Purpose of my master’s thesis is an initial analysis of the current status of the selected company, which follows the basic theoretical background of the issue. Essential part of thesis is developing draft of backup and archive system in a small business environment, which will be applied in practice with respect to the maximum economic and qualitative aspects of the system.

No description available.

This thesis project explores the research question of “How can vulnerable groups be encouraged to contribute with genuine personal content to a shared entity (the archive) in a scalable way?”. The project applies co-design practices in order to identify qualities that a system for collaborative self-archiving should incorporate in order to engage vulnerable groups to contribute to the archive, more specifically exploring what would motivate the refugees in Sweden to contribute to the Swedish archive. Several workshops have been run together with the target group, preceded by sensitizing exercises and interviews and supported by additional field research of the other stakeholders for the subject explored - the professional archivists and the Swedish citizens.

Current web search engines retrieve relevant results only based on the latest content of web pages stored in their indices despite the fact that many web resources update frequently. We explore possible techniques and data sources for improving web search result ranking using web page historical content change. We compare web pages with previous versions and separately model texts and relevance signals in the newly added, retained, and removed parts. We particularly examine the Internet Archive, the largest web archiving service thus far, for its effectiveness in improving web search performance. We experiment with a few possible retrieval techniques, including language modeling approaches using refined document and query representations built based on comparing current web pages to previous versions and Learning-to-rank methods for combining relevance features in different versions of web pages. Experimental results on two large-scale retrieval datasets (ClueWeb09 and ClueWeb12) suggest it is promising to use web page content change history to improve web search performance. However, it is worth mentioning that the actual effectiveness at this moment is affected by the practical coverage of the Internet Archive and the amount of regularly-changing resources among the relevant information related to search queries. Our work is the first step towards a promising area combining web search and web archiving, and discloses new opportunities for commercial search engines and web archiving services. / Master of Science / Current web search engines show search documents only based on the most recent version of web pages stored in their database despite the fact that many web resources update frequently. We explore possible techniques and data sources for improving web search result ranking using web page historical content change. We compare web pages with previous versions and get the newly added, retained, and removed parts. We examine the Internet Archive in particular, the largest web archiving service now, for its effectiveness in improving web search performance. We experiment with a few possible retrieval techniques, including language modeling approaches using refined document and query representations built based on comparing current web pages to previous versions and Learning-to-rank methods for combining relevance features in different versions of web pages. Experimental results on two large-scale retrieval datasets (ClueWeb09 and ClueWeb12) suggest it is promising to use web page content change history to improve web search performance. However, it is worth mentioning that the actual effectiveness at this point is affected by the practical coverage of the Internet Archive and the amount of ever-changing resources among the relevant information related to search queries. Our work is the first step towards a promising area combining web search and web archiving, and discloses new opportunities for commercial search engines and web archiving services.

This study proposes and evaluates a new method for Web archiving. We leverage the caching infrastructure in Web servers for archiving. Redis is used as the page cache and its persistence mechanism is exploited for archiving. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our archival technique using the Greek version of Wikipedia deployed on Amazon cloud infrastructure. We show that there is a slight increase in latencies of the rendered pages due to archiving. Though the server performance is comparable at larger page cache sizes, the maximum throughput the server can handle decreases significantly at lower cache sizes due to more disk write operations as a result of archiving. Since pages are dynamically rendered and the technology stack of Wikipedia is extensively used in a number of Web applications, our results should have broad impact. / Master of Science

Preserving dynamic, born-digital data journalism requires more than web scraping, as news stories today are built from much more than just text and images. Data journalism projects like news applications, or “news apps,” are composed of a database, the data in the database, the graphical interface that appears in the browser, accompanying text, and often images, videos, audio, and other multimedia components. Existing Internet archiving methods are not sufficient to save these data journalism projects for the future. This paper summarizes the context and history of news apps archiving, and describes the development of a survey of news applications. This survey will be used to create a working list of news organizations that are producing data journalism in the United States and a better sense of how and where these projects are currently being stored. The results of the survey will inform recommendations and processes for archiving dynamic data journalism.

