Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Education: Visual Art Education in the Faculty of Education at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / This thesis investigates the factors, specifically the constraints, that influence the choices intermediate phase teachers make when planning visual art lessons. The study is also concerned with how teachers deal with factors that they identify as constraints to teaching visual art. The study is framed within an interpretive framework and the work on teacher knowledge by Shulman (1986; 1987). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four class teachers, three Arts and Culture teachers, and four visual art teachers using a phenomenological methodology. Interviews were analysed systematically by indexing and organizing the data using the knowledge base for teaching as described by Shulman (1987) and Turner-Bisset (1999).<p></p> The patterns in what teachers consider when planning visual art lessons, and their reasons for doing so, was better explained by a teacher’s training in visual art education rather than his/her role as a class, Arts and Culture, or visual art teacher. In this study, the teachers who are trained in visual art education generally work in situations with few contextual problems and their focus, when lesson-planning, centres around the best way visual art content knowledge can be integrated into lessons. In comparison, most of the teachers who are not trained in visual art education mentioned numerous contextual problems that affected their ability to teach visual art. These teachers plan their visual art lessons around what they believe they are able to manage within the context of the school they are working in, rather than specific visual art related outcomes. In addition, their lesson-planning decisions are generally based on limited visual art content knowledge and pedagogy. Hence, compared to teachers trained to teach visual art, their application of visual art content knowledge is haphazard and does not build on the foundation of the curriculum.<p></p> Limited contact time and support from management are two contextual factors that were found to impact the way teachers in this study plan visual art lessons. To mitigate for the lack of contact time, the teachers trained in visual art education endeavoured to manage their lesson time efficiently and to setup clear routines with their learners so as to minimize the amount of time spent on non-learning activities.

Este estudo apresenta resultados relacionados ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de gestão de sala de aula no âmbito da formação docente inicial pelo PIBID Artes Visuais do Instituto Federal - câmpus Palmas. Para a realização desta pesquisa foi feita uma intervenção usando a metodologia Vigotskyana e Bakthiniana da Clínica da Atividade (CLOT, 2007/2010), tendo como lócus as aulas da disciplina de Arte do Colégio Estadual Alto da Glória. Utilizando como método a autoconfrontação simples e cruzada (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2007/2010) verificou-se como problemática as adaptações que a dupla de professoras em formação envolvida realizava no seu trabalho docente. Para a fundamentação teórica deste trabalho apresentamos uma discussão entre a racionalidade técnico instrumental e o modelo da totalidade complexa (MORIN, 2005; RAYNALT, 2004; LEFF, 2010), trazendo a proposta da Clínica da Atividade como uma alternativa deste segundo modelo. Buscamos em Santos (1997/2010) a relação entre a Universidade e a escola pública; na Linguística de Bakhtin (2011/2016) mobilizamos os conceitos de conteúdo temático, construção composicional, estilo e arquitetônica; na Psicologia de Vigotsky (1998/2007) abordamos o conceito de zona de desenvolvimento proximal (ZDP); na Ergonomia de Guérin et al. (2004) abordamos os conceitos de