abstract: This thesis is a translation and analysis of the “Epitaph of the Wu Kingdom Transcendent Duke Ge of the Left Palace of the Grand Bourne” (Epitaph below). The author was Tao Hongjing (456 CE-536 CE). The subject of this Epitaph inscribed on a stele was Ge Xuan (trad. 164 CE-244 CE). Ge Xuan had two titles attributed to him by later Daoists. According to the Lingbao scriptures, Ge was appointed by the Perfected of Grand Bourne, a heavenly title. Later, in the Shangqing scriptures, Ge Xuan was said to be an earthly transcendent without any heavenly appointment. This debate occurred before Tao Hongjing began to write. This stele epitaph is essential, as it records sayings from both Lingbao and Shangqing scriptures. By reading this translated epitaph, scholars can know more about different versions of Ge Xuan's legend, as well as how Ge Xuan's legend was constantly rewritten by later Daoists. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Religious Studies 2020

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abstract: So far, love and desire have preoccupied scholarly inquiries into the emotional landscape in late imperial China. However, the disproportional focus diminishes the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the emotional experiences during this period. Alternatively, this dissertation seeks to contextualize the understudied emotion of anger and uses it as a different entry point into the emotional vista of late imperial China. It explores the stimuli that give rise to anger in late imperial Chinese fiction and drama, as well as the ways in which these literary works configure the regulation of that emotion. This dissertation examines a wide range of primary materials, such as deliverance plays, historical romance, domestic novels, and so forth. It situates these literary texts in reference to Quanzhen Daoist teachings, orthodox Confucian thought, and medical discourse, which prescribe the rootedness of anger in religious trials, ritual improprieties, moral dubiousness, and corporeal responses. Simultaneously, this dissertation reveals how fiction and drama contest the presumed righteousness of anger and complicate the parameters construed by the above-mentioned texts through editorial intervention, paratextual negotiation, and cross-genre adaptation. It further teases out the gendering of anger, particularly within the discourse on the four obsessions of drunkenness, lust, avarice, and qi. The emotion’s gendered dimension bears upon the approaches that literary imagination adopts to regulate anger, including patience, violence, and silence. The body of either the angry person or the target of his or her fury stands out as the paramount site upon which the diverse ways of coping with the emotion impinge. Ultimately, this dissertation enriches the current understanding of the emotional experiences in late imperial China and demonstrates anger as a prominent nodal point upon which various strands of discourse converge. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation East Asian Languages and Civilizations 2020

Korea had traditionally confined literacy to a small elite ruling class, who were trained to read and write in Chinese characters until the end of the nineteenth century. Literacy education must be made both easier and more accessible, argued Korean intellectuals who endorsed the promotion of hangul, a phonetic native Korean alphabet that had only been circulating among the less privileged. The notion that hangul should become the standardized national script of Korea has also been voiced by Western missionaries in the country. Korean nationalists who became heavily influenced by Christianity further elaborated this goal. A nationalistic movement to promote mass literacy and to reclaim Korea’s lost cultural legacy had a foreign origin that had been overlooked for a long time. This thesis seeks to analyze the degree to which foreign influences had on the inception of Korea’s scripto-nationalism.

Fukuda Chiyo-ni and Kiyohara Yukinobu were 17th-18th century (Edo period) Japanese women artists well known during their lifetime but are relatively unknown today. This thesis establishes their contributions and recognition during their lifespans. Further, it examines the precedence for professional women artists’ recognition within Japanese art history. Then, it proceeds to explain the complexities of Meiji-era changes to art history and aesthetics heavily influenced by European and American (Western) traditions. Using aesthetic and art historical analysis of artworks, this thesis establishes a pattern of art canon formation that favored specific styles of art/artists while excluding others in ways sometimes inauthentic to Japanese values. Japan has certainly had periods of female suppression and this research illustrates how European models and traditions of art further shaped the perception of Japanese women artists and the dearth of female representation in galleries and art historical accounts.

