Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνώνται οι νοητικές παραστάσεις μαθητών Στ΄ Δημοτικού σχετικά με το μηχανισμό της όρασης σε κατάσταση φυσικού, τεχνητού φωτισμού και νύχτας και ελέγχεται η συνέπεια των παραστάσεων συναρτήσει των τριών καταστάσεων φωτισμού αλλά και του τρόπου έκφρασης των απαντήσεων (προφορικός λόγος- τρισδιάστατος κόσμος, γραπτή απεικόνιση- δισδιάστατος κόσμος). Μελετάται επίσης η επίδραση που ενδεχομένως ασκεί η Παραδοσιακή διδασκαλία του μάθηματος της όρασης, στα σχήματα για την όραση που εμφανίζουν οι μαθητές. Για το σκοπό αυτό πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε πρώτη φάση οι ατομικές συνεντεύξεις του προ-τεστ, ακολούθησε η Παραδοσιακή διδασκαλία και σε τρίτη φάση πραγματοποιήθηκαν οι ατομικές συνεντεύξεις του μετά-τεστ. Βάσει αποτελεσμάτων, υιοθετούνται κυρίως τα σχήματα για την όραση που συναντώνται στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία, με προτίμηση στο σχήματα "Λουτρό Φωτός" και "Φωτισμός του Αντικειμένου". Οι απαντήσεις τους εμφανίζουν ασυνέπεια και για τις τρεις καταστάσεις φωτισμού, στον τρισδιάστατο και δισδιάστατο κόσμο, ενώ προκύπτει ότι η Παραδοσιακή διδασκαλία παράγει ανομοιογενή αποτελέσματα και δε δημιουργεί συνθήκες γνωστικής προόδου. / This thesis studies the mental representations of 11 year old Greek students, concerning the mechanism of vision at natural and artificial lighting as well as at night. Additionally, we want to examine whether these representations are solid based on the three different states of lighting as well as on the way the answers are expressed (oral speech – three-dimensional world, sketches – two-dimensional world), and to investigate the possible effect of a Traditional course about vision, on pupils’ vision schemes. The study is combined of three phases: personal pre-test interviews with each student, Traditional course on vision mechanism and personal post-test interviews with the same subjects. The results show that 11 year old pupils employ the majority of the vision schemes that are seen on international bibliography, however the tend to use more the ones of “Sea of Light” and “Lighting an object”. The answers indicate that the schemes employed are not solid, neither throughout the different states of lighting, nor in the three-dimensional and two-dimensional world. Traditional teaching gives non-homogeneous results, thus does not contribute to mental progress.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-07-12T12:20:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5227373 bytes, checksum: 571f1e5ec7b6f117d7271856ad1e898b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T12:20:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5227373 bytes, checksum: 571f1e5ec7b6f117d7271856ad1e898b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Educational issues have triggered much discussion in Brazil, where it has been put in question the quality of student performance, especially in public educational settings. In this research the issues related to visual comfort will be studied in order to characterize the performance of complementary natural and artificial lighting, aiming to evaluate the quantitative aspects (autonomy of natural light, daylight factor and static luminance), qualitative (uniformity and light output) identify factors that may contribute to or interfere with the lighting performance and assess the potential for reducing energy consumption in light of the availability of natural light in the classrooms of the Federal University of Paraiba Technology Center. The method adopted for the analysis of natural light behavior was the computer simulation, in which dynamic parameters analyzed were: Daylight factor and autonomy of natural light and the illuminance of artificial light as static parameter. From this, the surroundings were divided into zones of different levels of illumination, so that it was possible to identify where there is greatest need for additional artificial lighting use. To quantify the reduction potencial of the power consumption of the systems in relation to the proposed from the availability of light each environment studied were simulated in Daysim. Concluding that in all classrooms studied natural light does not have enough autonomy to achieve the illuminance levels recommended by the standard for educational environments, thus requiring an electrical lighting system that complements the light deficit, ie a system integrated natural light and artificial supplement. / As questões educacionais têm desencadeado muitas discussões no Brasil, onde tem sido colocada em pauta a qualidade do desempenho dos alunos, principalmente em ambientes educacionais públicos. Nesta pesquisa serão estudadas as questões relacionadas ao conforto visual, objetivando caracterizar o desempenho da iluminação natural e artificial complementar, visando avaliar os aspectos quantitativos (autonomia da luz natural, fator de luz do dia e luminância estática), qualitativos (uniformidade e eficiência luminosa), identificar fatores que possam contribuir ou interferir no desempenho da iluminação e avaliar o potencial de redução do consumo de energia em iluminar a partir da disponibilidade da luz natural nas salas de aula do Centro de Tecnologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. O método adotado para a análise do comportamento da luz natural foi a simulação computacional, em que os parâmetros dinâmicos analisados foram:fator de luz do dia e autonomia da luz natural e a iluminância da luz artificial como parâmetro estático. A partir disso, os ambientes foram divididos em zonas de diferentes níveis de iluminação, de forma que fosse possível identificar onde há maior necessidade de uso de iluminação artificial suplementar. Para quantificar o potencial de redução do consumo de energia dos sistemas existentes em relação aos propostos a partir da disponibilidade de luz de cada ambiente estudado foram feitas simulações no Daysim. Concluindo que em todas as salas de aula estudadas a luz natural não possui autonomia suficiente para alcançar os níveis de iluminância recomendado pela norma para ambientes de ensino, necessitando assim de um sistema de iluminação elétrica que complemente o déficit de luz, ou seja, um sistema integrado de luz natural e artificial complementar.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T12:11:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladocarmoalmeida.pdf: 15878287 bytes, checksum: 7ce86267329e6481b097f64af841fe34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T15:26:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladocarmoalmeida.pdf: 15878287 bytes, checksum: 7ce86267329e6481b097f64af841fe34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T15:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camiladocarmoalmeida.pdf: 15878287 bytes, checksum: 7ce86267329e6481b097f64af841fe34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Este trabalho teve por objetivos projetar um sistema eletrônico de controle destinado a fornecer uma alternativa simplificada e eficiente para estudos de fisiologia vegetal envolvendo luz artificial, bem como para sua utilização em determinados processos de cultivo de plantas em estufas. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre a interação entre a iluminação artificial e o cultivo de plantas, tanto para o propósito de uma cultura comercial quanto para possibilitar a interpretação do comportamento de plantas em estudos botânicos. Este sistema eletrônico possibilita a determinação das quantidades radiométricas de interesse quando a iluminação artificial é usada como suplemento ou como única fonte de iluminação em cultivos. Com base em estudos anteriores, é proposto a produção de um sistema autônomo constituído por um aparelho de iluminação composto por LEDs brancos e/ou coloridos. Além disso, foram realizados alguns experimentos radiométricos preliminares utilizando luminárias comerciais de LEDs, visando sua utilização em associação com o sistema de controle proposto. Os parâmetros medidos mais relevantes foram o fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos, fluxo luminoso e a temperatura de cor correlata. Espera-se que o protótipo desenvolvido apresente características que agreguem flexibilidade e comportamento radiométrico relevante para cultivos controlados. / This work aims to develop an electronic control system with the purpose to drive a simplified and efficient alternative for vegetal physiology studies involving artificial light as well as for its utilization in certain plants crop at greenhouses. Additionally, this work presents a brief review regarding the interaction between artificial lighting and plants, with purposes of commercial crops and the possibility of interpretation of plants behavior in botanic studies. This electronic system enables the determination of the radiometric quantities of interest when the lighting is used as a supplement or as the only lighting source in crops. Using the latest studies, it is proposed an autonomous system consisting basically of white and/or colored LEDs. Besides, it were performed radiometric experiences using commercial luminaires with LEDs aiming the use of them in the proposed control system. The more relevant measured parameters were the photosynthetic photon flux, luminous flux and correlated colour temperature. The proposed system shows flexibility and relevant radiometric behavior, which are particularly useful in Plant Physiology.

