Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Potsdam, 2007. / Originally issued as the author's dissertation--Universität Potsdam, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-288).

BEZERRA, Iray Almeida. As teorias argumentativas subjacentes em propostas de produção de textos em livros didáticos de língua portuguesa do ensino médio. 2015. 151f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-28T10:18:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_iabezerra.pdf: 15773714 bytes, checksum: bf865c27d753e1aa09516707e8b829e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-04T11:35:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_iabezerra.pdf: 15773714 bytes, checksum: bf865c27d753e1aa09516707e8b829e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T11:35:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_iabezerra.pdf: 15773714 bytes, checksum: bf865c27d753e1aa09516707e8b829e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / The use of argumentative texts has grown today, both in vestibular, contests and, most notably, in the writing of Enem, which requires a dissertative-argumentative text. Given the importance of this type of text to the formation of critical citizens and able to express views on controversial issues, it is, more and more attention on the formulation of the argument. As a result, this research focuses on the study of argument in textbooks, for what is worth the prospect of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), and the Argumentative Sequence, of Adam (1992, 2008), in order to investigate argumentative theories which underlie text production proposals found in the argumentative genres in textbooks for high school analyzed. Select for the argumentative genres in three collections of Portuguese Language directed to high school and 37 texts production proposals selected based on Enem proposals and school essay, we support us in Dolz, Noverraz and Schneully (2004). Thus, by analyzing the proposals, we find that most of the text productions are explored following the criteria of Argumentative Sequence, as Adam defends, however, the argumentative strategies, as proposed by the New Rhetoric, passes off. It follows that, on this issue, the theoretical allied advance the practice is still "shy", so teachers should be alert to complement with the necessary information for the construction of argumentative or dissertative-argumentative text, whatever school essay and the proposal on Enem. / O uso de textos argumentativos cresceu muito, hoje, tanto em vestibulares, concursos e, mais notadamente, na redação do Enem, que exige um texto dissertativo-argumentativo. Dada a importância desse tipo de texto para a formação de cidadãos críticos e que saibam expressar pontos de vista sobre assuntos polêmicos, faz-se, cada vez mais, atenção quanto à formulação da argumentação. Em vista disso, esta pesquisa tem como foco o estudo da argumentação nos livros didáticos, para o que se vale da perspectiva de Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), e a Sequência Argumentativa, de Adam (1992, 2008), com o objetivo de investigar quais teorias argumentativas estão subjacentes às propostas de produção de texto encontradas nos gêneros argumentativos em livros didáticos do Ensino Médio analisados. Para selecionarmos os gêneros argumentativos nas três coleções de Língua Portuguesa direcionadas ao ensino médio e 37 propostas de produção de texto selecionadas baseadas em propostas do Enem e na redação escolar, pautamo-nos em Dolz, Noverraz e Schneully (2004). Assim, por meio da análise das propostas, verificamos que a maioria das produções de texto são exploradas seguindo os critérios da Sequência Argumentativa, como defende Adam, porém, as estratégias argumentativas, como propõe a Nova Retórica, passa ao largo. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que, nesse tema, o avanço teórico aliado à prática ainda é “tímido”, logo, os professores devem ficar atentos para complementar com as informações necessárias à construção do texto argumentativo ou dissertativo-argumentativo, como quer o gênero redação escolar e a proposta do Enem.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O uso de textos argumentativos cresceu muito, hoje, tanto em vestibulares, concursos e, mais notadamente, na redaÃÃo do Enem, que exige um texto dissertativo-argumentativo. Dada a importÃncia desse tipo de texto para a formaÃÃo de cidadÃos crÃticos e que saibam expressar pontos de vista sobre assuntos polÃmicos, faz-se, cada vez mais, atenÃÃo quanto à formulaÃÃo da argumentaÃÃo. Em vista disso, esta pesquisa tem como foco o estudo da argumentaÃÃo nos livros didÃticos, para o que se vale da perspectiva de Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), e a SequÃncia Argumentativa, de Adam (1992, 2008), com o objetivo de investigar quais teorias argumentativas estÃo subjacentes Ãs propostas de produÃÃo de texto encontradas nos gÃneros argumentativos em livros didÃticos do Ensino MÃdio analisados. Para selecionarmos os gÃneros argumentativos nas trÃs coleÃÃes de LÃngua Portuguesa direcionadas ao ensino mÃdio e 37 propostas de produÃÃo de texto selecionadas baseadas em propostas do Enem e na redaÃÃo escolar, pautamo-nos em Dolz, Noverraz e Schneully (2004). Assim, por meio da anÃlise das propostas, verificamos que a maioria das produÃÃes de texto sÃo exploradas seguindo os critÃrios da SequÃncia Argumentativa, como defende Adam, porÃm, as estratÃgias argumentativas, como propÃe a Nova RetÃrica, passa ao largo. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que, nesse tema, o avanÃo teÃrico aliado à prÃtica ainda à âtÃmidoâ, logo, os professores devem ficar atentos para complementar com as informaÃÃes necessÃrias à construÃÃo do texto argumentativo ou dissertativo-argumentativo, como quer o gÃnero redaÃÃo escolar e a proposta do Enem. / The use of argumentative texts has grown today, both in vestibular, contests and, most notably, in the writing of Enem, which requires a dissertative-argumentative text. Given the importance of this type of text to the formation of critical citizens and able to express views on controversial issues, it is, more and more attention on the formulation of the argument. As a result, this research focuses on the study of argument in textbooks, for what is worth the prospect of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), and the Argumentative Sequence, of Adam (1992, 2008), in order to investigate argumentative theories which underlie text production proposals found in the argumentative genres in textbooks for high school analyzed. Select for the argumentative genres in three collections of Portuguese Language directed to high school and 37 texts production proposals selected based on Enem proposals and school essay, we support us in Dolz, Noverraz and Schneully (2004). Thus, by analyzing the proposals, we find that most of the text productions are explored following the criteria of Argumentative Sequence, as Adam defends, however, the argumentative strategies, as proposed by the New Rhetoric, passes off. It follows that, on this issue, the theoretical allied advance the practice is still "shy", so teachers should be alert to complement with the necessary information for the construction of argumentative or dissertative-argumentative text, whatever school essay and the proposal on Enem.

