Pour profiter des nombreux matériels actuellement, les logiciels s'exécutant sur des téléphones mobiles doivent devenir sensibles au contexte, c'est-à-dire, qu'ils doivent surveiller les événements provenant de leur environnement et réagir en conséquence. Nous considérons que ces logiciels peuvent bénéficier d'une approche basée sur les Lignes de Produits Logiciels (LPL). Les LPLs sont définies pour exploiter les points communs par la définition d'éléments réutilisables. Néanmoins, les LPLs ne prennent pas en compte les modifications à l'exécution des applications. Cette thèse propose une ligne de produits logiciels dynamique (LPLD) qui étend une LPL classique en fournissant des mécanismes pour adapter les produits à l'exécution. Notre objectif principal est d'unifier les adaptations à la conception et à l'exécution en utilisant des artefacts logiciels de haut niveau. Concrètement, nous introduisons un modèle de variabilité et un modèle de composition pour modulariser les produits sous forme de modèles d'aspect. Chaque modèle d'aspect a trois parties : l'architecture, les modifications, et le point de coupe. Ensuite, nous proposons deux processus de dérivation du produit : un pour la conception que vise à construire un produit, et un pour l'exécution que vise à adapter un produit. Ce travail de recherche s'est déroulé dans le cadre du projet FUI CAPPUCINO. Nous avons défini une LPLD pour une étude de cas de vente d'un hypermarché sensible au contexte. Le scénario démontre les avantages de notre approche et, en particulier, l'unification réalisée par les modèles d'aspect utilisés à la fois à la conception et à l'exécution.

Les environnements confinés, tels que les blocs chirurgicaux ou les salles blanches, hébergent des processus complexes auxquels sont associés de nombreux risques. Leur conception, leur réalisation et leur exploitation sont complexes, de par les très nombreuses normes les encadrant.La qualification de ces « environnements normés », afin d’en garantir la qualité de conception, requiert une expertise fine du métier et souffre du manque d’outil en permettant l’automatisation. Partant de ce constat, nous proposons une approche unifiée visant à faciliter la qualification des environnements normés. Celle-ci s’appuie sur une représentation du contexte normatif sous la forme d’un graphe unique, ainsi que sur une modélisation de l’environnement et son objet final par étapes successives permettant une vérification incrémentale de même que la production d’informations nécessaires à la traçabilité lors de l’exploitation. Cette démarche, illustrée au travers du domaine des environnements confinés médicaux, est générique et peut s’appliquer à l’ensemble des environnements normés. / Industrial clean rooms or operating rooms are critical places often hosting dangerous or complex processes. Their design, building and use are thus difficult and constrained by a large amount of standards and rules. Qualifying these environments, in order to ensure their quality, consequently requires a high level of expertise and lacks assisting tools.This leads us to propose a unified approach aiming at easing the qualification process of standardized environments. It relies on a graph-based representation of the set of standards and rules that apply to a specific case, as well as on step-by-step modelling of the whole target environment. The verification process is then eased as it becomes incremental. During each stage, relevant information can also be gathered in order to ensure environment traceability during its use.This approach, applied to medical environments for validation purposes, remains generic and can be applied to any kind of standardized environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3771.pdf: 2012363 bytes, checksum: beac2e75d3e67d4b8d96a9b1c3ce98ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Aspect-Oriented Programming allows encapsulating the so-called "Crosscutting Concerns (CCC) - software requirements whose implementation is tangled and scattered throughout the functional modules - into new abstractions, such as Aspects, Pointcuts, Advices and Inter-type Declarations. The reengineering of an OO software to an AO is not an easy task due to the existence of different abstractions in these technologies. We develop a set of nine refactorings of annotated OO class models to AO class models. In the context of this work, "annotated class models" are UML class diagrams whose elements (classes, interfaces, attributes and methods) are annotated with stereotypes representing the existing CCC in the application source code. The set of refactorings