Les solutions basées sur le logiciel/matériel jouent un rôle important dans le domaine de l'automobile. Il est de plus en plus fréquent que l’implémentation de certaines fonctions jusqu’ici réalisées par des composants mécaniques, se fasse dans les véhicules d’aujourd’hui par des composants électroniques embarquant du logiciel. Cette tendance conduit à un grand nombre de fonctions implémentées comme un ensemble de composants logiciels déployés sur unités de commande électronique (ECU). Par conséquent, la quantité de code embarqué dans les automobiles est estimée à des dizaines de giga-octets et le nombre d’ECU de l’ordre de la centaine. Les pratiques actuelles de développement deviennent donc inefficaces et sont en cours d’évolution. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer aux efforts actuels qui consistent à introduire l’utilisation de l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles dans la conception d’architectures automobiles basées sur le logiciel/matériel. Une première série de contributions de cette thèse porte sur la proposition de techniques pour soutenir les activités décrites dans la méthodologie automobile établie par le langage EAST-ADL2 et le standard AUTOSAR dont l’objectif principal est l'intégration de l'architecture logicielle avec la plate-forme matérielle. Bien que de nombreux travaux sur la synthèse d’architectures existent, cette thèse met en exergue les principaux défauts les empêchant de pleinement supporter la méthodologie EAST-ADL2/AUTOSAR et propose de nouvelles techniques aidant à surmonter les déficiences actuelles. Une deuxième série de contributions concerne les approches de modélisation. L'utilisation de langages de modélisation généralistes (dans le sens non spécifique à un domaine industriel donné) comme SysML et MARTE bien que bénéfique, n'a pas encore trouvé une manière d'être pleinement exploité par les constructeurs automobiles. Cela concerne en particulier la modélisation d’une spécification analysable et l'optimisation des préoccupations qui permettrait d’effectuer des analyses et optimisations à base de modèles. Ce travail définit une méthodologie et les concepts nécessaires à la construction de modèles d'analyse et d'optimisation de ces systèmes. / Hardware/software based solutions play significant role in the automotive domain. It is common that the implementation of certain functions that was done in a mechanical manner, in nowadays cars is done through the software and hardware. This tendency lead to the substantial number of functions operating as a set of software components deployed into hardware entities, i.e. Electronic Control Units (ECU). As a consequence the capacity of the overall code is estimated as tens of gigabytes and the number of ECUs reaches more than 100. Consequently the industrial state of the practice development approaches become inefficient. The objective of this thesis is to add to the current efforts trying to employ the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) in the context of the automotive SW/HW architectures design. First set of contributions relates to the guided strategies supporting the key engineering activities of the automotive methodology established by the EAST-\ADL2 language and the AUTOSAR standard. The main is the integration of the software architecture with the hardware platform. Although the amount of work on the synthesis is substantial, this thesis presents shortcomings of the existing approaches that disable them to fully support the EAST-ADL2/AUTOSAR methodology and delivers new techniques overcoming the current deficiencies. Second contribution concerns approaches for the modeling. Surprisingly the usage of general purpose modeling languages such as the SysML and MARTE although beneficial, haven’t found its way yet to be fully exploited by the automotive OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer). This especially relates to the modeling of the analyzable input and the optimization concerns which would enable triggering of the analysis and optimization directly from the models level. This work shows a way and defines additional concepts, necessary to construct analysis and optimization models.

From the 1970s to the present time, the World Health Organization (WHO) explains the importance of health promotion in the world. The increased interest in promoting health and increasing health costs for the economies contributed to the recognition of health care as an important area of research. One of the most important aspects of these research currently is the Telehealth, using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to try to provide universal access to health. The use of Interactive Digital TV technology helps in accessing remote locations and creates the opportunity to distribute applications across their infrastructure. Dealing with the problems that arise from the convergence of these concepts is of great importance. The architectural description process helps in the development of applications and systems based on the referenced concepts. However, there are no frameworks to help the description of architectures for this particular domain. This paper proposes the ARCHealth an enterprise architecture framework created to assist the architecture development process in accordance with ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011. The ARCHealth was based on the principles of primary health care, taking into account the main concerns of stakeholders and the specific area. / Desde a década de 1970 até o presente momento, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) expõe a importância da promoção da saúde no mundo. O aumento do interesse na promoção da saúde e os custos de saúde crescentes para as economias contribuíram para o reconhecimento dos cuidados à saúde como uma importante área de pesquisa. Uma das vertentes mais importantes dessas pesquisas atualmente, é a Telehealth, que utiliza das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) para tentar prover acesso universal à saúde. O uso da TV Digital Interativa auxilia no acesso a locais remotos e cria a oportunidade de distribuir aplicações através de sua infraestrutura. Lidar com os problemas que surgem a partir da convergência desses conceitos é de grande importância. O processo de descrição de arquitetura auxilia no desenvolvimento de aplicações e sistemas baseados nos conceitos referenciados. Porém, não existem muitos frameworks que auxiliem a descrição de arquiteturas para esse domínio específico. Este trabalho propõe o ARCHealth, um enterprise architecture framework criado para auxiliar o processo de desenvolvimento de arquitetura em conformidade com a norma ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011. O ARCHealth foi elaborado com base nos princípios de Atenção Primária à Saúde, levando em consideração as principais preocupações das partes interessadas e do domínio específico.