The diploma thesis titled "Language Correctness and Incorrectness as an Argument Used in Online Discussions" deals with a language criticism which is used as an argument in online discussions. Firstly, the thesis frames language and speech, argumentation, rhetoric, and communication. Then it introduces online discussions and describes how they work, and how they contribute to communication. It is also focused on the users as creators of content in online discussions. The thesis analyzes the corpus of online discussions in which the argumentation based on language correctness and incorrectness is contained. According to communication situations, the thesis classifies by what language criticism is started, what arguments are used by the critics, how the critized react, and how the others perceive language criticism. The research also examines the consequence of language criticism in online discussions. The goal of the thesis is to determinate whether and how language incorrectness may affect information value of particular post, and how the arguments based on language correctness and incorrectness are used.

Master thesis called "Users rhetoric of selected asynchronous discussions on the Internet" studies culture of language and rhetorical cultivation in the selected discussion pieces from the three news servers, namely Aktuálně.cz., iDnes.cz and Neviditelný pes. Under many of these virtual newspaper articles there are discussions that are meant to develop read ideas and opinions. This discussion space is accessible for practically everyone who has an access to the Internet, which is one of the characteristics and advantages of network media over traditional ones. However limitations of traditional media anticipated the use of appropriate and cultivated language. Network media have different characteristics and asynchronous discussion make other demands on language in them. Natural language is the basic communication medium, which is the primary content of most mass media. In the practical part there is an examination of users speech behavior in these discussions. The rhetorical analysis is used there, which allows a holistic view of speech including its argumentative construction. The aim is to find out what this type of online dialogues is characteristic from the point of view of rhetoric.