Le Web représente actuellement un espace privilégié d’expression et d’activité pour plusieurs communautés, où pratiques communicationnelles et pratiques documentaires s’enrichissent mutuellement. Dans sa dimension visible ou invisible, le Web constitue aussi un réservoir documentaire planétaire caractérisé non seulement par l’abondance de l’information qui y circule, mais aussi par sa diversité, sa complexité et son caractère éphémère. Les projets d’archivage du Web en cours abordent pour beaucoup cette question du point de vue de la préservation des publications en ligne sans la considérer dans une perspective archivistique. Seuls quelques projets d’archivage du Web visent la préservation du Web organisationnel ou gouvernemental. La valeur archivistique du Web, notamment du Web organisationnel, ne semble pas être reconnue malgré un effort soutenu de certaines archives nationales à diffuser des politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel. La présente thèse a pour but de développer une meilleure compréhension de la nature des archives Web et de documenter les pratiques actuelles d’archivage du Web organisationnel. Plus précisément, cette recherche vise à répondre aux trois questions suivantes : (1) Que recommandent en général les politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel? (2) Quelles sont les principales caractéristiques des archives Web? (3) Quelles pratiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel sont mises en place dans des organisations au Québec? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette recherche exploratoire et descriptive a adopté une approche qualitative basée sur trois modes de collecte des données, à savoir : l’analyse d’un corpus de 55 politiques et documents complémentaires relatifs à l’archivage du Web organisationnel; l’observation de 11 sites Web publics d’organismes au Québec de même que l’observation d’un échantillon de 737 documents produits par ces systèmes Web; et, enfin, des entrevues avec 21 participants impliqués dans la gestion et l’archivage de ces sites Web. Les résultats de recherche démontrent que les sites Web étudiés sont le produit de la conduite des activités en ligne d’une organisation et documentent, en même temps, les objectifs et les manifestations de sa présence sur le Web. De nouveaux types de documents propres au Web organisationnel ont pu être identifiés. Les documents qui ont migré sur le Web ont acquis un autre contexte d’usage et de nouvelles caractéristiques. Les méthodes de gestion actuelles doivent prendre en considération les propriétés des documents dans un environnement Web. Alors que certains sites d’étude n’archivent pas leur site Web public, d’autres s’y investissent. Toutefois les choix établis ne correspondent pas toujours aux recommandations proposées dans les politiques d’archivage du Web analysées et ne garantissent pas la pérennité des archives Web ni leur exploitabilité à long terme. Ce constat nous a amenée à proposer une politique type adaptée aux caractéristiques des archives Web. Ce modèle décrit les composantes essentielles d’une politique pour l’archivage des sites Web ainsi qu’un éventail des mesures que pourrait mettre en place l’organisation en fonction des résultats d’une analyse des risques associés à l’usage de son site Web public dans la conduite de ses affaires. / Several communities have adopted the web as a privileged space for expression and activity, where communication and documentary practices complement and enrich each other. Both in its visible and invisible dimensions, the web is a documentation vault of planetary scope, characterized not only by the sheer amount of information it contains, but by its diversity, complexity and ephemeral nature. Most current web archiving projects focus on preserving online publications without considering their value from an archival point of view. Only a few web archiving projects target the preservation of organisational or governmental web records. The archival value of the web, especially that of organisational web, does not seem to be justly recognized, despite the continuous effort deployed by certain National Archives bodies to disseminate best practices and policies for organisational web archiving. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of the nature of web records and to document current archiving practices intended for organisational web. In particular, this research will look at the following three questions: (1) What general recommendations can be found in archiving policies for organisational web? (2) What are the main characteristics of web records? (3) Which web record-keeping practices have been deployed in Quebec organisations? To address these questions, this exploratory and descriptive research uses a qualitative approach based on three data collection methods, namely: the analysis of a body of 55 policies and supporting documents related to organisational web archiving; the scrutiny of 11 public websites of various Quebec organisations and of a sample of 737 documents generated by those web systems; and interviews with 21 individuals that are involved in the management and archiving of those websites. The results of this research show that the observed sites are the product of an organisation’s online activity and that they simultaneously document the objectives and the occurrences of an organisation’s web presence. New types of documents that are specific to organisational web have been identified. Documents that have migrated online have acquired a different context of use and new characteristics. Hence, current document management methods must consider the unique properties of documents in a web environment. Only a portion of the observed organisations are involved in the process of archiving their public website. Additionally, the chosen archiving strategies are not always coherent with the recommendations found in web archiving policies, and do not guarantee the sustainability of web records. Those results led us to design a standard policy model adapted to the particular properties of web archives. This model describes the essential components of a web archiving policy and proposes a range of measures that an organisation could implement based on the results of a risks analysis of their public website’s uses in a business context.