There are the ways in which Japan was prepared for war. The purpose of this paper will be to show how the militarists achieved the power that they did, power so great that it enabled them to go over the heads of, and the protests of, the civilian branch of government and even the Emperor himself if necessary. The history of the warlords needs to be examined in order to furnish a background needed for a study such as this. The primary function of this investigation will be to show the role played by these two factions during the “decisive decade” from 1931-1941. That decade began with the incident at Mukden, Manchuria, September 18, 1931, and ended with the bombing of Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. Various aspects of the situation will be examined in order to illustrate as fully as possible the magnitude of the role of the militarists and the Zaibatsu. In this way the true picture of Japanese foreign policy can be seen.

This research examines the intellectuals’ reform activities in local society at the turn of twentieth century. Focusing on Wuxi, a city in south China, this study seeks to shed light on two major issues. First, it studies the reform activities in the areas of education and print media in such a transformative era. I come to argue that differences existed between reforms at a national level and the circumstances in local society. These reformers in Wuxi provided the common people more choices besides Chinese learning, rather than following the ti-yong formula. They connected their reform proposals with the common people. Second, this study scrutinizes the complexity of their local endeavors. The most profound challenge these reformers encountered, I argue, was whether they could compete in the urban space, which had become a site of conflict and contestation.

More than sixty years have passed since China's Resistance War against Japan in 1937-1945 ended. Chinese people made a significant contribution to winning the victory over Japan. Chinese newspapers and magazines, especially editorials at that time, played a key role in the propaganda of the War of Resistance, boosting national morale, and exposing war crimes of Japanese aggressors. Chinese newspapers and magazines included many important incidents and issues regarding the War of Resistance. This thesis selects editorials of three representative topics: the future of the War of Resistance, the defensive combat of the Chinese nationalist army in the front lines, and the war crimes of Japanese invaders to offer a clear, concise narrative whose central themes are better reflecting and commemorating that unforgettable time from the cultural dimension.

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between the hooden Yajna (Land-Gift) movement of Vinoba Bhave and the Gandhian ideal of non-violent social order for India.vis., Gervodaya. The plan of the paper is briefly as follows. The first chapter gives the background information about Vinoba Shave and the Bhoodan Yagna movement. It is indicated how this movement, beginning on April 18, 1951 in Hyderabad (scan), steadily developed into a com, reheusive all-India program during the last about five yours. The second chapter explains the meaning of sarvodaya (literally, uplift of Man also lives the stalls of the social, Economical and political order in a Sarvodaya society.

This dissertation examines the early U.S.-D.R.V. relationship by analyzing related myths and exploring Viet Minh policies. I go beyond the previous literature to examine the Viet Minh government's modernization and anti-imperialist projects, both of which proved critical to D.R.V. policy evolution and the evolution of a new national identity. During the French era, as Vietnamese thinkers rethought the meaning of "being Vietnamese," groups like the Viet Minh determined that modernization was the essential to Vietnam's independence and that imperialist states like the U.S. posed a serious threat to their revolution and their independence. I argue that D.R.V. officials dismissed all possibility of a real alliance with the U.S. long before 1950. Soviet and Chinese mentors later provided development aid to Hanoi, while the D.R.V. maintained its autonomy and avoided becoming a client state by seeking alliances with other decolonizing countries. In doing so, Vietnamese leaders gained their own chances to mentor others and improve their status on the world stage. After Geneva, Hanoi continued to advance modernization in the North using a variety of methods, but its officials also heightened their complaints against the U.S. In particular, the D.R.V. denounced America's invasion of South Vietnam and its "puppet" government in Saigon as evidence of an imperialist plot. In advocating an anti-imperialist line and modernized future, D.R.V. leaders elaborated a new national identity, tying modernization and anti-imperialism inextricably to "being Vietnamese." Yet modernization presented serious challenges and Hanoi's faith in anti-imperialism had its drawbacks, limiting their ability to critique and evaluate the U.S. threat fully. / History