Esse trabalho investiga um processo de projetar em Arquitetura. Procura explorar com profundidade o contexto no qual vai ser implantada a construção definida na elaboração do projeto. Significa atender ao maior conjunto possível de necessidades e demandas do projeto, seu ajuste com a construção das partes e as especulações intermediárias até a volumetria resultante. A forma final será encontrada na busca da melhor configuração das partes tectônicas e simbólicas da edificação idealizada. Para explicar o processo simulamos sua aplicação num projeto para uma escola contemporânea: a Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. Como referência para o programa de necessidades utilizamos aqui o programa atual da Escola de Aplicação, comparado ao padrão de recomendações aplicado no Reino Unido, e após a análise de ambos, propomos um novo programa que leva em consideração as duas demandas. O sitio físico localiza-se na Cidade Universitária e constitui um exemplo interessante para demonstrar a interação sitio / programa / projeto. Na simulação do processo de projeto aplica-se um método desenvolvido pelo arquiteto Joaquim Guedes conhecido por diagramas lineares, como meio de investigação na busca da forma. Em conjunto, realizam-se estudos sobre a possibilidade de admissão da iluminação natural nos ambientes, juntamente com uma proposta construtiva baseada num módulo regulador de projeto e construção. / This work deals with a design process in Architecture. It attempts to explore as much as possible the contextual aspects regarding site and building construction. It also means to consider the set of people needs and demands. At the same time speculations on the scheme of building parts must be considered. The final form is the result of this search. This would lead to the best constructive and symbolic idealized building configuration. To explain the process we simulated its application on a contemporary school project - the Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. As reference to the briefing framework, we used the actual program of this school compared to the guidelines recommendation for schools buildings developed in the United Kingdom, and after studying them, we propose a new brief that consider both demands. The site is located on the University Campus and it represents an interesting example to demonstrate the interaction between site, brief and project. For the process simulation we applied a method developed by the architect Joaquim Guedes known as linear diagrams. This method easy the way to find project form. As part of the process a research was made to admit natural light in the rooms, besides the search for the best design metric standards.

Trata-se da constatação de que o ensino de desenho arquitetônico, nas escolas brasileiras de arquitetura, apresenta um quadro pouco positivo, em que os alunos não utilizam adequadamente a representação gráfica do desenho técnico arquitetônico na criação e na produção do objeto de arquitetura. Fica evidente o pouco domínio dessa ferramenta básica, necessária ao exercício da profissão de arquiteto, o que compromete seu bom desempenho. O trabalho se dá a partir da fundamentação teórica sobre a matéria, seguindo-se com a elaboração e aplicação de um questionário a professores de desenho arquitetônico e de CAD, o levantamento e análise de manuais ainda em uso por professores e alunos e, por fim, entrevistas com arquitetos e/ou professores. Os resultados nos instigam à auto-reflexão e à revisão de algumas posturas, a fim de contribuir para a qualidade do ensino de arquitetura e urbanismo e, conseqüentemente, para uma melhor capacitação profissional do arquiteto. / This work analyses the teaching of architectural drawing at Brazilian schools of architecture, coming to a general picture which is not a good one, for the students do not use correctly the graphic representation of the architectural technical drawing, when creating or producing the object of architecture. Such lack of knowledge for using this basic tool, which is so necessary to the architects, endangers their professional performance. The works presents a theoretical foundation on architectural drawing; a questionary apllied to the teachers of architectural drawing and CAD; a list and analysis of manuals in use by teacher and stundents; and, eventually, interviews with architects and/or teachers. The results instigate us to reconsider our role and to review our positions, in order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of the architecture and urbanism teaching and, as a consequence, to a better professional performance of the architects.