trabalho prescrito e trabalho realizado também utilizados na atividade docente por Souza-e-Silva (2004). Para a análise dos dados produzidos nas aulas e nas sessões de autoconfrontação simples e cruzada, utilizamos além das teorias já citadas, o conceito de gestão de classe, aqui denominado gestão de sala de aula (GAUTHIER ET AL. 1998); a concepção de atenção como função psicológica superior (VIGOTSKY, 2001) e a perspectiva da discussão como forma de aprendizagem (PONTECORVO, 2005). A partir da análise dos dados constatou-se que mesmo em meio às adversidades da escola pública, as professoras em formação encontram alternativas de gestão de sala de aula, pensando em questões relativas à aprendizagem, como a atenção, a discussão, a apercepção e o interesse dos alunos em suas propostas. A observação dos dados traz ainda o PIBID como recurso capaz de tornar visível a precariedade da escola pública. O Programa possibilita ainda a capacitação dos professores iniciantes em situações práticas de ensino. Através da implementação da Clínica da Atividade foi possível observar uma mudança de racionalidade na forma como as docentes conduzem as suas aulas. Essa tomada de consciência e as críticas trazidas pelas professoras representam um indicativo de esforço por mudança e uma nova perspectiva para a escola pública. / This study presents results related to the development of classroom management strategies within initial educational formation by the Visual Arts PIBID Program at the Federal Institute of Paraná, campus Palmas. For the research an intervention was carried out, utilizing the Activity Clinic Methodology by Vigotsky and Bakhtin (CLOT, 2007/2010), taking place during the Art classes at the Colégio Estadual Alto Glória. Utilizing the simple and crossed self-confrontation method (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2007/2010) it was verified that the problem is the adaptations the pair of under formation teachers conducted in their work. For the theoretical foundation it is presented a discussion between rationalization through instrumental technique and complex totality mode (MORIN, 2005; RAYNALT, 2004; LEFF, 2010), presenting the Activity Clinic as an alternative for this second model. We searched for the relation between the University and the public school in Santos (1997/2010); in Bakhtin‟s linguistic (2011/2016) the concepts of thematic content, composition construction, style and architectonics; in Vigotsky‟s psychology (1998/2007), the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD); in Guérin et al.‟s ergonomics (2004) the concepts of prescript work and real work that are also utilized in educational activity by Souza-e-Souza (2014). For the analysis of the data produced in the classes and in the simple and crossed self-confrontation, we utilized, besides the already mentioned theories, the concept of class management (GAUTHIER ET AL. 1998); the concept of attention as high mental function (VIGOTSKY, 2001) and the perspective of discussion as a way of learning (PONTECORVO, 2005). From the data analysis it is verified that even in the midst of public school adversities, the under formation teachers found management class alternatives, thinking of questions related to the learning process, such as the students‟ attention, discussion, apperception and interest on their proposes. The data observation shows the PIBID program as a resource capable of making the public school precariousness visible. The program also allows the training of new teachers in practical teaching situations. Through the implementation of Activity Clinic it was possible to observe a rationality change in the way the teachers conducted their classes. This raising of consciousness and the critics brought by the teachers represent an indicative of the effort for changing and for a new perspective for the public school.

