Several studies were conducted with Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort). The first study involved the observation of shoot initiation from various length rhizome sections arxi positions. A second study was conducted to observe growth habits of mugwort and to determine the amount of infestation and production in a growing season. The third study was conducted to determine fenac rates that would prevent shoot growth from mugwort rhizomes. Also, various herbicides were evaluated in field experiments for the control of mugwort. The last study involved the effects of fenac on respiration and some respiratory enzymes. The most unifonn plants were observed from two-inch rhizome sections. There was no difference in bud viability of older or younger areas of rhizomes. New rhizome production became rapid about seven weeks after small muqwort plants were transplanted to the field. There was a continuous increase in shoots and rhizomes throughout the growing period. New plants were initiated in the spring of the next year from rhizomes that had overwintered in the soil. Fenac, when mixed with soil at two ppn or above, prevented shoot initiation from rhizome buds. When fenac was present in nutrient solution at rates above two ppm, no shoot growth was observed. In the field control experiments, fenac, dicamba, and Tordon tended to give the best control of mugwort. There tended to be an increase in the enzymatic activity of mugwort after the plants were sprayed with fenac. / Master of Science

Magistro darbe tiriama paprastojo kiečio (Artemisia vulgaris L.) biologinių savybių priklausomybė nuo tyrimo vietos edafinių ir klimatinių ypatumų. Darbo objektas – paprastasis kietis (Artemisia vulgaris L.). Darbo tikslas – nustatyti įvairias paprastojo kiečio fiziologinias charakteristikas. Darbo metodai – Tyrimai atlikti LŽŪU aplinkotyros laboratorijoje. Azoto kiekis nustatytas Kjeldalio metodu. Dirvožemio sunkiųjų metalų analizė atlikta mėginius deginant „Multiwave 3000 Synthos 3000“ ir gauto ekstrakto elementų koncentracijos nustatytos pagal standartą LST ISO 11047 (Dirvožemio kokybė), naudojant liepsnos ir elektoterminės atominės absorbcijos spektrometrinius metodus. Flavonoidų kokybinė ir kiekybinė sudėtis nustatyta efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodu. Epifitinių mikroorganizmų kiekis nustatytas naudojant sojos leptono ir Salsbūro agarą. Duomenys įvertinti, panaudojant Excel ir SPSS statistines programas. Darbo rezultatai. Atlikus tyrimus įvertintos paprastojo kiečio fiziologinės savybės ir gauti tokie rezultatai: dirvožemio geležies, cinko nikelio koncentracijos buvo didžiausios 2 km atstumu nuo AB “Achema” (prie geležinkelio), 0,5 km atstumu nuo AB „Achema“ – vidutinės, mažiausios – Kačerginės; dirvožemio ir paprastojo kiečio įvairių augalo dalių azoto koncentracija išsidėsto tokia tvarka: dirvožemio < šaknų < stiebų < žiedų < lapų; tarp visų tyrimo vietų reikšmingai skyrėsi paprastojo kiečio sausoji masė. Pagal stiebus ir žiedynus A. vulgaris L... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topic of the diploma (Master degree in Ecology) was evaluation of Artemisia vulgaris L.) physiological-biochemical parameters depending on site edaphic and climatic factors. Research object - Artemisia vulgaris L. Purpose of the work – evaluation of various morphophysiological-biochemical parameters of Artemisia vulgaris L. in respect of the distance from the nitrogen fertilizer factory, ommiting ammonia also in respect of heavy metal concentrations in the soil. Methods. Analyses were performed at the laboratory of Environment of University of Agriculture of Lithuania. Concentration of nitrogen was determined by Kjeldal method. For the determination of the heavy metal concentration the samples of the soil were burned by „Multiwave 3000 Synthos 3000“ and obtained extracts were analysed following protocol for the soil quality (LST ISO 11047), using method of flame and electrothermal atomic absorbtion spectrometry. The amount of epiphytic microorganisms was determined bacteria on soya agar and fungi on Salsbur medium. Data were analysed using Excel and SPSS statistical packages. Results and discussion. Concentration of the nitrogen in the soil and leaves of Artemisia vulgaris, falls in the following order: site, located in 2 km distance from the factory < site located besides the factory < Kačerginė site located in 45 km distance from the factory (as a control, „relatively clean“ site). In the sampling sites of Artemisia vulgaris concentrations of heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Ni... [to full text]