This thesis is a discursive investigation of contested political discourse. Using Discursive Psychology, I analyse broadcast political debates on the European Union to explore how politicians advocate and defend their political positions in an argumentative context of justification and criticism. Past research in social psychology and cognate disciplines has investigated ideology from a multitude of views. Following a move away from mainstream approaches I demonstrate how some qualitative approaches treat it as a live matter in broadcast political debates. For my data I have chosen the controversial political battleground that is the European Union and what it means for Britain. The contribution of Discursive Psychology comes in highlighting the contested, rhetorical, nature of ideology . In this thesis I draw upon Discursive Psychology to explore how this contestation unfolds as situated practice in multi-party conversations about the EU. Politicians will argue in favour or against the EU, often on the grounds of what the implication is for Britain. In this thesis I argue that Discursive Psychology is best equipped to allow us to study this as an activity; an observable, and contextual, social action. The analytical chapters focus on three interrelated aspects of political argumentation: the construction and use of factual claims (including demonstrations of knowledge statuses ) and counterclaims, the role of overlapping talk, and the function of laughter and derision. The first analytical chapter seeks to elucidate some of the ways in which facts and situated knowledge displays of them are oriented to as an argumentative matter and how they can be challenged. The second analytic chapter illustrates the role played by overlapping talk and challenges in managing the argument at hand. The last analytic chapter focuses on the accomplishment of derision in broadcast political debates, particularly on how derision can be used as form of counterclaim. Ultimately, this thesis demonstrates the usefulness of Discursive Psychology in understanding the discursive dynamics of mobilisation, contestation, and defence of contrasting viewpoints in the service of political argumentation. Discursive Psychology can help social psychologists get a much deeper appreciation of the situated, and discursively dynamic, nature of political argumentation and conflict in talk.

The diploma thesis presents own research method for examination of speech formations. It focuses on examination of televised political debates. The method applied here may be characterized as an organized hermeneutic analysis of political discourse. Through the application of an analytical - philosophical approach (e.g. application of the theory of maxima, illocutionary acts evaluation, and analysis of arguments and verification of their truthfulness), the method allows us to establish objective facts of the debate as well as some personal features of debate participants. To examine texts, the theoretical knowledge of distinguished authors (J. J. Austin, K. Bayer, T. A. van Dijk, N. Fairclough, H. P. Grice, J. Habermas, J. Kraus, G. N. Leeche, J. R. Searl, and others) have been made use of. In addition to the literary survey, the thesis also includes the argumentation in respect of selection of the method, selection of talk shows, transcript of debates from TV records, transformation of the text into an analysable form, and research methodology. Accordingly, a specific communication model of programme is drawn up, the talk show discourse is analysed as a whole, and the styles and argumentation of selected participants are examined and analysed, which is followed by a comprehensive assessment of the...

Das Thema Nachhaltigkeit gewinnt deutlich an gesellschaftlicher und politischer Relevanz. Evidente naturwissenschaftliche und geisteswissenschaftliche Forschungen belegen die Notwendigkeit zum Handeln, Umsteuern und sofortigen Veränderungen. Dennoch ist Nachhaltigkeit fortlaufend mit Vorbehalten, Widerständen und Einwänden unterschiedlicher Art und Ausmaßes begleitet. Neben der hohen Kunst der Rhetorik kommt immer wieder Kampfrhetorik zur Anwendung, um evidente Forschungsergebnisse und belegbare Fakten auszuhebeln. Anhand der verschiedenen Themen der Nachhaltigkeit wird herausgearbeitet, wie für eine Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit argumentiert und souverän mit Einwänden umgegangen werden kann. Dabei folgt die hohe Kunst der Kommunikation dem Prinzip Argumentation – Erwiderung – Erwiderung der Erwiderung. Es geht darum, auf selektiv gewählte, jedoch häufige Einwände so souverän wie möglich zu reagieren, gekonnt zu kontern und damit Nachhaltigkeit in der Argumentation stark zu machen. Diese Zusammenstellung bietet einen kompakten rhetorischen Leitfaden im Kontext der Entwicklung zur Nachhaltigkeit. / The topic of sustainability is clearly gaining social and political relevance. Evidence from the natural sciences and humanities demonstrates the need for action, change and immediate transformation. Nevertheless, sustainability is continuously accompanied by reservations, resistance and objections of various kinds and degrees. Battle rhetoric is repeatedly used to undermine evidenced research results and provable facts. Based on the various topics of sustainability, the paper shows how to argue for a transformation towards sustainability and how to confidently deal with objections. In doing so, the fine art of communication follows the principle of argumentation - reply - reply to the reply. The aim is to respond and counter to selectively chosen, but common objections as confidently as possible, and thus, to make sustainability strong in reasoning. This compilation offers a compact rhetorical guide in the context of the development towards sustainability.