Este estudo apresenta resultados relacionados ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de gestão de sala de aula no âmbito da formação docente inicial pelo PIBID Artes Visuais do Instituto Federal - câmpus Palmas. Para a realização desta pesquisa foi feita uma intervenção usando a metodologia Vigotskyana e Bakthiniana da Clínica da Atividade (CLOT, 2007/2010), tendo como lócus as aulas da disciplina de Arte do Colégio Estadual Alto da Glória. Utilizando como método a autoconfrontação simples e cruzada (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2007/2010) verificou-se como problemática as adaptações que a dupla de professoras em formação envolvida realizava no seu trabalho docente. Para a fundamentação teórica deste trabalho apresentamos uma discussão entre a racionalidade técnico instrumental e o modelo da totalidade complexa (MORIN, 2005; RAYNALT, 2004; LEFF, 2010), trazendo a proposta da Clínica da Atividade como uma alternativa deste segundo modelo. Buscamos em Santos (1997/2010) a relação entre a Universidade e a escola pública; na Linguística de Bakhtin (2011/2016) mobilizamos os conceitos de conteúdo temático, construção composicional, estilo e arquitetônica; na Psicologia de Vigotsky (1998/2007) abordamos o conceito de zona de desenvolvimento proximal (ZDP); na Ergonomia de Guérin et al. (2004) abordamos os conceitos de trabalho prescrito e trabalho realizado também utilizados na atividade docente por Souza-e-Silva (2004). Para a análise dos dados produzidos nas aulas e nas sessões de autoconfrontação simples e cruzada, utilizamos além das teorias já citadas, o conceito de gestão de classe, aqui denominado gestão de sala de aula (GAUTHIER ET AL. 1998); a concepção de atenção como função psicológica superior (VIGOTSKY, 2001) e a perspectiva da discussão como forma de aprendizagem (PONTECORVO, 2005). A partir da análise dos dados constatou-se que mesmo em meio às adversidades da escola pública, as professoras em formação encontram alternativas de gestão de sala de aula, pensando em questões relativas à aprendizagem, como a atenção, a discussão, a apercepção e o interesse dos alunos em suas propostas. A observação dos dados traz ainda o PIBID como recurso capaz de tornar visível a precariedade da escola pública. O Programa possibilita ainda a capacitação dos professores iniciantes em situações práticas de ensino. Através da implementação da Clínica da Atividade foi possível observar uma mudança de racionalidade na forma como as docentes conduzem as suas aulas. Essa tomada de consciência e as críticas trazidas pelas professoras representam um indicativo de esforço por mudança e uma nova perspectiva para a escola pública. / This study presents results related to the development of classroom management strategies within initial educational formation by the Visual Arts PIBID Program at the Federal Institute of Paraná, campus Palmas. For the research an intervention was carried out, utilizing the Activity Clinic Methodology by Vigotsky and Bakhtin (CLOT, 2007/2010), taking place during the Art classes at the Colégio Estadual Alto Glória. Utilizing the simple and crossed self-confrontation method (FAÏTA, 1996; CLOT, 2007/2010) it was verified that the problem is the adaptations the pair of under formation teachers conducted in their work. For the theoretical foundation it is presented a discussion between rationalization through instrumental technique and complex totality mode (MORIN, 2005; RAYNALT, 2004; LEFF, 2010), presenting the Activity Clinic as an alternative for this second model. We searched for the relation between the University and the public school in Santos (1997/2010); in Bakhtin‟s linguistic (2011/2016) the concepts of thematic content, composition construction, style and architectonics; in Vigotsky‟s psychology (1998/2007), the concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD); in Guérin et al.‟s ergonomics (2004) the concepts of prescript work and real work that are also utilized in educational activity by Souza-e-Souza (2014). For the analysis of the data produced in the classes and in the simple and crossed self-confrontation, we utilized, besides the already mentioned theories, the concept of class management (GAUTHIER ET AL. 1998); the concept of attention as high mental function (VIGOTSKY, 2001) and the perspective of discussion as a way of learning (PONTECORVO, 2005). From the data analysis it is verified that even in the midst of public school adversities, the under formation teachers found management class alternatives, thinking of questions related to the learning process, such as the students‟ attention, discussion, apperception and interest on their proposes. The data observation shows the PIBID program as a resource capable of making the public school precariousness visible. The program also allows the training of new teachers in practical teaching situations. Through the implementation of Activity Clinic it was possible to observe a rationality change in the way the teachers conducted their classes. This raising of consciousness and the critics brought by the teachers represent an indicative of the effort for changing and for a new perspective for the public school.