<p>Centralna tema ovog istraživanje je primena ćelijskog automata računarskog modela u procesu projektovanja školskih zgrada. Istraživanje dominantno obrađuje teme vezane za upotrebu savremenih računarskih tehnologija u procesu arhitektonskog projektovanja, a primenjeno konkretno na školske objekte.</p> / <p>The central theme of this research is the application of the cellular automata computer model in the design of school buildings. Research tends to examine a large number of contemporary architectural design dillemas, foremost the subject of usage of modern informational technologies in architecture, applied to school buildings.</p>

In recent years, with only small fractions of modern processors now accessible in a single cycle, computer architects constantly fight against propagation issues across the die. Unfortunately this trend continues to shift inward, and now the even most internal features of the pipeline are designed around communication, not computation. To address the inward creep of this constraint, this work focuses on the characterization of communication within the pipeline itself, architectural techniques to avoid it when possible, and layout co-design for early detection of problems. I present work in creating a novel detection tool for common case operand movement which can rapidly characterize an applications dataflow patterns. The results produced are suitable for exploitation as a small number of patterns can describe a significant portion of modern applications. Work on dynamic dependence collapsing takes the observations from the pattern results and shows how certain groups of operations can be dynamically grouped, avoiding unnecessary communication between individual instructions. This technique also amplifies the efficiency of pipeline data structures such as the reorder buffer, increasing both IPC and frequency. I also identify the same sets of collapsible instructions at compile time, producing the same benefits with minimal hardware complexity. This technique is also done in a backward compatible manner as the groups are exposed by simple reordering of the binarys instructions. I present aggressive pipelining approaches for these resources which avoids the critical timing often presumed necessary in aggressive superscalar processors. As these structures are designed for the worst case, pipelining them can produce greater frequency benefit than IPC loss. I also use the observation that the dynamic issue order for instructions in aggressive superscalar processors is predictable. Thus, a hardware mechanism is introduced for caching the wakeup order for groups of instructions efficiently. These wakeup vectors are then used to speculatively schedule instructions, avoiding the dynamic scheduling when it is not necessary. Finally, I present a novel approach to fast and high-quality chip layout. By allowing architects to quickly evaluate what if scenarios during early high-level design, chip designs are less likely to encounter implementation problems later in the process.

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To build for living is to understand that built form exists only in relationship to the life that occupies it and that human life is better when it is in constant interaction with the built environment; we design it, build it, and change it as we design, build, and change our selves. Making your own place and changing it over time is an important component of living one's life to its fullest. To explore these issues, designs were made for an adaptable building type - the "mountain hut," a temporary accommodation for its wandering inhabitants. Designing it twice, as well as relocating the initial building type across the globe, from the mountains of Sierra Nevada to the Himalayas in Nepal, provided an opportunity to compare and understand the influences of local environmental and cultural conditions on the building's adaptability, as well as the level of interactivity its inhabitants could experience as they occupied and transformed the dwelling. Both designs incorporate sustainable design principles, which strengthen the overall comparison of climatic responses and the use of local materials and building technologies. / Department of Architecture

Thesis (M.S.); Submitted to Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US); 19 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "IS-T 2196" Rahul Ravindrudu. US Department of Energy 12/19/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Technische Universiteit Delft, c2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [223]-244) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Technische Universiteit Delft, c2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [223]-244) and index.