As human population grows and develops, more urban areas are expanding. Urbanisation has many impacts on the natural environment and one understudied pollutant is artificial light at night. The aims of this thesis were to examine the impacts of street lighting on bats and investigate the exposure of British bat species to artificial light at night and explored the mitigation option of part-night lighting. The current exposure of British bat species to artificial lighting was assessed using roost locations and population sizes from a long-term dataset (1997-2012) from the Bat Conservation Trust’s National Bat Monitoring Programme on seven bat species (Eptesicus serotinus, Myotis nattereri, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, Plecotus auritus, Rhinolophus hipposideros and R. ferrumequinum). These data were combined with satellite imagery in roost sustenance zones and home ranges. Bat roosts were found in areas with brighter light levels than random locations for P. pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus and Plecotus auritus. Species that forage around streetlights (P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) had significantly higher light levels in the landscape around their roosts than species which avoid street lit areas (R. hipposideros, M. nattereri and P. auritus). Colony size was negatively correlated with light levels. This study highlights that different species have different requirements in the landscapes around their roosts. To investigate landscapes effects of artificial light at night on the understudied light avoiding species R. ferrumequinum, eight maternity roosts were surveyed to explore the interaction between habitat features and street lighting. At each maternity roost, bat detectors were deployed at 25 paired street lit and dark locations. Street lighting had a significant negative effect on bat activity. Locations closest to the maternity roost had higher bat activity than those further away and road type had a significant effect on bat activity, with the highest bat activity recorded at minor roads compared with A and B roads. These results highlight the large negative impact street lighting can have on bat activity patterns and the need for mitigation. Several mitigation strategies have been suggested to combat the effects of artificial light at night but few have been tested. One of these suggestions is to restrict the hours of lighting through the night, often called part-night lighting. Part-night lighting has been implemented by many local authorities, often switching the lights off after midnight and switching them back on before dusk. To explore the effects of part night lighting on bats, the hourly patterns of activity for R. ferrumequinum were studied. Bat activity was bimodal, with a peak in the first few hours after sunset followed by a smaller peak before sunrise. To capture more than 50% of bat activity during the dark period of the night, street lights would be required to switch off before 11pm. To explore this further, a before-and-after study of part-night lighting was conducted at towns across Devon. Following the conversion from full-night lighting to part-night lighting, switching street lights off at 2 am, there was a significant reduction in P. pipistrellus and a significant increase for P. pygmaeus and Nyctalus noctule activity. Although part-night lighting is not often operational during peak activity periods for bat species, reducing the duration of lighting at night has impacts on activity patterns for several species. This thesis shows that artificial light at night has impacts on bats across the landscapes around their roosts. Artificial lighting has impacts for species in different ways, depending on whether they forage around street lights or avoid street lit areas. For species that avoid street lit areas such as R. ferrumequinum, street lighting can have very significant negative impacts on the availability of areas around their roosts. This highlights the need for conservation measures to reduce impacts of artificial lighting. Although mitigation schemes such as part-night lighting may help to minimize impacts of nighttime lighting, more tailored schemes for bats should devised to achieve greater conservation impacts.