Orientador: Milton Jose de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T08:36:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cortelazzo_PatriciaRita_D.pdf: 50490691 bytes, checksum: a0bb7922737a31ff71780b7bdf10f394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa mostra como seria um dia de aulas na Academia Imperial de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro, através de documentos e obras que eram usados nas aulas e, também, outros textos e imagens que surgiram na memória de maneira hipotética, mas, que poderiam ter feito parte daquele universo. / Abstract: This research shows how a day of classes would be at the Imperial Academy of Arts in Rio de Janeiro, through documents and articles which were used in the classroom, and also other texts and images that emerged in the memory in a hypothetical way; but they could have been part of that universe. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Art educators and classroom teachers in the elementary schools are confronted with the challenge of helping children look critically at works of art and develop written and/or verbal skills to communicate their findings. It was the purpose of this study to determine the effectiveness of the conceptual learning technique of semantic webbing in teaching art criticism in the elementary classroom. The author revealed a significant difference of opinions between two sample groups and similarities between the variables of frequency of use, and familiarity of the webbing technique and its effectiveness in the classroom. The sample groups consist of elementary classroom teachers and art specialists who work with kindergarten and first grade children.

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation, structure, content and outcome of an art-centered unit developed for 5th grade students. This unit was designed to be an example/model of specific tools and procedures that teachers can use in the art and general classroom to promote critical cultural consciousness, which is the ability to analyze both the covert and overt elements of a culture with the purpose of developing a holistic viewpoint that values the cultural heritages of self and others. The participants selected for this study were all the students in three 5th grade classes. The art-centered unit focused on three artists-Romare Bearden, Elizabeth Catlett and Charles White-under the theme "Respect and Homage." The research methods used in this investigation were qualitative. This study was written in a style that described the research design with its origins, organization and implementation. The implementation of the curricular unit developed for this study took place in the art and general classroom. Of particular interest in this study was the framework and structure of the art-centered unit, designed around two specific strategies utilized to promote critical cultural consciousness. One strategy in this unit was the identification of art-related or art-centered micro-cultures as an organizing framework for promoting critical, aesthetic inquiry of the selected works of art. Another important curricular strategy examined in this study was the utilization of personal and cultural value orientations for their role in developing cultural consciousness and critical aesthetic inquiry into works of art. Value orientations are common general issues or questions that we as people and as cultures apply various ranking patterns. Evidence of students' development of critical aesthetic inquiry into the focused works of art was documented and discussed, along with evidence of students' expanded understanding of art and culture. That evidence, added to students' personal, reflective ideas exhibited in the context of their personal art making, provided the record of students' growth in critical cultural consciousness used in this study.

Technology offers opportunities for museums to expand the ways in which cultural perspectives relevant to objects on display can be exchanged and understood. Multimedia content offered online in an environment with user input capabilities can encourage dialogue and enrich visitor experiences of museums. This action research project using narrative analysis was an effort to develop the use of web technology in museum education practice, with an emphasis on constructivist learning. Concepts including the visitor-centered museum and multiple narratives led the researcher to collaborate with a pre-service art teacher education classroom and a local Hindu community to create content that might better develop understandings of one museum's Hindu sculpture collection that are personal, cultural, and complex.

No description available.

This study examines the literature on identifying alternative methods of coming to a deeper understanding of one's physical, mental, and spiritual self. It provides information on one particular alternative program, and presents lesson ideas and options that demonstrate how an art-based emphasis in elective coursework can allow for the next step in each student's journey of personal growth and development.

In the years since the advent of the Black Lives Matter movement, American art museums have increased attempts to address the racial inequities that persist in the field. These inequities impact all aspects of museum work, not least of which education. Because museum educators are often seen as the conduit between museum collections and audiences, the work of implementing anti-racist programming often falls to them. However, the museum education field is majority White, and while there is a rich body of literature treating the adverse impacts of Whiteness on classroom teaching practices, very little exists on how Whiteness might manifest in gallery teaching practices specifically for White museum educators. Utilizing participatory action research, practitioner inquiry, and a White affinity group model, this qualitative study explores aspects of Whiteness that impact the gallery teaching practices of four White museum educators. Our research questions seek to understand better how Whiteness manifests in our teaching specifically in the context of single visit field trips, how those impacts might shift depending on the racial demographics of the groups we are teaching, what questions come for us as a White practitioner-researcher group dedicated to undermining Whiteness in our teaching, and how, if at all, does participation in such a study impact how we think about and implement anti-racist teaching in our practice. As per the research traditions guiding this study, I treated myself as a participant alongside three other White museum educators, and together as a practitioner inquiry group we co-generated our research questions and agreed to our research methods. These included the formation of a digital space in which we could communicate with each other, observations of our teaching, reflective writing responding to the observations, and conversations in the digital space based on these writings. This period of data generation was followed by interviews between myself and each participant as well as a focus group with all of us. Findings surfaced various avoidance techniques we each employed in our teaching to avoid race talk or push our anti-racist teaching more deeply. Our avoidance pointed to perceived tensions we felt between our trainings and the demands of anti-racist teaching, as well as the limitations of the single visit field trip model. Findings also surfaced anxiety when discussing Blackness in particular, as well as problematic assumptions about both White students and students of color we work with. Analysis of these findings provide insights into the ways art museum pedagogies in addition to critical emotional pedagogies might be deployed towards anti-racist teaching, as well as the emotional qualities of naming and dismantling Whiteness as White practitioners. While the findings are limited to the four museum educator participants and the specific contexts in which we work, this study points to ways we might begin to develop deeper understandings of how Whiteness might impact gallery teaching practices. More importantly, in the tradition of practitioner inquiry, this study raises important questions around how visitors of color experience Whiteness in museum education programs, how professional development might be reimagined for museum educators, as well as ways to rethink the traditional single visit field trip model to better accommodate anti-racist learning goals.