A partir da segunda metade do século XX, o futebol consolidou-se como um importante ramo da indústria do entretenimento no Brasil e assim sendo, deflagrou a necessidade de se projetar novos estádios, mais eficientes especialmente no que tange os processos de requalificação do seu entorno construído. O crescimento desordenado das cidades brasileiras a partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970, conjugado ao desenvolvimento da indústria do futebol expuseram a incapacidade dos grandes estádios brasileiros, construídos na sua maioria em concreto armado durante o regime militar, de se tornarem peças centrais em processos de regeneração urbana e nem mesmo de acomodar com qualidade seus espectadores. Portanto, o presente trabalho visa reavaliar o arquétipo do estádio de futebol contemporâneo verificando a presença de estratégias projetuais que permitam a estes edifícios tornarem-se qualificadores do espaço construído, especialmente neste momento em que o país será sede de mega eventos esportivos, como a Copa do Mundo e os jogos olímpicos. Além disto, a organização destas competições, juntamente com a consolidação da industria esportiva nacional, deve ser compreendida como uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento de sistemas de infraestrutura urbana e políticas sociais que contribuam para a regeneração de áreas urbanas subutilizadas. Sendo assim, o presente resumo sintetiza os resultados obtidos com a dissertação de mestrado intitulada: O estádio contemporâneo: uma arquitetura regeneradora do seu tecido urbano. Inicialmente, o trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica em periódicos internacionais, como: European Urban Studies, Urban Environment, Built Environment, Town Planning Review, Annals of Regional Science, Economic Development Quarterly, Urban Studies, Tourism Management, Journal of Sport Management, Leisure Studies, World Leisure and Recreation Studies, Journal of Urban Affairs, Sb Magazine. Posteriormente, a metodologia aplicada a pesquisa utilizou-se da análise de estudos de caso, que apontaram os aspectos arquitetônicos que contribuíram para que os edifícios analisados tornassem-se regeneradores, e não desagregadores de seu contexto urbano. Portanto, o estudo concentrou-se na análise dos estádios de futebol contemporâneos, construídos como sedes de competições internacionais, a partir da compreensão das estratégias projetuais presentes nestes edifícios propostos como requalificadores de seu contexto urbano. Os resultados obtidos pelo estudo indicaram que as tendências arquitetônicas apresentadas pelos estádios contemporâneos são consequências de transformações morfológicas ocorridas durante o século XX que incorporaram ao edifício novas tecnologias e sistemas construtivos que reafirmam a sua função enquanto regeneradores de tecidos degradados. A necessária ligação ente o estádio e o seu contexto urbano demanda que estes sejam concebidos conjugadamente com sistemas de infraestrutura, possibilitado ao edifício estar inserido na malha consolidada de grandes cidades, uma condição fundamental para que estes equipamentos consolidem-se enquanto pontos focais de sua estrutura espacial. Desta forma, o estudo dos estádios contemporâneos, sedes de grandes eventos esportivos, possibilitou identificar as diretrizes de projeto e planejamento que possibilitam repensar esta tipologia arquitetônica, propondo uma integração coerente com a malha consolidada de sua cidade, permitindo assim que o mesmo seja parte integrante de processos de regeneração urbana / Brazil, has been well known worldwide for its deep relation with soccer as its national sport. Through the last century this sport modality has become a strong branch of the entertainment industry and it has brought with it the need of more efficient stadia specially regarding the urban regeneration aspect. The massive growth of Brazilian cities during the 60\'s and 70\'s and the development of soccer industry in the last decades have exposed the incapability of Brazilian\'s huge concrete bowls built for soccer practice during the military regime to function as catalysts of urban change nor to accommodate fans. Clearly there is a great need of reviewing the archetypal of Brazilian stadia since the country will be the next host of the two greatest contemporary mega-events: the World Cup and the Summer Olympics. Furthermore, hosting this mega-events and the settlement of its sports industry can be understood as a possibility to develop urban infrastructure systems and social policies contributing for the regeneration of underdeveloped urban areas. Therefore, this abstract summarizes the results obtained with the dissertation entitled: The contemporary stadium: an urban regeneration architecture. Initially, the work was developed from a bibliographical research in international journals such as: European Urban Studies, Urban Environment, Built Environment, Town Planning Review, Annals of Regional Science, Economic Development Quarterly, Urban Studies, Tourism Management, Journal of Sport Management, Leisure Studies, World Leisure and Recreation Studies, Journal of Urban Affairs, Sb Magazine. This research focus on the analysis of the contemporary stadia built for mega-events starting from the comprehension of the design strategies proposed by these buildings which expect to become the centerpieces of a process of urban renewal. The research understands that the design trends proposed by contemporary stadia is a consequence of a set of architectural morphological transformations occurred during the 20th century, which incorporated new technologies and building systems to its conception, confirming a new function to this typology of building also responsible for the urban regeneration of parts of the city. The connection between the stadium and its surroundings suggests that this buildings must be designed together with infrastructure systems, which allow these great sports buildings to be placed near the city centre, a fundamental condition for these facilities to achieve the status of architectonic monument. Therefore, the systems of mass transportation are a key element on the stadia proposal, especially in the cases where these building will be venues of important sports events such as the summer Olympics or the World Cup. A critical analysis of contemporary stadia will identify the relation between this buildings and its host cities, using the mass transportation systems planned for mega-evens since Atlanta 1996 as an object of the study as well as the architectonic aspects that contribute for the stadium to boost the regeneration process instead of becoming a burden to the host city.