Le Web représente actuellement un espace privilégié d’expression et d’activité pour plusieurs communautés, où pratiques communicationnelles et pratiques documentaires s’enrichissent mutuellement. Dans sa dimension visible ou invisible, le Web constitue aussi un réservoir documentaire planétaire caractérisé non seulement par l’abondance de l’information qui y circule, mais aussi par sa diversité, sa complexité et son caractère éphémère. Les projets d’archivage du Web en cours abordent pour beaucoup cette question du point de vue de la préservation des publications en ligne sans la considérer dans une perspective archivistique. Seuls quelques projets d’archivage du Web visent la préservation du Web organisationnel ou gouvernemental. La valeur archivistique du Web, notamment du Web organisationnel, ne semble pas être reconnue malgré un effort soutenu de certaines archives nationales à diffuser des politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel. La présente thèse a pour but de développer une meilleure compréhension de la nature des archives Web et de documenter les pratiques actuelles d’archivage du Web organisationnel. Plus précisément, cette recherche vise à répondre aux trois questions suivantes : (1) Que recommandent en général les politiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel? (2) Quelles sont les principales caractéristiques des archives Web? (3) Quelles pratiques d’archivage du Web organisationnel sont mises en place dans des organisations au Québec? Pour répondre à ces questions, cette recherche exploratoire et descriptive a adopté une approche qualitative basée sur trois modes de collecte des données, à savoir : l’analyse d’un corpus de 55 politiques et documents complémentaires relatifs à l’archivage du Web organisationnel; l’observation de 11 sites Web publics d’organismes au Québec de même que l’observation d’un échantillon de 737 documents produits par ces systèmes Web; et, enfin, des entrevues avec 21 participants impliqués dans la gestion et l’archivage de ces sites Web. Les résultats de recherche démontrent que les sites Web étudiés sont le produit de la conduite des activités en ligne d’une organisation et documentent, en même temps, les objectifs et les manifestations de sa présence sur le Web. De nouveaux types de documents propres au Web organisationnel ont pu être identifiés. Les documents qui ont migré sur le Web ont acquis un autre contexte d’usage et de nouvelles caractéristiques. Les méthodes de gestion actuelles doivent prendre en considération les propriétés des documents dans un environnement Web. Alors que certains sites d’étude n’archivent pas leur site Web public, d’autres s’y investissent. Toutefois les choix établis ne correspondent pas toujours aux recommandations proposées dans les politiques d’archivage du Web analysées et ne garantissent pas la pérennité des archives Web ni leur exploitabilité à long terme. Ce constat nous a amenée à proposer une politique type adaptée aux caractéristiques des archives Web. Ce modèle décrit les composantes essentielles d’une politique pour l’archivage des sites Web ainsi qu’un éventail des mesures que pourrait mettre en place l’organisation en fonction des résultats d’une analyse des risques associés à l’usage de son site Web public dans la conduite de ses affaires. / Several communities have adopted the web as a privileged space for expression and activity, where communication and documentary practices complement and enrich each other. Both in its visible and invisible dimensions, the web is a documentation vault of planetary scope, characterized not only by the sheer amount of information it contains, but by its diversity, complexity and ephemeral nature. Most current web archiving projects focus on preserving online publications without considering their value from an archival point of view. Only a few web archiving projects target the preservation of organisational or governmental web records. The archival value of the web, especially that of organisational web, does not seem to be justly recognized, despite the continuous effort deployed by certain National Archives bodies to disseminate best practices and policies for organisational web archiving. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of the nature of web records and to document current archiving practices intended for organisational web. In particular, this research will look at the following three questions: (1) What general recommendations can be found in archiving policies for organisational web? (2) What are the main characteristics of web records? (3) Which web record-keeping practices have been deployed in Quebec organisations? To address these questions, this exploratory and descriptive research uses a qualitative approach based on three data collection methods, namely: the analysis of a body of 55 policies and supporting documents related to organisational web archiving; the scrutiny of 11 public websites of various Quebec organisations and of a sample of 737 documents generated by those web systems; and interviews with 21 individuals that are involved in the management and archiving of those websites. The results of this research show that the observed sites are the product of an organisation’s online activity and that they simultaneously document the objectives and the occurrences of an organisation’s web presence. New types of documents that are specific to organisational web have been identified. Documents that have migrated online have acquired a different context of use and new characteristics. Hence, current document management methods must consider the unique properties of documents in a web environment. Only a portion of the observed organisations are involved in the process of archiving their public website. Additionally, the chosen archiving strategies are not always coherent with the recommendations found in web archiving policies, and do not guarantee the sustainability of web records. Those results led us to design a standard policy model adapted to the particular properties of web archives. This model describes the essential components of a web archiving policy and proposes a range of measures that an organisation could implement based on the results of a risks analysis of their public website’s uses in a business context.

The aim of this essay is to explore which preservation method is the most suitable to preserve digital games with focus on Minecraft. This essay will compare emulation, migration and conversion. This will be done through a comparative literature study. The material of this essay is therefore previous research on preservation of digital games and preservation of digital information. The result is that a combined method of emulation and migration is preferable when it comes to the preservation of digital games. / Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka vilken eller vilka bevarandemetoder som kan vara bäst lämpat för att bevara digitala spel med fokus på Minecraft. Denna uppsats kommer att jämföra emulering, migrering och konvertering. Detta kommer att ske genom en komparativ litteraturstudie. Materialet har således varit tidigare forskning kring bevarande av digitala spel samt bevarande av digital information. Resultatet är att en kombinerad metod av emulering och migrering är att föredra när det kommer till bevarande av digitala spel.

Web archiving is the practice of preserving websites as a historical record. It is a technologically-challenging endeavor that has as its goal the creation of a high-quality archived website that looks and behaves exactly like the original website. Despite the importance of the notion of quality, comprehensive definitions of Information Quality (IQ) in a web archive have yet to be developed. Currently, the field has no single, comprehensive theory that describes what is a high-quality or low-quality archived website. Furthermore, most of the research that has been conducted on web archives has been system-centered and not user-centered, leading to a dearth of information on how humans perceive web archives. This dissertation seeks to remedy this problem by presenting a user-centered grounded theory of IQ for web archives. It answers two research questions: 1) What is the definition of information quality (IQ) for web archives? and 2) How can IQ in a web archive be measured? The theory presented is grounded on data obtained from users of the Internet Archive's Archive-It system, the largest web-archiving subscription service in the United States. Also presented are mathematical definitions for each dimension of IQ, which can then be applied to measure the quality of a web archive.