developed is divided into: i) generic refactorings; and ii) specific refactorings. Three generic refactorings and six specific refactorings to the persistence (which is divided into management and connections, transaction and synchronization) and logging concerns and to the Singleton and Observer design patterns were created. The generic refactorings are responsible for transforming an annotated OO model with indications of CCC into a partial AO model. This model is called partial because it is usually not fully modularized, i.e., there are remaining software elements stereotyped with indications of particular concerns. These refactorings are applicable to any kind of CCC; this is possible, because what is taken into consideration is the scenario in which these concerns appear in the class model. The specific refactorings are responsible for transforming partial AO models into final ones, whose CCC have been fully modularized in aspects. For that, each refactoring has a set of specific steps for modularization of a particular kind of concern. An Eclipse plug-in, called MoBRe was developed to assist the software engineer in the tasks of refactoring application. As a major contribution, the refactorings proposed in this paper allow obtaining well designed AO models. This is so because: i) they provide a step-by-step guide to the modularization of certain CCC and can avoid that software engineers choose inappropriate strategies for modularization of these CCC; and ii) they were prepared based on good design practices recommended by the scientific community. Thus, besides, the models the use of refactorings can lead to generation of better-quality code, for example, free of bad smells. A case study was conducted to assess the applicability of the proposed refactorings in order to compare an AO model generated by them with an AO model obtained from the literature. / Orientação a Aspectos (OA) permite encapsular Interesses Transversais (ITs) - requisitos de software cuja implementação encontra-se entrelaçada e espalhada pelos módulos funcionais - em novas abstrações, tais como, Aspectos, Conjuntos de Junção, Adendos e Declarações Inter-tipo. A reengenharia de um software OO para um OA não é uma atividade trivial em consequência da existência de abstrações diferentes entre as tecnologias envolvidas. Neste trabalho é proposto um conjunto de refatorações que pode ser aplicado sobre modelos de classes OO anotados com indícios de ITs para obtenção de modelos de classes OA. Modelos de classes anotados são diagramas de classes da UML cujos elementos (classes, interfaces, atributos e métodos) são anotados com estereótipos referentes aos ITs existentes no software. O conjunto de refatorações desenvolvido é subdivido em: i) refatorações genéricas; e ii) refatorações específicas. As refatorações genéricas são responsáveis por transformar um modelo OO anotado com indícios de ITs em um modelo OA parcial - modelo cujos ITs existentes não são completamente modularizados. Essas refatorações são aplicáveis a qualquer tipo de IT existente no software, considerando o cenário que esses interesses apresentam no modelo de classes. As refatorações específicas são responsáveis por transformar modelos de classes OA parciais em modelos de classes OA finais - modelos nos quais os ITs foram completamente modularizados em aspectos. Para que isso aconteça, cada refatoração possui um conjunto de passos específicos para modularização de um determinado tipo de interesse. Três refatorações genéricas e seis refatorações específicas foram elaboradas para os interesses de persistência (subdividido em: gerenciamento de conexões, de transações e sincronização), de logging e para os padrões de projeto Singleton e Observer. Um plug-in Eclipse, denominado MoBRe, foi desenvolvido para auxiliar o Engenheiro de Software na tarefa de aplicação das refatorações. Como principal contribuição, a utilização das refatorações propostas neste trabalho pode permitir a obtenção de modelos OA que representam bons projetos arquiteturais, pois: i) fornecem um guia para modularização de determinados ITs, podendo evitar que Engenheiros de Software escolham estratégias inadequadas para modularização; e ii) foram elaboradas com base em boas práticas de projeto OA preconizadas pela comunidade científica. Assim, além dos modelos a utilização das refatorações pode levar à geração de códigos de melhor qualidade, por exemplo, livre da presença de bad smells. Um estudo de caso foi conduzido para verificar a aplicabilidade das refatorações propostas e os modelos OA resultantes foram equivalentes aos modelos obtidos na literatura.