation and to the discussion in the 1960s about the systematization of the design process as an operative sequence capable of registering the mental process of the designer and the evolutionary design method on architecture with their components and examples. Although this method had been implemented in architecture in the 1960s, its application was quite restricted to academic works development in some specific universities. The necessity of the knowledge of programming language, vocabulary, concepts and techniques from evolutionary computation made the implementation difficult as a project method in architecture and urbanism. Currently, there are digital resources that facilitate the method simplified implementation without losing its efficiency, justifying its resumption as a design method by architects and urban planners. Moreover, the objectives of this research were to organize the content about evolutionary algorithms, clarifying its structure, vocabulary, basic concepts and the involved mechanisms, to define its relationship with the architectural element and the project method, to identify a computational tool that facilitates the implementation and to present the real situations which architects can use them. As a result it was possible to validate that there is no difficulty in understanding the evolutionary algorithm as possible resource for the methodology development of a design, yet, the necessity to have more experience in the utilization of programming tool. This tool is not directly related to the evolutionary system, but with the algorithmic description through the computational implementation by any project codes / Doutorado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Doutor em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

The occurrence of transient faults like soft errors in computer circuits poses a significant challenge to the reliability of computer systems. Soft error, which occurs when the energetic neutrons coming from space or the alpha particles arising out of packaging materials hit the transistors, may manifest themselves as a bit flip in the memory element or as a transient glitch generated at any internal node of combinational logic, which may subsequently propagate to and be captured in a latch. Although the problem of soft errors was earlier only a concern for space applications, aggressive technology scaling trends have exacerbated the problem to modern VLSI systems even for terrestrial applications. In this dissertation, we explore techniques at all levels of the design flow to reduce the vulnerability of VLSI systems against soft errors without compromising on other design metrics like delay, area and power. We propose new models for estimating soft errors for storage structures and combinational logic. While soft errors in caches are estimated using the vulnerability metric, soft errors in logic circuits are estimated using two new metrics called the glitch enabling probability (GEP) and the cumulative probability of observability (CPO). These metrics, based on signal probabilities of nets, accurately model soft errors in radiation-aware synthesis algorithms and helps in efficient exploration of the design solution space during optimization. At the physical design level, we leverage the use of larger netlengths to provide larger RC ladders for effectively filtering out the transient glitches. Towards this, a new heuristic has been developed to selectively assign larger wirelengths to certain critical nets. This reduces the delay and area overhead while improving the immunity to soft errors. Based on this, we propose two placement algorithms based on simulated annealing and quadratic programming which significantly reduce the soft error rates of circuits. At the circuit level, we develop techniques for hardening circuit nodes using a novel radiation jammer technique. The proposed technique is based on the principles of a RC differentiator and is used to isolate the driven cell from the driving cell which is being hit by a radiation strike. Since the blind insertion of radiation blocker cells on all circuit nodes is expensive, candidate nodes are selected for insertion of these cells using a new metric called the probability of radiation blocker circuit insertion (PRI). We investigate a gate sizing algorithm, at the logic level, in which we simultaneously optimize both the soft error rate (SER) and the crosstalk noise besides the power and performance of circuits while considering the effect of process variations. The reliability centric gate sizing technique has been formulated as a mathematical program and is efficiently solved. At the architectural level, we develop solutions for the correction of multi-bit errors in large L2 caches by controlling or mining the redundancy in the memory hierarchy and methods to increase the amount of redundancy in the memory hierarchy by employing a redundancy-based replacement policy, in which the amount of redundancy is controlled using a user defined redundancy threshold. The novel architectures and the new reliability-centric synthesis algorithms proposed for the various design abstraction levels have been shown to achieve significant reduction of soft error rates in current nanometer circuits. The design techniques, algorithms and architectures can be integrated into existing design flows. A VLSI system implementation can leverage on the architectural solutions for the reliability of the caches while the custom hardware synthesized for the VLSI system can be protected against radiation strikes by utilizing the circuit level, logic level and layout level optimization algorithms that have been developed.

No description available.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal o conhecimento e o reconhecimento de dez edifícios de feições brutalistas do estado do Piauí. Por meio de um reconhecimento arquitetônico, crítico e referenciado dessas obras, construídas nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, procura-se compreender os seus valores projetuais, a relevância das mesmas na identidade da paisagem urbana em que se inserem e a origem e as peculiaridades do seu contexto de criação e implantação. Esta pesquisa leva em consideração os pormenores locais e as individuais contribuições intelectuais dos arquitetos, fatores que, vinculados a um contexto arquitetônico nacional, originaram exemplares concretos, cujos reconhecimento e interpretação se fazem necessários para melhor compreensão da cultura arquitetônica estadual e seu desdobramento nos âmbitos regional e nacional. Apesar de o caráter brutalista ser o denominador comum e o ponto de partida para o estudo do conjunto edificado, a pesquisa não se reduz a uma abordagem exiguamente estilística, pela crença de que uma categorização não é suficiente, nem mesmo determinante para a compreensão desses exemplares arquitetônicos, devendo os mesmos serem analisados como parcela do seu próprio contexto. Dessa forma, toma-se como princípio o enfoque propriamente arquitetônico da investigação, em que é \"a própria realidade da obra que se constitui objeto e oportunidade de pensamento\"(OYARZÚN; ARAVENA; QUINTANILLA et al., 2007, p. 11). Assim, por meio do estudo das obras em si, apoiado por documentos que elucidam suas características originais, realizou-se um trabalho de documentação e análise, considerando a importância desse conjunto para o patrimônio arquitetônico piauiense e para os ambientes urbanos, tendo em vista sua preservação e valorização, assim como o fortalecimento da historiografia arquitetônica piauiense. / This paper has as main purpose the acknowledgement and understanding of ten edifices of brutalist features in the state of Piauí. By meanings of architectonic, critic and referenced recognition of these buildings, constructed in the 1970s and 1980s, it is intended to comprehend its design value, their relevance in the identity of the urban landscape as well as the origin and peculiarities of their creation and implantation context. This research considers the local singularities and the individual intellectual contribution of the architects, factors which, associated to the national architectural scene, originated concrete precedent, making it necessary its interpretation and recognition to better comprehend the architectural culture of the state and its unraveling in the regional and national purview. Despite the brutalist characteristic being the common denominator and the starting point for the study of the edifice lot, the research is not reduced to a particularly stylistic approach, for believing that a mere categorization is insufficient, nor is decisive for the comprehension of this architectonic examples, these must be analyzed as a fraction of its own context. Thus being, a properly architectonic focus is taken as principle, where as \"the own reality of the product that constitutes object and opportunity of reflection\" (OYARZÚN; ARAVENA; QUINTANILLA, 2007, p.11). This way, by the study of the structure of the buildings, supported by documentation that clarify its original characteristics, a work of documentation and analysis was accomplished, considering the importance of this lot of architectonic heritage of Piauí and to other urban settlements, in behalf of its preservation and estimation, as well as the fortification of architectural historiography of Piauí.