[pt] À medida que a população cresce, mais alimentos precisarão ser produzidos nas próximas quatro décadas do que nos últimos 10.000 anos. No entanto, o mundo moderno ainda depende da produção de monoculturas de alto rendimento, cada vez mais ameaçada por condições climáticas incomuns, escassez de água e terra insuficiente. A fim de superar esses problemas e alimentar o mundo, é necessário um caminho prático para fornecer alimentos frescos, com qualidade e em escala, com mínima dependência do clima e com uso de água e pegada de carbono reduzidos. Uma abordagem razoável é construir fazendas verticais dentro das cidades em um ambiente fechado repleto de sensores e iluminação artificial controlada por software para uma produção e gestão eficiente do plantio de alimentos. Esta tese propõe a instanciação de um modelo, chamado Ciclo do Software dos Lugares (SoPC), que é capaz de responder a estímulos ambientais em um sistema fechado de produção de plantas com iluminação artificial que possibilite a criação de ambientes com auto-aprendizagem. Esta tese descreve o SoPC, as abordagens e processos de implementação de uma mini fábrica de plantas com iluminação artificial com base na discussão em cinco ciclos de pesquisa-ação. / [en] As the population grows, more food will need to be produced in the next four decades than has been in the past 10,000 years. However, the modern world still depends on high yield monoculture production which is increasingly threatened by unusual weather, water shortages, and insufficient land. In order to overcome these problems and feed the world, a practical path to provide quality fresh healthy food at scale with minimal weather dependency, water usage and reduced carbon footprint is necessary. One reasonable approach is to build vertical farms inside the cities in a close environment full of sensors and artificial lighting controlled by software for efficient production of food crops. This thesis proposes a model, entitled Software of Places Cycle (SoPC), that should be able to answer to environmental stimuli in a closed plant production system using artificial lighting in order to create a self-learning environment. This thesis describes the SoPC, the approaches and processes of implementing a mini Plant Factory using Artificial Lighting based on the discussion on five action-research cycles. The thesis main contribution is a conceptual model to guide the development and maintenance of a mini-PFAL (m-PFAL), a minor contribution is the deployment of the SoP, i.e., the very notion of having software dedicated to a specific place.

The aim of the work is to design Fire station with a gym in Olomouc. Diploma thesis has three parts. First from institute of building structures, second from intitute of building services and last part is devoted to modeling and assessment of details of building. Fire station is divided into three parts. Garage for 3 fire trucks, main part and gym with training tower. The main part contains toilets, showers, locker rooms, storage places, offices and facilities for firefighters and office rooms. Structural elements of the building are from reinforced concrete. Infill walls are made from ceramic bloks. Thermal insulation is from mineral wool and cladding of the wall is made of fibre-cement boards. The slab in the main part is made of cast-in-place concrete. Others slabs in the garage and gym are made of prefabricated elements. On the building are desined three types of roofs. Extensive green roof, flat roof with a stabilization layer of river aggregates and roof made of insulating sandwich panels. In the thesis is design conception of artificial lighting, ventilating, heating, cooling, water managment, photovoltaics and management scheme of energy and ecological systems. The work contains project documentation for building permits, which were made in accordance with applicable legal and technical regulations.

This project deals with design and implementation of control system, which is used for regulation climate conditions in special grow box. Measured values are displayed on graphic LCD, sent to application in PC or displayed on web server. The project solves software and hardware implementation of measurement system.

The first part of this diploma thesis is to design an energy-efficient hotel with restaurant and car parking. The second part is also to create an assessment of the energy performance of the building and usage of energy from renewable sources. Hotel is designed with the idea of „smart buildings“ which means, that all the technological background is controlled by the main computer, which also harvests data to achieve a minimum energy use and financial demand and maximum comfort and safety at the same time by controlling the connected technology. By placing on a sloped terrain in the center of Brno, the basement floor can be used as car parking. The roof of this building is flat, green, with modifications for placing solar panels, whose design is part of this work. The third part of this diploma thesis is the spatial acoustics of the conference room on the first ground floor.