Malaria är en farlig tropiksjukdom orsakad av parasiten Plasmodium som vållar många dödsfall varje år. Sedan några år tillbaka rekommenderar Världshälsoorganisationen (WHO) användandet av artemisinin och dess derivat för behandlandet av malaria. Artemisinin syntetiseras normalt i växten Artemisia annua i lågt utbyte. På grund av det låga utbytet är läkemedlet väldigt dyrt. Då parasiten blivit resistent mot de flesta malarialäkemedel är artemisinin ett viktigt preparat i kampen mot malaria. Forskning pågår för att hitta nya eller effektivare metoder för framställning av substansen då en oro finns att produktionen från A. annua inte kommer kunna möta kraven från läkemedelsindustrin. En av teorierna är ifall andra växter inom Artemisia-släktet kan syntetisera artemisinin då flera växter uppvisat helande effekter vid andra sjukdomar. I denna studie undersöktes det ifall växterna A. vulgaris och A. absinthium från Artemisia-släktet skulle kunna syntetisera artemisinin. Med hjälp av molekylärbiologiska tekniker isolerades genetiskt material ifrån växterna. Materialet granskades efter ribonukleinsyra (RNA)- och deoxiribonukleinsyra (DNA) -sekvenser för funktionella enzym som katalyserar reaktioner i artemisinins biosyntes. Ifall generna uttrycks för dessa enzym kan eventuellt artemisinin bildas. Växterna hämtades från Revsudden, Sverige och genetiskt material isolerades. Förekomsten av genuttryck för fem viktiga enzym i artemisinins biosyntes undersöktes med Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Resultatet blev att växterna hade genuttryck för två respektive tre av de fem enzymen. Detta pekar mot att varken A. vulgaris eller A. absinthium kan syntetisera artemisinin då de saknade några viktiga nyckelenzym i syntesen. Trots att en tidigare studie indikerar närvaro av artemisinin i dessa växter kan slutsatsen dras att A. vulgaris och A. absinthium inte kan bilda artemisinin. / Malaria is a tropical disease that accounts for the death of many people annually and is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends artemisinin and its derivates for malaria treatment. Artemisinin is synthesized generally in Artemisia annua in small amounts. The artemisinin-treatment is very expensive due to the small amounts produced in the plant. Since the parasite has developed resistance towards many antimalarial drugs, artemisinin is an important drug against malaria. Research to find alternative methods for artemisinin-production has begun because there is a great concern that artemisinin-production at current rate will not meet the demand from the pharmaceutical industry. Some speculate if artemisinin can be synthesized in other plants from the Artemisia-genus since many plants have shown healing properties towards other diseases. In this study, we investigated if A. vulgaris and A. absinthium could produce artemisinin. Using molecular biology techniques, genetic material was isolated from the plants. Ribonucleotide (RNA)- and deoxyribonucleotide (DNA)- sequences which encode important enzymes in the artemisinin biosynthesis were examined. In case all the genes were expressed, artemisinin may be synthesized. The plants were picked on Revsudden, Sweden and genetic material was isolated. The presence of gene expression of five important enzymes in the artemisinin biosynthesis was investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The results showed that the plants had gene expression of two respectively three of the five enzymes. Due to the fact that the plants need all five enzymes to synthesize artemisinin, even though a recent study has shown presence of artemisinin in these plants, this study concludes that artemisinin cannot be synthesized in A. vulgaris and A. absinthium.

The aim of this diploma thesis "The determination of the production of seeds and their germination for selected species from the weedy family Asteraceae" is to find out the production of seeds and their germination of two selected weedy species from the family Asteraceae, depending on the location. The following were selected: Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris). Seed collection was done at seven locations with different habitat conditions (unmaintained hayfield, recultivated rubbish, garden, grass vegetation with grazing breeding of cattle, permanent grass vegetation, grasslands on arable land, forest land, other road, other area). After reviewing the available literature is discussed the biology and control of weeds and their significance. Furthermore is also characterized the family Asteraceae and selected representatives of this family . Subsequently is characterized the territory of interest. In addition is discussed the problematics of germination and seed production for Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) depending on their habitats. The overall average HTS of Wormwood was 0.08 g, the average germination was 79%. The total average seed production of Creeping Thistle was 1 299 seeds, one plant had an average of 23 flowers and one flower had 51 seeds. Due to the very low number of sprouted seeds of this weed the germination parameter cannot be statistically evaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseanePS_Dissert.pdf: 3732658 bytes, checksum: 742911363ad84dd9ebc1a2c58e9d1d3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / Artemisia vulgaris (AV) is an antihelmintic and antimalarial drug; Aloe vera(babosa) acts as antidiabetic, laxative and anti-inflammatory; Benznidazole (BZ) is a trypanocidal of Trypanosoma cruzi (TC). Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used in nuclear medicine to obtain diagnostic images. This study evaluated the plant effects in TC parasitemia and in the biodistribution of 99mTc in mice. Twenty mice were infected by TC. At the peak of parasitemia, 5 mice received babosa; 5 received AV and 5 received BZ. The parasitemia was determined in 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of drugs administration. Five infected mice without drugs, 5 mice without TC and the group treated with AV, received 99mTc. The radioactivity was calculated. Infected mice that received babosa reduced significantly (p<0.05) the parasitemia. The percentage of activity (%ATI) decreased significantly in the AV group. These results indicate that babosa possibly is an anti-TC drug and AV reduces the %ATI probably due to its biological effects / Artemisia vulgaris (AV) ? um vegetal com propriedades antihelm?ntica e antimal?rica; Aloe vera (babosa) tem ??o antidiab?tica, laxante e anti-inflamat?ria; Benzonidazol (BZ) ? um tripanomicida. O tecn?cio-99m (99mTc), na forma de pertecnetato de s?dio (Na99mTcO4), tem sido usado na medicina nuclear para obten??o de imagens diagn?sticas. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de plantas na parasitemia do T. cruzi e na biodistribui??o do 99mTc em camundongos. Vinte camundongos foram infectados por T. cruzi. No pico da parasitemia, 5 camundongos foram tratados com extrato aquoso de babosa, 5 AV e 5 BZ. A parasitemia foi determinada durante os tempos 0, 2, 4 e 6 horas ap?s administra??o das drogas. Cinco camundongos infectados e que n?o receberam drogas, 5 camundongos n?o infectados e o grupo tratado com AV receberam Na99mTcO4. O percentual de Atividade Total Injetada nos ?rg?os (%ATI/g), correspondente ? energia gama emitida ou radioatividade, foi calculada no contador gama. Os camundongos infectados que receberam babosa reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) a parasitemia. A porcentagem da radiatividade total (%ATI/g) diminuiu significativamente no grupo tratado com AV. Estes resultados indicam que a babosa possivelmente ? uma droga anti-T. cruzi e a AV reduz a %ATI/g provavelmente devido seus efeitos biol?gicos. Este trabalho teve a participa??o de pesquisadores das ?reas de Parasitologia, Estat?stica, Cirurgia, Medicina Nuclear e An?lises Cl?nicas, atestando seu car?ter multidisciplinar

The anti-inflammatory properties of four medicinal plants were investigated. These plant extracts were subjected to screening for their possible effects as antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents. In the antioxidant activity, the Plantago lancelota extracts resulted in an IC50 value of 0.4 mg/mL compared to the positive control quecertin with IC50 0.04 mg/mL Plantago lanceolata inhibited COX-2 activity with IC50 values of 0.41 mg/mL. However, the COX-1 inhibition indicated an IC50 of 68.99 mg/mL. The lipoxygenase assay indicated that Plantago lanceolata was the most active plant species with an IC50 value of 4.86 mg/mL compared to the positive control (quecertin) with an IC50<2mg/mL. The nitric oxide assay of the plant extracts indicates a dose-dependent activity of our plant extracts. Likewise the cell viability result indicated a good activity at dose 100 mg/mL. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

The anti-inflammatory properties of four medicinal plants were investigated. These plant extracts were subjected to screening for their possible effects as antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents. In the antioxidant activity, the Plantago lancelota extracts resulted in an IC50 value of 0.4 mg/mL compared to the positive control quecertin with IC50 0.04 mg/mL Plantago lanceolata inhibited COX-2 activity with IC50 values of 0.41 mg/mL. However, the COX-1 inhibition indicated an IC50 of 68.99 mg/mL. The lipoxygenase assay indicated that Plantago lanceolata was the most active plant species with an IC50 value of 4.86 mg/mL compared to the positive control (quecertin) with an IC50<2mg/mL. The nitric oxide assay of the plant extracts indicates a dose-dependent activity of our plant extracts. Likewise the cell viability result indicated a good activity at dose 100 mg/mL. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)